The Elements of Communication PDF

Purposive Communication The Elements of Communication  The Elements of Frame of Communication Reference Sender Channel Feedback Noise Medium Receiver...

Purposive Communication The Elements of Communication  The Elements of Frame of Communication Reference Sender Channel Feedback Noise Medium Receiver Context  The Sender The process of communication is started by the sender. When the sender has chosen a meaning, they encrypt the message and choose a channel to send it through to the recipient. The Receiver The receiver decodes, interprets, and responds to the message of the sender. The receiver may be an individual or a group. The receiver of the message gives the original sender a response or feedback.  The Medium The Channel It is the method by which the message is A message can be delivered to its target delivered between the sender and the audience using a communication channel. receiver. Print, mass media, electricity, Examples of communication channels and digital are mediums. include phone calls, text messages, emails, videos, radio, and social media.  The Context Context is a collection of observable conditions that both the sender and the receiver can use to associate the same elements with a specific message. These are interconnected factors that have an impact on the message. Physical, psychological, social, and cultural aspects are among the communication contexts that need to be considered in the communication process.  The Noise Noise is anything that stops a receiver from fully comprehending a message. Noise can be both external and internal, and it can disrupt communication at any time. The Feedback The reaction or response of the receiver is called feedback. It provides insight into how the receiver interprets and understands the message of the sender.  Frame of Reference Communicators bring into their interactions their own value system or culture, preferences, world views, self-concept, expectations, and experiences.  Noise/ Communication Barrier Communication barriers are any factors that prevent us from effectively exchanging and understanding messages. They can be physical, cultural, linguistic, or emotional, and can occur within or between individuals, groups, or organizations.  EXTERNAL NOISE Any object, equipment or material elements that surround a person such as the wall dividers, doors, others that cause the distraction and impediment as the flow of ideas through messages.  INTERNAL NOISE 1. Physiological 2. Psychological a. Emotional Barrier b. Perceptual Barrier c. Culture Barrier d. Gender Barrier e. Sociological Barrier 3. Semantic  Physiological Noise characteristic of healthy or normal functioning of the body, like hunger and pain out of an illness  PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE Emotional Barrier Mainly anxiety, inability to trust and intense suspicion. More commonly, the roots of emotional mistrust of others lie in their childhood and infancy when they were taught to be careful with what to say or how to deal with others.  PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE Perceptual Barrier When the person believes that other people who will listen or interpret his/her message will not understand or be interested in what he/she has to say. PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE Culture Barrier It results from the diversity of practices and beliefs among groups of people from various origins and ways of life. When practices of the group are deviated or disobeyed, then arises the cultural barrier  PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE Gender Barrier When different sexes are not able to get their point across any platforms regarding superiority, advantages, roles and privileges in gender.  PSYCHOLOGICAL NOISE Sociological Barrier Or interpersonal barrier, refers to the differences in linguistic ability to relate and transact matters with other people. Social deviation may arise when a person distances himself from other people as lure for psychological pleasure or personal security.  SEMANTIC BARRIER What people wish to communicate could cause issues for those who are unfamiliar with the language's idioms, buzzwords, and jargons. Communication is contextual The KLM crew then received instructions that specified the route that the aircraft was to follow after takeoff. The instructions used the word "takeoff," but did not include an explicit statement that they were cleared for takeoff. The controller, who could not see the runway due to the fog, initially responded with "OK" (terminology that is nonstandard), which reinforced the KLM captain's misinterpretation that they had takeoff clearance. The controller then immediately added "stand by for takeoff, I will call you", indicating that he had not intended the instruction to be interpreted as a takeoff clearance. Communication is contextual Communication adapts to and is shaped by circumstances. There are three general types of context:  General types: 01 02 03 Psychosocial Logistical Interactional The emotional The physical The style of history, social context The communication that is relationships, and employed by the setting (time and communication cultural capital of place) and participants. the participants. occasion Interactional Context 1. Intrapersonal 2. Interpersonal 3. Group 4. Organizational 5. Public presentational 6. Mass communication  It is natural for us to enjoy our alone time, during which we can connect more with our inner selves. We do this in many different ways: one may enjoy reading a book, while another may enjoy doing nothing. What do you usually do when you find yourself alone? What do you usually say to yourself when you find yourself reflecting? Intrapersonal Communication Intrapersonal communication is self-talk, or communication with oneself. It involves thoughts, feelings, and ideas, and is the internal dialogue people have with themselves. It can be used to motivate, guide decision making, and reflect on life experiences. The person involved in the communication process serves as both the sender and the receiver of the message.  Three Aspects of Intrapersonal Communication Perceptions Self-Concept Expectations Perception refers to the The self-concept is a Expectations are messages outward experiences. general term used to refer about long-term roles that Perception creates to how someone thinks are focused on the future understanding of the about, evaluates or and are sometimes referred outside world. perceives themselves. to as life scripts.  Forms of Intrapersonal Communication Internal Discourse Vocal Discourse Written Discourse Intrapersonal communication is essential to understanding oneself and connecting with our inner voice. Interpersonal communication can be... Direct Indirect Communication that Communication that takes place in a face- takes place virtually through the help of to-face situation. technology. Things to Tone of Voice Consider in Interpersonal Communication Body Language When communicating ideas to someone, you should always consider the following to be an effective communicator. Expressions Group Context Involves more than two people. There is no set maximum number of members. Organizational context Workplace communication, which exposes one or more individuals to several communicative opportunities Public presentational context A single speaker creates meaning with the audience, which can range from literally few to tremendously large in number who are present at the delivery of the message. Formal, such as research presentations at conferences or seminars and campaign speeches, or informal of varying levels, such as classroom presentations and reports. Mass communication context An individual or a network sharing message with an audience that is not directly present and often unknown. The sender of the message cannot see or observe how the audience reacts. Examples include newspaper, books, magazines, television, radio, and any other forms of computer-mediated or digital platforms.