STS Midterm 7-9 PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING o In-city rail system (Manila Tranvia) o Paved roads and bridges HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE SCIENCE o Hospitals Pre-Colonial Period...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING o In-city rail system (Manila Tranvia) o Paved roads and bridges HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE SCIENCE o Hospitals Pre-Colonial Period (Prehistory-1565) American Era (1898-1946) o Science is observed in the way they interpret the movement of the heavenly bodies in predicting o The Americans did everything to “Americanize” the seasons and climates, and in organizing days into Philippines. They reorganized the learning of science months and years. They used science in preparing and introduced it in the public and private the soil for agricultural purposes and discovered the schools. In basic education, science education medicinal uses of plants. focuses on nature studies and science and o All of these ancient practices in science and sanitation, until it became a subject formally known technology are considered now as INDIGENOUS as “Science.” The teaching of science in higher SCIENCE OR FOLK SCIENCE education has also greatly improved and o Own belief system (Animist Faith) modernized. Researches were done to control o Community organization (Barangay) malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis and other tropical o Farming technology, irrigation, and domestication of diseases. animals o Established the public education system o Medicinal use of plants (Herbal Medicines) o Improved the engineering works and health o Engineering (e.g. Terraces of the Philippine conditions of the people established a modern Cordilleras) research university, UNIVERSITY OF THE o Mining of ores and metallurgy PHILIPPINES. o Trade with other civilizations o Created more public hospitals. o Writing system (e.g. Baybayin) o Mineral resources were explored and exploited o Weapons during the American times. o Sea-going vessels (e.g. Balangay) o Transportation and communication systems were o Musical instruments improved, though not accessible throughout the o Tattooing practice (e.g. Batok of the Butbut Tribe) country. o Laws Japanese Era (1942 and 1945) Spanish Era (1565-1898) o World War II has destabilized the development of o When the Spaniards colonized the country, they the country. Institutions and public facilities were brought with them their own culture and practices. burned and many lives were destroyed. The human They established schools for boys and girls and spirit to survive and to rebuild the country may be introduced the concept of subjects and disciplines. It strong but the capacity of the country to bring back was the beginning of formal science and technology what was destroyed was limited. in the country, known now as school of science and o Internal influences: survival, culture, economic technology. activities o The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. o External influences: foreign colonizers, trades with Only two galleons were used: One sailed from foreign countries, international economic demands Acapulco to Manila with some 500,000 pesos worth o Prioritizing of Opening Elementary Schools of goods, spending 120 days at sea; the other sailed o Reopening of Vocational & Normal Schools in from Manila to Acapulco with some 250,000 pesos Agriculture, Medicine, Fisheries, & Engineering worth of goods spending 90 days at sea. o Filipinos are engaged in the sale of food and o Catholicism medicine for aiding the Soldiers o Reorganization of the Barrios o Government Organization were Reorganized and o Spanish Language which influenced Filipino created to develop the natural resources if the Language Philippines o Stronger construction materials o Formal Education System (schools, colleges, and Post Colonial Period universities) o Modern Western Medicine o Establishment of DOST (Department of Science and o Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Technology), PAG-ASA (Philippine Atmospheric, o Railway (Ferrocarril de Manila-Dagupan) Geophysical and Astronomical Services 7  Administration), PHIVOLCS (Philippine Institute of Scientific and Technological Services Institutes Volcanology and Seismology), etc. o These institutes provide services that support o Modernization of the public education system research, industry, and government agencies. o First micro-satellites designed and built by Filipino They offer technical expertise, infrastructure, (Diwata-1) and facilities to assist in the application of o The Philippine Space Act science and technology. o Order of National Scientists – the highest honor bestowed by the Philippine Government for people a. Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and who have lasting contributions in the field of science Astronomical Services Administration and technology. (PAGASA) Provides weather, flood, climate, and astronomical services for the safety of Department of Science and Technology (DOST) the public, agriculture, and various industries. o The Department of Science and Technology is the b. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and executive department of the Philippine government Seismology (PHIVOLCS) Monitors seismic responsible for the coordination of science and and volcanic activities, providing crucial data technology-related projects in the Philippines and to to mitigate the effects of natural disasters. formulate policies and projects in the fields of science and technology in support of national development. ADVISORY BODIES o Advisory bodies provide strategic guidance and SECTORAL PLANNING COUNCILS counsel to DOST in terms of policy development, o These councils are responsible for setting priority setting, and aligning the national priorities, formulating policies, and providing scientific agenda with global trends. funding for various scientific and technological a. National Academy of Science and initiatives across key sectors. Technology (NAST) Composed of eminent scientists, this body provides advice on a. Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquatic science policy, honors outstanding and Natural Resources Research and achievements in science and technology, and Development (PCAARRD) Focuses on the helps advance the national scientific agenda. agriculture, aquatic, and natural resources b. Philippine Science and Technology sectors to develop technologies that Information Institute (PSTII) Manages the enhance productivity, sustainability, and country's science and technology competitiveness. information systems, making data and b. Philippine Council for Health Research and research accessible to policymakers, Development (PCHRD) Drives research and scientists, and the public. innovation in health and biomedical sciences. It supports the development of S&T AGENDA technologies and programs to improve The Science and Technology (S&T) Agenda of the healthcare in the Philippines Department of Science and Technology (DOST) outlines the strategic goals, research priorities, and initiatives Research and Development Institutes (RDIs) that guide the country’s scientific and technological o The RDIs are tasked with conducting research advancements. This agenda aligns with national and developing technologies in specific fields. development goals and addresses pressing societal They serve as hubs for innovation and challenges such as economic growth, environmental collaboration with academic institutions, sustainability, disaster risk management, health, and industries, and government bodies. industrial competitiveness. a. Advanced Science and Technology Institute (ASTI) Focuses on research in information and PROJECTS UNDER THE S&T AGENDA: communications technology, microelectronics, Project NOAH (Nationwide Operational Assessment of and space technology. Hazards) Project NOAH is a flagship program that uses b. Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) advanced weather monitoring and forecasting tools, Conducts research on food, nutrition, and health including Doppler radars, sensors, and satellite data. It to address malnutrition and develop dietary provides real-time data to predict floods, storm surges, guidelines and food technologies. and landslides, enhancing the country's disaster risk management capabilities. 8  Diwata & Maya Satellites Program DOST, in partnership o Has 16 branches in the country, with the main with the University of the Philippines and foreign branch in Diliman, Quezon City institutions, launched the Diwata-1 and Diwata-2 Special Science Elementary School (SSES) microsatellites to gather data for disaster risk o Established to cultivate children’s skills and management, environmental monitoring, agriculture, knowledge in science and mathematics through and national security. The Maya-1 and Maya-2 CubeSats an enriched curriculum are part of the country’s growing space program, aimed o Created through DepEd order 51 s. 2010 at fostering local talent in space technology. o There are currently 7 SSES in public schools in SETUP (Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading the National Capital Region Program) Through SETUP, DOST assists MSMEs by providing technology transfer, equipment upgrades, MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS training, and consultancy services. This program helps businesses across various sectors such as food o The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are 8 goals processing, furniture, agriculture, and textiles improve that were established in 2000 by the United Nations. UN their production processes and quality standards. member states agreed to try and achieve these goals by BIOTEK-M Dengue Detection Kit The BIOTEK-M is a 2015. These goals are: locally developed dengue detection kit that offers faster 1. Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger and cheaper diagnostics compared to traditional a. Science: Agricultural science and Social Science methods. It uses a DNA-based diagnostic system that can b. Technology: GMOs and infrastructure detect dengue within an hour, improving early detection development and management, especially in areas with high dengue 2. Achieve Universal Primary Education incidence. a. Science: Effective teaching methods and curriculum through science education SCIENCE EDUCATION b. Technology: Low-cost teaching and educational, What is Science Education? technology, and internet access. The means of teaching scientific knowledge, 3. Promote Gender equality and empower women concepts, and principles. Its objective is to cultivate a. Science: Policies against violence and gender and improve a student’s and the general public’s discrimination / political science scientific skills, knowledge, and thinking. b. Technology: Online social platforms Concepts of Science Education 4. Reduce Child Mortality Teaching Science a. Science: Medical Science and health science Learning Science b. Technology: Medical Equipment and Vaccines Understanding Science Objectives of Science Education 5. Improve Maternal Health Guide learners in learning about science a. Science: Obstetrics and Gynecology Develop understanding of scientific knowledge b. Technology: Ultrasound and cesarean Display the practicality and applicability of science 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria, and other diseases a. Science: Epidemiology and Health Science SCIENCE EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES b. Technology: Mosquito nets, vaccines, K-12 Basic Education Program antiretroviral therapy o Covers kindergarten and 12 years of basic 7. Ensure Environmental Sustainability education divided into 6 years of elementary, 4 a. Science: Environmental Science and Climatology years of secondary education, and 2 years of b. Technology: Renewable energies such as wind and senior high school with different academic solar. strands such as STEM 8. Develop a global partnership for development o Established through the signing of Republic Act a. Science: Research collaborations in technology 10533 by President Benigno Aquino III and development through globalization. o Regulated by the Department of Education b. Technology: Internet and other Information and (DepEd) Communication Technologies. Philippine Science High School System o Service institute of the Department of Science SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS and Technology and a research-oriented public o During the United Nations convention held in Rio de science high school. Janeiro in 2012, the UN created/developed another set o Established through RA 3661 in June 22, 1963 of goals called the Sustainable Development Goals as the MDG’s successor to be achieved by the year 2030. 9