Elements of Communication

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a form of intrapersonal communication?

  • Vocal Discourse
  • Written Discourse
  • Internal Discourse
  • All of the above (correct)

Interpersonal communication occurs only in direct face-to-face situations.

False (B)

What is the key aspect of public presentational context?

A single speaker creating meaning with an audience.

In mass communication, the sender of the message cannot see or observe how the audience reacts, which is often conducted through __________.

<p>digital platforms</p>
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Match the following communication contexts with their descriptions:

<p>Group Context = Involves more than two people Organizational Context = Workplace communication Public Presentational Context = Single speaker creates meaning with an audience Mass Communication Context = Message shared with a distant audience</p>
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Which element of communication is responsible for sending the message?

<p>Sender (B)</p>
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Noise can only be external and does not include internal factors.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the term used for the recipient of a message in communication?

<p>Receiver</p>
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The __________ provides insight into how the receiver interprets the message.

<p>feedback</p>
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Match the following communication elements with their definitions:

<p>Sender = Initiates the message Receiver = Decodes and responds to the message Channel = Medium of communication Context = Observable conditions surrounding communication</p>
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Which of the following is NOT considered a medium of communication?

<p>Facial expressions (C)</p>
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The frame of reference includes only the sender's experiences.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is the effect of noise on communication?

<p>It disrupts comprehension of the message.</p>
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What reinforcement did the KLM captain misinterpret from the controller's response?

<p>Takeoff clearance (C)</p>
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Intrapersonal communication is primarily about communication between individuals.

<p>False (B)</p>
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Name the three general types of context in communication.

<p>Psychosocial, Logistical, Interactional</p>
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The self-concept refers to how someone thinks about, evaluates, or perceives their __________.

<p>self</p>
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Match the aspects of intrapersonal communication with their descriptions:

<p>Perceptions = Experiences that create understanding of the external world Self-Concept = How one evaluates or perceives themselves Expectations = Messages about long-term roles focused on the future</p>
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Which type of context includes the emotional history and social relationships of individuals?

<p>Psychosocial Context (D)</p>
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Expectations in intrapersonal communication are about immediate actions rather than long-term roles.

<p>False (B)</p>
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What is intrapersonal communication commonly known as?

<p>Self-talk</p>
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Which type of noise includes distractions caused by physical surroundings?

<p>External Noise (D)</p>
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Psychological noise can include emotional barriers, such as anxiety and emotional mistrust.

<p>True (A)</p>
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What is referred to as the sociological barrier in communication?

<p>Differences in linguistic ability and interpersonal relations.</p>
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_____ noise is characterized by the physiological state of an individual affecting communication.

<p>Physiological</p>
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Which barrier arises due to differing practices and beliefs among various cultural groups?

<p>Cultural Barrier (C)</p>
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A perceptual barrier occurs when an individual believes their message will not be understood by others.

<p>True (A)</p>
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What does the term 'gender barrier' refer to in communication?

<p>Challenges in communication stemming from differing perspectives on gender roles.</p>
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Match the following types of noise with their descriptions:

<p>Physiological Noise = State of body affecting communication Psychological Noise = Emotional factors hindering communication Cultural Barrier = Diversity of practices and beliefs Semantic Barrier = Issues from unfamiliarity with language</p>
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Flashcards

Intrapersonal Communication

Communication that takes place within oneself, involving thoughts, feelings, and internal dialogue.

Interpersonal Communication (Direct)

Communication that occurs between two or more people, involving face-to-face interaction.

Interpersonal Communication (Indirect)

Communication that occurs between two or more people, involving technology as a medium.

Group Context

Communication that takes place within a group of three or more people, with no set limit on the number of participants.

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Organizational Context

Communication that occurs in a professional setting, involving interactions between colleagues, supervisors, and subordinates.

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Sender

The person or entity initiating the communication process by encoding a message and choosing a channel to send it.

