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Questions and Answers
What is the classification for periodontal disease with bone loss measuring 5-7mm on 8 or more teeth?
Which type of stain is caused by chromogenic bacteria?
What is the main disturbance in Amelogenesis imperfecta?
Which part of calculus formation is made up of 75.9% calcium phosphate?
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What type of bacteria is primarily present in the initial stages of plaque formation (day 1-2)?
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How should green stain be treated during dental cleaning?
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Why does subgingival calculus appear darker than supragingival calculus?
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What does Iatrogenic refer to in a dental context?
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What are the signs of a medical emergency requiring oxygen?
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What is the duration of treatment for active TB using isoniazid (INH) and rifampin?
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What is one of the main causes of periodontitis according to the plaque bacteria present?
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What primarily influences plaque formation?
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Which of the following best describes intrinsic stains?
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Which area in the oral cavity has the most calculus deposits due to poor cleaning habits?
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What is included in a calculus statement regarding the area of calculus?
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What type of bacteria is characteristic in the plaque after 4-7 days of accumulation?
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Study Notes
Types of Bacteria in Plaque
- Cocci, Filamentous, Rods, Fusobacteria, Vibrio/spirochetes, Streptococcus, Mutans/sanguis are all types of bacteria found in plaque
- Gram-positive aerobic bacteria are common in the first 1-2 days of plaque formation
- Cocci and filamentous bacteria become more prominent in the second to fourth day
- The presence of filamentous, rods and fusobacteria become more pronounced in the fourth to seventh days
- Vibrios and spirochetes are common in plaque after the seventh to fourteenth days
Plaque Formation
- Plaque forms in a multi-step process that includes pellicle formation, bacterial attachment, bacterial multiplication/colonization, bacterial growth/multiplication, and matrix formation
Calculus Formation
- Hydroxyapatite, an inorganic calcium phosphate compound, makes up 75.9% of calculus
- Subgingival calculus is often darker in color (green, brown, black) due to staining from sulcular fluids containing blood
- Supragingival calculus can be white or yellowish
Calculus Location
- Supragingival lingual mandibular anterior teeth, buccal maxillary first and second molars, and interproximal areas are locations with high calculus deposits
- Interproximal areas are particularly prone to calculus due to limited patient access for cleaning
Calculus Detection Statement
- Extent refers to whether calculus is localized or generalized
- Degree relates to the severity of calculus deposits, light, moderate, or heavy
- Area indicates the location of calculus, such as maxillary, mandibular, anterior, or posterior
- Distribution refers to the specific location of calculus, for example, interproximal, cervical, supragingival, or subgingival
Periodontal Classification
- Class 1 patients have healthy gingiva or gingivitis, with probing depths of 3-4mm or less
- Class 2 patients exhibit gingivitis or slight periodontitis, with probing depths of 3-5mm
- Class 3 patients have moderate periodontitis with probing depths of 5-7mm on 8 or more teeth
- Class 4 patients have advanced periodontitis, with bone loss, tooth mobility, furcation involvement, and probing depths of 7-8mm on 8 or more teeth
- Class 5 periodontitis is rare
Types and Classifications of Dental Stains
- Exogenous stains originate outside the tooth, while endogenous stains originate from within the tooth
- Extrinsic stains occur on the tooth surface, while intrinsic stains are within the tooth structure
- Endogenous stains are always intrinsic
Green Stain
- Green stain is caused by chromogenic bacteria
- It is difficult to remove and should not be scaled as it could be embedded in a demineralized enamel area
Orange Stain
- Occurs cervically and is associated with poor oral hygiene
Black Line Stain
- The etiology of black line stain is unknown and it cannot be removed easily
Amelogenesis Imperfect
- A disturbance in ameloblast function, the cells that produce enamel
- Resulting in yellow-brown to gray-brown enamel discoloration
Dentinogenesis Imperfect
- Affects odontoblasts, the cells forming dentin
- Causes opalescent or translucent enamel, with discoloration ranging from gray to blue-brown
Fluorosis
- Occurs due to high fluoride ingestion during tooth development
- White to yellow to brown discoloration of the enamel
Iatrogenic Stains
- Stains caused by medical exam or treatment
- Chlorohexidine, excessive fluoride, and tetracycline medications can all cause iatrogenic stains
Treatment for Active Tuberculosis
- A 4-9 month course of medication is required for Active TB
- Medications include isoniazid (INH, inhalant), rifampin, pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol may be prescribed for a duration of 6-12 months
11/12 Explorer Techniques
- Light walking strokes
- Short, overlapping, oblique strokes
- Pen grasp
- Adapt the tip 1-2 mm
Medical Emergencies
- Oxygen administration: 6-10 liters per minute
- CPR steps: 30 chest compressions, 2 rescue breaths
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Description
This quiz explores the different types of bacteria found in dental plaque and the stages of plaque formation. Understanding the roles of various bacteria such as cocci, rods, and fusobacteria over time is crucial for dental health. Test your knowledge about plaque and calculus formation processes.
