STS Midterm PDF

STS MIDTERM 頑 張 って ! —‘ u ’— Historical Antecedents in which Social Natural Science M1 Consideration Changed the Course of 3 study of everything in nature; like...

STS MIDTERM 頑 張 って ! —‘ u ’— Historical Antecedents in which Social Natural Science M1 Consideration Changed the Course of 3 study of everything in nature; like rocks, planets, and energy Science and Technology Biological Science Science or life science, study of living things; like plants, formal activity that creates and accumulates animals, and humans knowledge by directly confronting the natural world Physical Science (Sismondo, 2011) study of matter , energy and the interaction between them - systematized body of knowledge; that deals with study of matter that is done through experimentation Technology in order to come up to a conclusion applied science; refers to intangible technique and know-how process. (Historical and Cultural context) Scientific Method (needed for innovation): Technology is found everywhere. (Geographical 1 Observation context) 2 Identifying the Problem 3 Hypothesis It is the use of scientific knowledge for the production, 4 Experimentation improvement, and distribution of goods and services, 5 Conclusion as well as the satisfaction of other material needs. The core activity of technology is technological Major Field of Science: innovation Sociel Science 1 study of human behavior in relation of human Society society group of people who lives in one place; Demography It makes use of science to come up with better statistical study of human population technology in order for its people to live in accordance History study of past with their necessities. Psychology Interrelationship and Dynamics between Science and study of mind and behavior Technology Sociology Science cannot develop without the required study of human society; human behavior within 1 technology infrastructure needed for research society and the consequences of the behaviors and development Abstract Science Technology cannot advance without continuing study of fundamental concepts and theories; 2 inputs from science (Research and 2 that are not directly tied to practical or physical Development) applications Experience and practice are also valuable 3 Computer Science sources of technology Geometry Logic Importance of Science and Technology the science and art of correct thinking increase country's economic strength and productivity Philosophy study of the basic ideas about knowledge, increase scope and efficacy of medical care in this truth, right and wrong, religion, and the nature century and meaning of life Logistics Mathematics 1  STS MIDTERM Olmec Civilization / 1200 B.C. to 400 B.C. C. Egyptian. Civilization / 3100 B.C. - 30 B.C. ↳ located in the lowlands of the Gulf Coast region of ↳ led by powerful kings known as pharaohs Mexico, particularly in the modern states of Veracruz ↳ writing hieroglyphs and Tabasco ↳ King Khufu – best known for commissioning the Colossal Heads - the Olmecs are famous for their large Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of sculpted heads, which are thought to represent rulers the Ancient World or important figures. These heads are made of basalt and weigh several tons Pyramid of Giza - built as a tomb for the pharaoh Khufu; the body of the pharaoh was preserved through mummification Inca Civilization / 1400s - 1533 ↳ located in the Andean region of South America, D. Cretan (Minoan) Civilization / 3000 B.C. - 1100 B.C. primarily in modern-day Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, and parts of Colombia, Chile, and Argentina E. Greek Civilization / 1100 B.C. - 146 B.C. ↳ known for their advanced engineering skills ↳ located in southeastern Europe, on the Greek Machu Picchu - an iconic example of Incan Peninsula, which includes mainland Greece architecture The Parthenon - was built as a temple dedicated to Athena Parthenos (Athena the Virgin), the patron Science And Technology Historical Antecedents goddess of Athens; ↳ located on the Acropolis of Athens, Greece (the ※ Ancient Times Acropolis is a rocky outcrop that rises above the city of (3500 B.C. and A.D. 1200 in the old world) Athens and was a central religious and cultural hub of A. Sumerian Civilization / 4500 B.C. - 1900 B.C. ancient Athens) ↳ located Southern of Mesopotamia; in modern-day F. Persian Civilization / 550 B.C. – A.D. 651 southern Iraq ↳ known for advancement in metallurgy; they had ↳ located primarily in what is now Iran mastered the use of bronze (a metal alloy made ↳ the first Persian Empire is founded