Study Guide: Lecture Exam 3 Fall 2024 (PDF)

Lecture Exam 3: Study guide Chapter 6 An Introduction to Viruses Virology is introduced. Viral particle structure is described including the envelope, capsid, and inner core. The classification system of viruses is presented. The modes of viral multiplication in animal cells and bacteria are descr...

Lecture Exam 3: Study guide Chapter 6 An Introduction to Viruses Virology is introduced. Viral particle structure is described including the envelope, capsid, and inner core. The classification system of viruses is presented. The modes of viral multiplication in animal cells and bacteria are described. Three major techniques of culturing viruses are presented: chick embryos, tissue culture, and live laboratory animals. Nonviral infectious particles are described, highlighting prions and viroids. Approaches to identifying and treating viral infections are also described. ***Expected Learning Outcomes*** 6.01 Indicate how viruses were discovered and characterized. 6.02 Describe the unique characteristics of viruses. 6.03 Discuss the origin and importance of viruses. 6.04 Describe the general structure and size range of viruses. 6.05 Distinguish among types of capsids and nucleocapsids. 6.06 Describe envelopes and spikes, and discuss their origins. 6.07 Explain the functions of capsids, nucleocapsids, envelopes, and spikes. 6.08 Summarize the different viral groups based on their basic structure. 6.09 Explain the classification scheme used for viruses. 6.10 Indicate the characteristics used in identifying and naming viruses. 6.11 Describe the virus-host relationship. 6.12 Relate the stages in the multiplication cycle of animal viruses, and summarize what is happening in each stage. 6.13 Describe three ways that animal viruses attach and enter a host cell. 6.14 Define replication as it relates to viruses. 6.15 Explain two ways that animal virus are released by a host cell. 6.16 Describe cytopathic effects of viruses and the possible results of persistent viral infections. 6.17 Describe the stages in the multiplication cycle of bacteriophages. 6.18 Explain what is meant by lysogeny, prophage, and lysogenic induction and conversion. 6.19 Compare the major stages in multiplication of animal viruses and bacteriophage. 6.20 Describe the general purposes of cultivating viruses. 6.21 Compare the methods and uses of cell culture, bird embryos, and live animals in growing viruses. 6.22 Discuss the medical impact and importance of viruses. 6.23 Explain how animal viral infections are treated and detected. 6.24 Describe the properties of non-viral infectious particles. 6.25 Discuss the importance of prions and viroids and the diseases they cause. ER **Chapter 7 Microbial Nutrition, Ecology, and Growth** This chapter introduces the conditions and requirements that are necessary for microbial growth. Temperature, pH, nutrients, osmotic pressure, atmospheric pressure, energy sources, and oxygen requirements for microbial growth are discussed. Transportation of nutrients across the cellular membrane is reviewed, and the concepts of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport are introduced. The various types of microbial associations, including symbiotic relationships, synergism, and antagonism, are presented. Quorum sensing is introduced as an explanation of the behavior of microorganisms that form biofilms. The study of microbial growth, the rate of population growth, and the four phases of a normal growth curve are described. Methods for analyzing population growth are discussed. ***Expected Learning Outcomes***