Elements of Communication

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a form of intrapersonal communication?

  • Vocal Discourse
  • Written Discourse
  • Internal Discourse
  • All of the above (correct)

Interpersonal communication occurs only in direct face-to-face situations.

False (B)

What is the key aspect of public presentational context?

A single speaker creating meaning with an audience.

In mass communication, the sender of the message cannot see or observe how the audience reacts, which is often conducted through __________.

<p>digital platforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following communication contexts with their descriptions:

<p>Group Context = Involves more than two people Organizational Context = Workplace communication Public Presentational Context = Single speaker creates meaning with an audience Mass Communication Context = Message shared with a distant audience</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element of communication is responsible for sending the message?

<p>Sender (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Noise can only be external and does not include internal factors.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the recipient of a message in communication?

<p>Receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ provides insight into how the receiver interprets the message.

<p>feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following communication elements with their definitions:

<p>Sender = Initiates the message Receiver = Decodes and responds to the message Channel = Medium of communication Context = Observable conditions surrounding communication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a medium of communication?

<p>Facial expressions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The frame of reference includes only the sender's experiences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of noise on communication?

<p>It disrupts comprehension of the message.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What reinforcement did the KLM captain misinterpret from the controller's response?

<p>Takeoff clearance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Intrapersonal communication is primarily about communication between individuals.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name the three general types of context in communication.

<p>Psychosocial, Logistical, Interactional</p> Signup and view all the answers

The self-concept refers to how someone thinks about, evaluates, or perceives their __________.

<p>self</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the aspects of intrapersonal communication with their descriptions:

<p>Perceptions = Experiences that create understanding of the external world Self-Concept = How one evaluates or perceives themselves Expectations = Messages about long-term roles focused on the future</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of context includes the emotional history and social relationships of individuals?

<p>Psychosocial Context (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Expectations in intrapersonal communication are about immediate actions rather than long-term roles.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is intrapersonal communication commonly known as?

<p>Self-talk</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of noise includes distractions caused by physical surroundings?

<p>External Noise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Psychological noise can include emotional barriers, such as anxiety and emotional mistrust.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is referred to as the sociological barrier in communication?

<p>Differences in linguistic ability and interpersonal relations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

_____ noise is characterized by the physiological state of an individual affecting communication.

<p>Physiological</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which barrier arises due to differing practices and beliefs among various cultural groups?

<p>Cultural Barrier (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A perceptual barrier occurs when an individual believes their message will not be understood by others.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'gender barrier' refer to in communication?

<p>Challenges in communication stemming from differing perspectives on gender roles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of noise with their descriptions:

<p>Physiological Noise = State of body affecting communication Psychological Noise = Emotional factors hindering communication Cultural Barrier = Diversity of practices and beliefs Semantic Barrier = Issues from unfamiliarity with language</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Intrapersonal Communication

Communication that takes place within oneself, involving thoughts, feelings, and internal dialogue.

Interpersonal Communication (Direct)

Communication that occurs between two or more people, involving face-to-face interaction.

Interpersonal Communication (Indirect)

Communication that occurs between two or more people, involving technology as a medium.

Group Context

Communication that takes place within a group of three or more people, with no set limit on the number of participants.

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Organizational Context

Communication that occurs in a professional setting, involving interactions between colleagues, supervisors, and subordinates.

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Sender

The person or entity initiating the communication process by encoding a message and choosing a channel to send it.

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Medium

The method used to deliver the message between the sender and the receiver.

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Channel

The channel through which the message travels to reach the intended audience.

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Receiver

The person or entity receiving the message, decoding it, interpreting it, and responding to it.

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Feedback

The response or reaction of the receiver to the sender's message, providing insight into their understanding.

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Noise

Anything that hinders the receiver's understanding of the message, including external and internal distractions.

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Context

The combination of factors, including physical, psychological, social, and cultural aspects, that influence the meaning and interpretation of a message.

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Frame of Reference

The unique set of beliefs, values, preferences, experiences, expectations, and self-concept that each communicator brings to an interaction.

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Psychosocial Context

The emotional history, social relationships, and cultural capital of the communication participants.

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Logistical Context

The physical setting (time and place) of communication.

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Interactional Context

The specific style of communication used by participants, including their tone, language, and nonverbal cues.

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Perceptions (Intrapersonal Communication)

How someone perceives and interprets the world around them.

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Self-Concept (Intrapersonal Communication)

How someone thinks about, evaluates, or perceives themselves.

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Expectations (Intrapersonal Communication)

Messages about long-term roles, focused on the future, and sometimes referred to as life scripts.

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Communication Barrier

Any factor that prevents effective communication and understanding of messages.

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External Noise

Physical objects or elements in the environment that distract or impede communication.

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Internal Noise

Internal factors that interfere with communication, such as physiological or psychological states.

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Physiological Noise

Physical conditions that affect communication, such as hunger, pain, or illness.

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Psychological Noise

Emotional states, mistrust, or perceptions that hinder communication.

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Emotional Barrier

Lack of trust or suspicion towards others, often rooted in childhood experiences.

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Perceptual Barrier

When a person believes their message won't be understood or valued.

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Culture Barrier

Differences in language, customs, or beliefs that create communication challenges.

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Study Notes

Elements of Communication

  • Communication involves a sender, channel, receiver, and feedback
  • The sender initiates the communication process by creating a message and selecting a channel
  • The sender encodes the message to make it clear
  • The receiver decodes the message and responds or gives feedback
  • The medium is the channel used to deliver the message (e.g., print, mass media, electricity, digital)
  • The channel is the method of delivering the message to the target audience (e.g., phone calls, text messages)
  • Feedback is the response or reaction from the receiver of the message
  • Noise is anything that obstructs the communication process, including internal and external elements

Context of Communication

  • Context consists of observable conditions that help sender and receiver understand a message together
  • Communication is affected by physical, psychological, social, and cultural contexts
  • Physical context includes factors of time, place, and occasion
  • Psychological context relates to the emotional history, social relationships, and cultural capital of those participating in the communication
  • Interactional context encompasses interpersonal, group, organizational, public presentational, and mass communication

Noise and Communication Barriers

  • Noise interrupts the process of communication
  • External noise factors include objects, equipment, or materials (e.g., wall dividers, doors)
  • Internal noise factors include psychological barriers (emotional, perceptual, cultural, gender, sociological), and semantic barriers

Intrapersonal Communication

  • Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself, involving self-talk, thoughts, feelings, and ideas
  • It is essential for understanding oneself and connecting with one's inner voice
  • Perceptions, self-concept, and expectations are three aspects of intrapersonal communication
  • Internal, vocal, and written discourse are forms of intrapersonal communication

Interpersonal Communication

  • Interpersonal communication can be direct or indirect
  • Direct communication occurs in face-to-face interactions
  • Indirect communication involves technology (e.g., virtual communication)
  • Tone of voice, body language, and expressions are considerations for effective interpersonal communication

Types of Communication Contexts

  • Group context involves more than two people
  • Organizational context includes workplace communication, exposing individuals to numerous communication opportunities
  • Public presentational context involves a single speaker addressing an audience (formal/informal)
  • Mass communication context involves individuals/networks sharing messages with a broad audience

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