by Cyrus the primarily of copper and tin), which led to the bronze Great around 550 BC and became one of the largest age empires in history Cuneiform – writing in clay tablets, one of the earliest Tachara Palace - also known as the Palace of Darius, writing systems in human history; the exclusive palace of Darius the Great at Persepolis; embossed bas relief carvings of servants bringing gifts Metallurgy - the science and process of working with to the king on the sidewall of stairs in front of tachara metals palace B. Babylonian Civilization / 3500 B.C - 500 B.C. G. Roman Civilization / 753 B.C. – A.D. 476 ↳ known for bronze age ↳ centered around the city of Rome, which is located ↳ ancient babylonian mathematicians calculated the in present-day Italy circumference of circle as three times the diameter The Colosseum - used for gladiatorial contests and of the circle; what this means is that they took the public spectacles value of pi (π) as 3, which is not far off from the modern day estimate of 22/7 or 3.142… Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100 – 170 AD) ↳ King Hammurabi – the sixth Amorite king of the known for his geocentric model of the universe; which placed the Earth at the center of the Old Babylonian Empire, famous for creating the Code universe; a view supported by the work of ancient of Hammurabi; one of the earliest and most complete astronomer Ptolemy and the teachings of the written legal codes Catholic Church Tower of Babel - built in Babylon by humanity in an attempt to reach the heavens 2  STS MIDTERM H. Arabic/Islam Civilization Bessemer Steel Processing - refers to the Bessemer process, an important method for mass-producing I. Chinese Civilization steel; developed by Sir Henry Bessemer in the 1850s Suanpan (Chinese Abacus) - typically has two beads Sirius – first ship to traverse English channel (Atlantic on each rod above a horizontal bar and five beads Ocean) in 1838 below it John Dalton (1766 - 1844) ※ Middle Ages best known for his pioneering work in atomic theory, which laid the groundwork for modern ↳ the great depression, implies a period of stagnation chemistry and cultural decline; spans from the fall of the Western Roman Empire (around the 5th century) to Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907) the beginning of the Renaissance (around the 14th to famous for creating the first widely accepted 15th centuries) version of the Periodic Table of Elements in 1869 Johannes Gutenberg (1395 - 1468) known for introducing printing; to Europe with his 2nd Industrial Revolution / 1870 invention of the movable-type printing press ↳ new technological advancements initiated the around 1440 emergence of a new source of energy: electricity, gas and oil ※ Renaissance ↳ the second used electric energy to create mass (1300s – 1600s) production ↳ rebirth of the economy of Europe Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler were influential Nicolaus Copernicus (1473 - 1543) figures in the development of the automobile, active known for formulating the heliocentric model of in the late 19th and early 20th centuries the universe, which proposed that the Sun, rather than the Earth, is at the center of the solar system Marie Curie (1867 - 1934) in 1898, Marie Curie, along with her husband Pierre ※ Scientific Revolution Curie, discovered two radioactive elements, (1540s – 1700s) polonium and radium Galileo Galilei (1564 - 1642) ↳ discovery of radium and its use in radiation often called the "father of modern science" for his therapy provided an innovative treatment for use of the telescope to make significant cancer astronomical discoveries, such as the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus, which provided 3rd Industrial Revolution / 1969 evidence for the heliocentric theory ↳ the emergence of new source of energy (nuclear) ↳ His advocacy of the heliocentric model brought and this revolution witnessed the rise of electronics him into conflict with the Catholic Church, leading ↳ the third used electronics and information to his famous trial and house arrest technology to automate production ※ Age of Industrialization (1765 – 1969) ※ Industry 4.0 ↳ emergence of the Internet Industrial revolution / 1765 ↳ the emergence of mechanization; ↳ merging technology that blurs the lines between the physical, digital and biological spheres to ↳ used water and steam to mechanize production completely uproot industries all over the world Mechanization - a process that replaced agriculture with industry; as the foundations of economic structure of society 3