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Medium

The method used to deliver the message between the sender and the receiver.

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Channel

The channel through which the message travels to reach the intended audience.

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Receiver

The person or entity receiving the message, decoding it, interpreting it, and responding to it.

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Feedback

The response or reaction of the receiver to the sender's message, providing insight into their understanding.

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Noise

Anything that hinders the receiver's understanding of the message, including external and internal distractions.

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Context

The combination of factors, including physical, psychological, social, and cultural aspects, that influence the meaning and interpretation of a message.

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Frame of Reference

The unique set of beliefs, values, preferences, experiences, expectations, and self-concept that each communicator brings to an interaction.

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Psychosocial Context

The emotional history, social relationships, and cultural capital of the communication participants.

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Logistical Context

The physical setting (time and place) of communication.

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Interactional Context

The specific style of communication used by participants, including their tone, language, and nonverbal cues.

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Perceptions (Intrapersonal Communication)

How someone perceives and interprets the world around them.

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Self-Concept (Intrapersonal Communication)

How someone thinks about, evaluates, or perceives themselves.

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Expectations (Intrapersonal Communication)

Messages about long-term roles, focused on the future, and sometimes referred to as life scripts.

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Communication Barrier

Any factor that prevents effective communication and understanding of messages.

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External Noise

Physical objects or elements in the environment that distract or impede communication.

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Internal Noise

Internal factors that interfere with communication, such as physiological or psychological states.

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Physiological Noise

Physical conditions that affect communication, such as hunger, pain, or illness.

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Psychological Noise

Emotional states, mistrust, or perceptions that hinder communication.

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Emotional Barrier

Lack of trust or suspicion towards others, often rooted in childhood experiences.

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Perceptual Barrier

When a person believes their message won't be understood or valued.

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Culture Barrier

Differences in language, customs, or beliefs that create communication challenges.

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Study Notes

Elements of Communication

  • Communication involves a sender, channel, receiver, and feedback
  • The sender initiates the communication process by creating a message and selecting a channel
  • The sender encodes the message to make it clear
  • The receiver decodes the message and responds or gives feedback
  • The medium is the channel used to deliver the message (e.g., print, mass media, electricity, digital)
  • The channel is the method of delivering the message to the target audience (e.g., phone calls, text messages)
  • Feedback is the response or reaction from the receiver of the message
  • Noise is anything that obstructs the communication process, including internal and external elements

Context of Communication

  • Context consists of observable conditions that help sender and receiver understand a message together
  • Communication is affected by physical, psychological, social, and cultural contexts
  • Physical context includes factors of time, place, and occasion
  • Psychological context relates to the emotional history, social relationships, and cultural capital of those participating in the communication
  • Interactional context encompasses interpersonal, group, organizational, public presentational, and mass communication

Noise and Communication Barriers

  • Noise interrupts the process of communication
  • External noise factors include objects, equipment, or materials (e.g., wall dividers, doors)
  • Internal noise factors include psychological barriers (emotional, perceptual, cultural, gender, sociological), and semantic barriers

Intrapersonal Communication

  • Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself, involving self-talk, thoughts, feelings, and ideas
  • It is essential for understanding oneself and connecting with one's inner voice
  • Perceptions, self-concept, and expectations are three aspects of intrapersonal communication
  • Internal, vocal, and written discourse are forms of intrapersonal communication

Interpersonal Communication

  • Interpersonal communication can be direct or indirect
  • Direct communication occurs in face-to-face interactions
  • Indirect communication involves technology (e.g., virtual communication)
  • Tone of voice, body language, and expressions are considerations for effective interpersonal communication

Types of Communication Contexts

  • Group context involves more than two people
  • Organizational context includes workplace communication, exposing individuals to numerous communication opportunities
  • Public presentational context involves a single speaker addressing an audience (formal/informal)
  • Mass communication context involves individuals/networks sharing messages with a broad audience

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