STS Midterm Exam

Questions and Answers

What does biological science focus on?

The study of living organisms (correct)

The study of all natural elements

The interaction between matter and energy

The application of scientific knowledge

Which step is NOT part of the scientific method?

Conclusion

Execution (correct)

Hypothesis

Observation

What is the primary purpose of technology as described?

To conduct scientific experiments

To apply scientific knowledge for practical needs (correct)

To explore natural phenomena

To study the laws of physics

What distinguishes physical science from biological science?

Study of life forms versus study of matter and energy Signup and view all the answers

In what context is technology said to be found everywhere?

Geographical context Signup and view all the answers

What were the large sculpted heads created by the Olmecs made from?

Basalt Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization is best known for the engineering marvel of Machu Picchu?

Inca Civilization Signup and view all the answers

Who was the pharaoh associated with the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza?

King Khufu Signup and view all the answers

In which region did the Sumerian civilization develop?

Southern Mesopotamia Signup and view all the answers

The Parthenon was constructed to honor which Greek goddess?

Athena Parthenos Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization is recognized for its advanced engineering skills during ancient times?

Inca Civilization Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient civilization was located primarily in southeastern Europe?

Greek Civilization Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary purpose of the Great Pyramid of Giza?

A tomb Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of social science?

Study of human behavior in relation to society Signup and view all the answers

Which field of science is primarily concerned with the mathematical study of shapes and spaces?

Geometry Signup and view all the answers

How do science and technology relate to each other in development?

Science cannot develop without necessary technology infrastructure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of psychology in relation to technology?

It examines the interrelationship between human behavior and technology. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes sociology?

Study of human behavior and society's consequences. Signup and view all the answers

What does abstract science focus on?

Fundamental concepts that are not directly tied to practical uses. Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct impact of the integration of science and technology?

Increased economic strength of a country. Signup and view all the answers

What is demographic study concerned with?

Statistical analysis of populations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significant achievement of Babylonian mathematicians regarding circles?

They calculated the circumference as three times the diameter. Signup and view all the answers

Which metal alloy, primarily made of copper and tin, marked the beginning of the bronze age?

Bronze Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the earliest writing systems in human history that involved clay tablets?

Cuneiform Signup and view all the answers

Which ancient leader is known for founding the first Persian Empire?

Cyrus the Great Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tower of Babel traditionally said to be an attempt of humanity?

To reach the heavens Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about King Hammurabi is accurate?

He created one of the earliest known written legal codes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the Tachara Palace also known for?

Being the exclusive palace of Darius the Great Signup and view all the answers

What was significant about the Colosseum in ancient Roman civilization?

It was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. Signup and view all the answers

What significant impact did Johannes Gutenberg have on communication?

He introduced the movable-type printing press to Europe. Signup and view all the answers

What foundational concept in chemistry did John Dalton contribute to?

Atomic theory Signup and view all the answers

Which development is Carl Benz and Gottlieb Daimler most known for?

The development of the automobile Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific advancement is associated with Marie Curie's research?

The discovery of radioactive elements Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the Age of Industrialization?

The emergence of mechanization and industry Signup and view all the answers

What period did the Scientific Revolution primarily occur?

1540s - 1700s Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant consequence of the Second Industrial Revolution?

The emergence of new sources of energy like electricity Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement defines Industry 4.0?

The integration of physical, digital, and biological systems Signup and view all the answers

Which model did Nicolaus Copernicus propose that changed the understanding of the solar system?

The heliocentric model Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary energy source utilized during the First Industrial Revolution?

Water and steam power Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Science and Technology Overview

Science involves systematic knowledge creation through experimentation and observation.
Major fields of science include:
- Natural Science: Studies nature, including physical, biological, and geological phenomena.
- Social Science: Examines human behavior and society; includes disciplines like sociology and psychology.
- Abstract Science: Focuses on fundamental concepts and theories not tied to practical applications.
- Computer Science, Mathematics, and Philosophy are also recognized scientific fields.

Technology Definition

Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes, encompassing innovation in goods and services.
It is essential in enhancing the quality of life and productivity across societies.

Scientific Method Steps

Observation: Noting phenomena.
Identifying the Problem: Defining the area of inquiry.
Hypothesis: Proposing a possible solution.
Experimentation: Testing the hypothesis.
Conclusion: Drawing results from the experiments.

Historical Civilizations and Contributions

Olmec Civilization (1200-400 B.C.): Known for colossal sculpted heads made of basalt.
Egyptian Civilization (3100-30 B.C.): Led by pharaohs; famous for writing hieroglyphs and constructing the Great Pyramid of Giza.
Inca Civilization (1400-1533): Renowned for Machu Picchu, an iconic architectural feat.
Minoan Civilization (3000-1100 B.C.): Early civilization known for advanced trade and architecture.
Greek Civilization (1100-146 B.C.): Significant for constructing the Parthenon and advancements in arts and philosophy.
Persian Civilization (550 B.C.-651 A.D.): Established one of the largest empires in history, created significant architectural works like the Tachara Palace.
Roman Civilization (753 B.C.-476 A.D.): Known for monumental structures such as the Colosseum and contributions to law and engineering.

Key Scientific Developments through History

Cuneiform Writing: One of humanity's earliest writing systems from the Sumerians.
Hammurabi's Code: One of the oldest written legal codes established by the Babylonian king.
Bessemer Process: Revolutionized steel production in the 19th century.
Atomic Theory: Pioneered by John Dalton; foundational for modern chemistry.
Periodic Table: Developed by Dmitri Mendeleev, organizing elements by properties.

Industrial Revolutions

1st Industrial Revolution (1765-1840): Focused on mechanization, utilizing water and steam power.
2nd Industrial Revolution (1870): Marked by the rise of electricity and mass production techniques.
3rd Industrial Revolution (1969): Introduced nuclear energy and electronic automation.
Industry 4.0: The current transformation integrating digital technologies, the Internet, and biological intelligence.

Important Figures in Science and Technology

Nicolaus Copernicus: Proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system.
Galileo Galilei: Used telescopic observations to advance astronomy; known as the father of modern science.
Marie Curie: Discovered radioactive elements polonium and radium, contributing to medical advancements in radiation therapy.
Carl Benz & Gottlieb Daimler: Innovators in automobile development.

Importance of Science and Technology

Drives economic growth and productivity.
Advances medical practices and enhances overall societal living standards.

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Description

This midterm exam covers the historical antecedents of social considerations that have influenced the trajectory of science and technology. It emphasizes the relationship between social contexts and natural sciences, exploring themes like the study of rocks, planets, and energy. Prepare to engage with key concepts from both the social and natural science domains.