STS Chap 1 Lesson 2.pdf

SLIDESMANIA.COM SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING SLIDESMANIA.COM PRE-COLONIZATION ERA The history of science and technology in the Philippines started way back before the country gained its independence from...

SLIDESMANIA.COM SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING SLIDESMANIA.COM PRE-COLONIZATION ERA The history of science and technology in the Philippines started way back before the country gained its independence from colonizers. The early inhabitants of the archipelago had their own culture and traditions. They had their own belief system and indigenious knowledge system that keeps them organized and sustained their lives and communities for many years. SLIDESMANIA.COM PRE-COLONIZATION ERA Scientific knowledge is observed in: Ø the way they plant their crops that provide them food, in taking care of animals to help them in their daily tasks, and for food production. Ø the way they interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates, and in organizing days into months and years. Ø preparing the soil for agricultural purposes and like any other ancient cultures, they discovered the medicinal uses of plants. SLIDESMANIA.COM PRE-COLONIZATION ERA Technology is obsevered by: Ø building houses, irrigations, and in developing tools that they can use in everyday life. Ø developed tools for planting, hunting, cooking, and fishing; for fighting their enemies during war or tribal conflicts; and for transportation, both on land and on waterways. Ø developed technologies in creating musical instruments SLIDESMANIA.COM PRE-COLONIZATION ERA Archeological artifacts discovered prove that the Metal Age also had a significant influence on the lives of early Filipinos. The sophisticated designs of gold and silver jewelry, ceramics, and metal tools proved that their technological ideas helped in the development of different tools. Trading with China, Indonesia, Japan, and other nearby countries have influenced their lives by providing different opportunities for cultural and technological exchange. v Indegious Science or Folk Science SLIDESMANIA.COM SPANISH COLONIZATION They brought with them their own culture and practices. They established schools for boys and girls and introduced the concept of subjects and disciplines. It was the beginning of formal science and technology in the country─school of science and technology. Learning of science in school focuses on understanding different concepts related to the human body, plants, animals, and heavenly bodies. Technology focuses on using and developing house tools used in everyday life. SLIDESMANIA.COM SPANISH COLONIZATION Life slowly became modernized, adapting some Western technology and their ways of life. The Filipinos developed ways to replicate the technology brought by the Spaniards using indigenous materials. Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and universities. The galleon trade has brought additional technology and development in the Philippines. These trades allowed other ideas, crops, tools, cultural practices, technology, and Western practices to reach the country. SLIDESMANIA.COM SPANISH COLONIZATION Filipino students who were able to study in Europe also contributed to the advancement of medicine, engineering, arts, music, and literature in the country. Superstitious beliefs of the people and the Catholic doctrines and practices during the Spanish era halted the growth of science in the country. SLIDESMANIA.COM AMERICAN COLONIZATION The Americans have more influence in the development of science and technology in the Philippines compared to the Spaniards. They established the public education system, improved the engineering works and the health conditions of the people. They established a modern research university and created more public hospitals. The mineral resources of the country were also explored and exploited during the American times. Transportation and communication systems were improved. SLIDESMANIA.COM AMERICAN COLONIZATION They reorganized the learning of science and introduced it in public and private schools. In basic education, science education focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation, until it became a subject formally known as "Science." The teaching of science in higher education has also greatly improved and modernized. Researches were done to control malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis and other tropical diseases. SLIDESMANIA.COM AMERICAN COLONIZATION The desire of the Americans to develop the human resources of the Philippines to serve their own interests is beneficial in the country. The Protestant church missions in different places in the country also brought hospitals and schools to far-flung areas. SLIDESMANIA.COM JAPANESE OCCUPATION World War Il has destabilized the development of the country in many ways. Institutions and public facilities were turned into ashes, houses were burned, and many lives vere destroyed. The reparation funds focused on building some institutions and public facilities like schools, hospitals, and transportation systems. The reparation money from Japan was also concentrated on building highways ana in providing technological training and human resource development in the country. SLIDESMANIA.COM PRESENT Since the establishment of the new republic, the whole nation has been focusing on using its limited resources in improving its science and technological capability. It has explored the use of ODA or Overseas Development Allocations from different countries to help the country improve its scientific productivity and technological capability. Human resource development is at the heart of these efforts focusing on producing more engineers, scientists, technology experts, doctors, and other professionals in the country,  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The Philippine government introduced and implemented several programs, projects, and policies to boost the area of science and technology. The goal is to prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST), has sought the expertise of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP) to consult various sectors in the society to study how the Philippines can prepare itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The Philippine government introduced and implemented several programs, projects, and policies to boost the area of science and technology. The goal is to prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a world driven by science. The Department of Science and Technology (DOST), has sought the expertise of the National Research Council of the Philippines (NCRP) to consult various sectors in the society to study how the Philippines can prepare itself in meeting the ASEAN 2015 Goals.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The NCRP clustered these policies into four: 1. Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies and Governance Ø Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without adding to the curriculum Ø Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue Ø Developing school infrastructure and providing for ICT broadband Ø Local food security  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2. Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space Sciences, and Mathematics Ø Emphasizing degrees, licenses,and employment opportunities Ø Outright grants for peer monitoring Ø Review of R.A. 9184 Ø Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover of development  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 3. Medical, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Ø Ensuring compliance of drug-manufacturing firms with ASEAN- harmonized standards by full implementation of the Food and Drug Administration Ø Creating an education council dedicated standardization of pharmaceutical services and care to Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-based research as pool of information Ø Allocating two percent (2%) of the GDP to research Ø Legislating a law supporting human genome projects  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 4. Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry Ø Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation of existing laws Ø Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries Ø Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous people's conservation Ø Formulation of common food and safety standards  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY There are also other existing programs supported by the Philippine government through the DOST. Some of these projects are the following: q Providing funds for basic research and patents related to science and technology. The government funds basic and applied researches. Funding of these research and projects are also from the Overseas Development Aid (ODA) from different countries. q Providing scholarships for undergraduate and graduate studies of students in the field of science and technology.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY q Establishing more branches of the Philippine Science High School System for training young Filipinos in the field of science and technology. q Creating science and technology parks to encourage academe and industry partnerships. q Balik Scientist Program to encourage Filipino scientists abroad to come home and work in the Philippines or conduct research and projects in collaboration with Philippine-based scientists. q Developing science and technology parks in academic campuses to encourage academe and industry partnerships.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY q The establishment of the National Science Complex and National Engineering Complex within the University of the Philippines campus in Diliman. These aimed to develop more science and technology and engineering manpower resources needed by the country. They also aimed to produce more researches in these fields.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The Philippine-American Academy of Science and Engineering identified several capacity-building programs such as: q Establishment of national centers of excellence. q Manpower and institutional development programs, such as the Engineering and Science Education Program (ESEP) to produce more PhD graduates in science and engineering. q Establishment of regional centers to support specific industries that will lead the country in different research and development areas.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY q Establishment of science and technology business centers to assist, advice, and incubate technopreneurship ventures. q Strengthen science education at an early stage through the Philippine Science High School system.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY In the field of education, several science-related programs and projects were created to develop the scientific literacy of the country. Special science classes were organized and special science elementary schools were established in different regions. The current K to 12 education program included Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) as one of its major tracks in the senior high school program to encourage more students to enroll in science-related fields in college.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Lately, CHED launched its Philippine-California Advanced Research Institutes (PICARI) Project to allow several higher education institutions in the Philippines and some US-based laboratories, research institutes, and universities to work on research and projects related to science, agriculture, engineering, health, andtechnology. This project is hoped to strengthen the STEM competitiveness of the country.  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Fields that the country is looking forward to embark: 1. Use of alternative and safe energy 2. Harnessing mineral resources 3. Finding cure for various diseases and illness 4. Climate change and global warming 5. Increasing food production 6. Preservation of natural resources 7. Coping with natural disasters and calamities 8. Infrastructure development  SLIDESMANIA.COM GOVERNMENT POLICIES ON SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY The Philippine Congress has also created various laws related to science and technology. These laws vary according to different themes such as: conservation, health-related, technology-building, and supporting basic rescarch, among others. Some laws and policies are in line with international treaties such as ne United Nations (UN), United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and other international agencies.  SLIDESMANIA.COM FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE Lee-Chua (2000) identified 10 outstanding Filipino scientists who have made significant contributions in Philippine science. These Filipinos are: 1. Ramon Cabanos Barba- for his outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes 2. Josefino Cacas Comiso- for his works on observing the characteristics of Antarctica by using satellite images 3. Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.- known internationally in the field of electrical engineering; was elected as officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering  SLIDESMANIA.COM FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE 4. Lourdes Jansuy Cruz- notable for her research on sea snail venom 5. Fabian Millar Dayrit- for his research on herbal medicine 6. Rafael Dineros Guerrero Ill- for his research on tilapia culture 7. Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.- for inventing the meconium drugs testing 8. Lilian Formalejo Patena- for doing research on plant biotechnology 9. Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz- for being an outstanding educator and graph theorist  SLIDESMANIA.COM FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE 10. Gregory Ligot Tangonan- for his research in the field of communications technology  SLIDESMANIA.COM FAMOUS FILIPINOS IN THE FIELD OF SCIENCE There are other outstanding Filipino scientists who are recognized here and abroad for their outstanding contributions in science: § Caesar A. Saloma- an internationally renowned physicist § Edgardo Gomez- famous scientist in marine science § William Padolina- chemistry and president of National Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)-Philippines § Angel Alcala- marine science