TEAM 2012-compressed.pdf

TEAM 2012 TYPES OF DISASTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES AMER, BERSABAL, INFANTADO, SOLIDOR  TYPES OF DISASTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES Agenda INTRODUCTION HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS...

TEAM 2012 TYPES OF DISASTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES AMER, BERSABAL, INFANTADO, SOLIDOR  TYPES OF DISASTERS IN THE PHILIPPINES Agenda INTRODUCTION HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS CONSEQUENCE MANAGEMENT FOR TERRORISM RELATED MANAGEMENT EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI INTRODUCTION DISASTER A disaster is a sudden occurrence of an accident that causes huge loss of life and property. It is also called as a calamity. Earthquake Flood Explosion Famine  Types of Disaster NATURAL DISASTER A major adverse event resulting from natural processes of earth. Earthquake Flood Drought  Types of Disaster MAN-MADE DISASTER A disaster caused due to the human activities. wars Fire accidents Industrial accidents PRIMARY INITIAL DISASTER DISASTER SECONDARY SUBSEQUENT DISASTER DISASTER Earthquake Tsunami Hazard VS. Disaster Hazard Disaster A threat that has the potential to An occurrence that severely harm our lives, health, affects our daily existence. It environment, and property. causes significant loss of life, property, and economic resources in a community that lacks the capability to adjust to the disruption. Hazard VS. Disaster Hazard Disaster Hazard VS. Disaster Hazard Disaster Hazard VS. Disaster Hazard Disaster Are more likely to occur in Are more likely to occur in densely locations with little or no people. populated areas. Has less significant effects. Has more serious and devastating impacts. HYDRO-METEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS Phenomenon of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damages, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruptions, or even environmental damages. HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS INCLUDE: TROPICAL CYCLONES (TYPHOONS/HURRICANES) THUNDERSTORMS TORNADOES DROUGHT FLOODS/FLASHFLOODS HEAT WAVES STORM SURGES LANDSLIDES EPIDEMICS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS The following are the most common Hydrometeorological hazards as defined by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): STORM CYCLONE TYPHOON FLOOD SURGE FLASH EL NIÑO & TORNADO FLOOD THUNDERSTROMS EL NIÑA CYCLONE A tropical cyclone is an intense low- pressure system with strong spiral winds rotating counter-clockwise around a central "Eye" in the northern hemisphere. It poses hazards such as heavy rainfall, strong winds, widespread flooding, storm surges, landslides, and mudflows. TYPHOON A typhoon is a powerful tropical cyclone that forms over warm waters in the Western Pacific Ocean, characterized by a counter-clockwise rotating low-pressure system with rising warm air. Less intense tropical cyclones are called Tropical Depressions and Tropical Storms. THUNDERSTORM A thunderstorm is a weather condition characterized by lightning, thunder, heavy rainfall from cumulonimbus clouds, and potentially a tornado. It is a violent local disturbance accompanied by lightning, thunder, heavy rain, strong gusts of wind, and sometimes hail. TORNADO A tornado is a narrow, violently rotating column of air that extends from a thunderstorm to the ground. It is often difficult to see due to the invisibility of wind, but it becomes visible when a condensation funnel forms from water droplets, dust, and debris. Tornadoes are among the most violent atmospheric phenomena. FLASHFLOOD A flash flood is a rapid flood caused by heavy rainfall over a short period, typically characterized by raging torrents that sweep through river beds, urban streets, or mountain canyons. It is distinguished from regular floods by its occurrence within six hours. FLOOD the inundation of land areas which are not normally covered by water. A flood is usually caused by a temporary rise of the over-flowing of a river, stream, or other water course, inundating adjacent lands or flood-plains. STORM SURGE Storm surge is the rise of seawater above normal levels along the coast, caused by cyclonic winds and atmospheric pressure. It raises sea levels and drives water toward the shore. In shallow areas with gradual seabed slopes, the natural flow of water is delayed due to friction. EL NIÑO & EL NIÑA La Niña is the cold phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), while El Niño is the warm phase. Both phenomena involve deviations from normal sea surface temperatures, impacting ocean processes and global weather patterns. They typically last nine to 12 months but can persist for years, with El Niño occurring more frequently than La Niña. Preparedness and mitigation strategies for various disasters are essential components of disaster management, aimed at reducing the impacts of natural hazards such as cyclones, floods, tornadoes, and others. These strategies encompass a range of activities designed to enhance readiness and response capabilities before a disaster occurs. General Preparedness Measures 1. Emergency Kit: Assemble an emergency kit with essentials such as water, non-perishable food, medications, flashlight, batteries, and important documents. 2. Family Emergency Plan: Create and practice a family emergency plan that includes evacuation routes and communication strategies. 3. Stay Informed: Keep abreast of weather forecasts and warnings from local authorities and meteorological services. 4. Community Awareness: Participate in community drills and educational programs about disaster preparedness.  Oil Spill Disaster of MT Princess Empress (February 28, 2023) UP-Resilience Institute- NOAH Hazard Assessment COVID-19 Pandemic (November 2019) Before After Marawi Siege (May 23, 2017) Before After  Human- induced Disasters These are oil spill, pandemics, conflict, and terrorism that further threaten the lives of the communities. Unlike natural disasters, human-induced disasters are caused by of human intent, error, or as a result of failed systems. EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI  EARTHQUAKE A violent shaking of earth’s surface due to sudden release of large amount of energy that has accumulated over a long time inside the earth  CAUSES OF EARTHQUAKE Surface Causes Volcanic Causes Tectonic Causes 1. Machinery Pressure exerted Relative 2. Nuclear Test by movement of movement of 3. Mining Blast hot molten lava rock masses, 4. Locomotives development of new fault line  IMPACT OF EARTHQUAKE Lost of life Communications Economic and property such as telephone activites like Damage to wires are agriculture, transport damaged industry, trade system Structural damage and transport to buildings Mitigation Management TSUNAMI A series of water waves causes by the displacement of a large volume of a body of water usually an ocean  TSUNAMI vs TIDAL WAVES vs STORM SURGE TSUNAMIS are primarily caused by STORM SRUGE underwater earthquakes caused by strong TIDAL WAVES winds and low caused by the pressure associated gravitational pull of with tropical storms the moon and the sun or hurricanes. on the Earth.  SIGN OF AN APPROACHING TSUNAMI There are often no advance warning of a tsunami. An earthquake felt near a body of water may be considered an indication that a tsunami will shortly follow.  MITIGATION Mitigating against the effects of tsunamis can be achieved through: public awareness; installation of an early warning system; an evacuation plan for communities located within inundation areas; vertical evacuation; protective structures to reduce the impact on nearshore buildings.  HOW Earthquakes and tsunamis EARTHQUAKE are closely related, especially when the AND TSUNAMI earthquake occurs under or near a large body of water. RELATED?