Study Guide: Oral Health PDF

Study guide: What are the different types of bacteria present in plaque? - Cocci - Filamentous - Rodi - Fusobacteria - Vibrio/spirochetes - Streptococcus - Mutans/sanguis What types of bacteria are present based on days/time of plaque present? - day 1-2 gram positive aerobi...

Study guide: What are the different types of bacteria present in plaque? - Cocci - Filamentous - Rodi - Fusobacteria - Vibrio/spirochetes - Streptococcus - Mutans/sanguis What types of bacteria are present based on days/time of plaque present? - day 1-2 gram positive aerobic - day 2-4 cocci, filamentous - day 4-7 filamentous, rods, fusobacteria - day 7-14 vibrios, spirochetes What does plaque cause? - Gingivitis (fusobacterium nucleatum) - Periodontitis - Carries formation - Pellicle formation (A amorphous, organic, tenacious membrane layer composed primarily of salivary proteins- can be easily removed but reforms within hours) What influences plaque formation? 1. Pellicle formation 2. Bacterial attachment 3. Bacterial multiplication/colonization 4. Bacterial growth/multiplication 5. Maxtrix formation (slime layer, substance that binds colonies together) What makes up most of the calculus formation? - Hydroxyapatite inorganic portion 75.9% calcium phosphate Why is subgingival calculus darked in color than some supragingival calculus - subgingival calculus is darked in color (green, brown, black stained) from sulcular fluids containing blood - Tissue may appear dark /blue due to underlying deposits & erythema/cyanosis-decrease in oxygen What areas in the oral cavity have the most calculus deposits? And why? - Supragingival lingual mandibular anterior teeth - Buccal maxillary 1^st^ and 2^nd^ molars - Subgingival interproximally where patients don't clean What is a calculus statement consist of? **[CALCULUS/PLAQUE DETECTION ]** **Extent**-- localized or generalized **Degree** -- light, moderate, heavy **Area** -- Maxillary, Mandibular, anterior, posterior **Distribution/specific location** -- interproximal, cervical, supragingival, subgingival **[Examples of calculus statement ]** 1. Generalized light interproximal calculus on the maxilla localized moderate supragingival calculus on the mandibular anterior 2. Localized supragingival calculus on maxillary posteriors 3. Generalized moderate interproximal and subgingival calculus in maxillary and mandibular arches 4\. No calculus detected What does a Class 2 patient have for calculus and probing depths? - Class 1- healthy/gingivitis: 3-4mm or less - Class 2- gingivitis/slight periodontitis: 3-5 mm - Class 3- moderate perio/bone loss: 5-7mm on 8 or more teeth - Class 4- advanced perio, bone loss, tooth mobility, furcation: 7-8mm on 8 or more teeth - Class 5- RARE How do we classify dental stain? What are the types ? - By origin: -enuogenous: inside tooth, pulp, or dentin -exogenous: outside tooth (smoking, coffee) - By location: -extrinsic: exterior, outside tooth -intrinsic: inside tooth \*endogenous is always intrinsic What stain is made up of chromogenic bacteria? - Green stain: H2O (never scale green stain) - Orange stain (cervical 3^rd^, poor oral hygiene) What stain is difficult to remove and has no etiology ? - Black line stain cause is unknown What stain should you not scale and why? - Green stain should never be scaled because it may be imbedded in a demineralized area due to weakened enamel. Tooth development -- Amelogenesis imperfect what is the disturbance - Dentinogenesis imperfect -- what is the disturbance? - Amelogenesis imperfect: disturbance of ameloblast, cells that produce enamel ( yellow brown to gray brown) - Dentinogenesis imperfect: opalescent or translucent disturbances of odontoblast, cell that form dentin (gray to blue brown) What type of stain is Fluorosis? - White to yellow to brown from high levels of fluoride ingestion - Mottled enamel (hypo-calcification) What does Iatrogenic mean? Give an example of stain reviewed in class. - Latrogenic means illness caused by medical exam or treatment - Ex: chlorohexidine, too much fluoride tetracycline medication What is the treatments for Active TB? Meds how long? - Period of 4-9 months on meds: isoniazid (inh), rifampin, pyrazinamide - 6-12 months: ethambutol What are the techniques for using the 11/12 explorer? - Light walking strokes - Short overlapping, oblique strokes - Pen grasp - Adapt tip 1-2 mm Medical Emergencies reviewed in class -- signs symptoms oxygen use - 6-10 liters of oxygen per minute CPR steps - 30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths