Science and Technology in the Philippines PDF

GROUP 2 LESSON 2 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES BALUCA | DELIYOS | GOMEZ | RAMIREZ | VARGAS  Objectives Describe how science and technology in the Philippines 01 has evolved over time Identify the influence of colonization to the science 02 and technology of the...

GROUP 2 LESSON 2 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES BALUCA | DELIYOS | GOMEZ | RAMIREZ | VARGAS  Objectives Describe how science and technology in the Philippines 01 has evolved over time Identify the influence of colonization to the science 02 and technology of the country Describe the huge role of education in the 03 development of Philippine science and technology. Learning Outcomes Discuss significant events in the development of Science and Technology in the Philippines during: Pre-Colonial Period Spanish Regime American Regime Commonwealth Period Japanese Regime Period Since Independence Pre-Colonial Period  Precolonial Period It was considered to be the period of modern science and technology in the Philippines. Religious orders played the great influenced in the development resulted to political and socio-economic changes which had a huge contribution to the history of the country.  Precolonial Period Filipino Ancestors already engaged in activities and practices that are linked in Science and Technology. They were already engaged in: Agriculture, shipbuilding, mining, and weaving  Precolonial Period Agriculture Ancient Filipinos already knew how to farm before the arrival of the Spaniards The Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos.  Precolonial Period Shipbuilding Filipinos created good technology in shipbuilding in 1000AD and it was used mainly for transportation, fishing, and trading. There are these kind of boats namely “Balangay” and “Karakoa” which mainly used as trading ships up until the colonial era.  Precolonial Period Mining Our ancestors are experts in mining. The minerals that they’ve always got--gold, etc-- was mainly used for body ornaments and making tools and equipment Weaving Weaving is part of our early history  Precolonial Period Our ancestors depends on the phases of the moon or “Buan” to tell the time. They also determine the Sunrise and Sunset as the start and end of the day. They already had an alphabet, number system, and weighing and measuring system Early Filipinos had a deep knowledge of medicinal plants and herbal remedies. Babaylans or Albularyos often performs these kind of healing practices and rituals and also use plants as medicine. Spanish Regime  Spanish Regime The Spanish regime refers to the period of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines, which lasted from the early 16th century to the late 19th century.  Spanish Regime Key Aspects of Spanish Rule Colonization and Conversion : The Spanish colonized the Philippines to establish political and religious control, aiming to convert the indigenous population to Catholicism. Economic Exploitation : The Spanish exploited the Philippines' resources through forced labor and tribute, focusing mainly on agriculture and trade. Social and Cultural Influence : The Spanish introduced their culture, language, and customs to the Philippines, creating a blend of indigenous and Western influences.  Spanish Regime Key Aspects of Spanish Rule Educational Institutions : The Spanish established universities and seminaries in the Philippines to spread their language and religion. Resistance and Revolutions : Many indigenous uprisings in response to oppressive policies and exploitation.  Spanish Regime Impact of Spanish Rule Cultural Heritage : The Spanish colonial period significantly shaped Filipino culture, leaving a lasting legacy in language, religion, architecture, and traditions. Infastracture Development : The Spanish built roads, bridges, and other infrastructure, improving connectivity within the archipelago. Educational System : The establishment of educational institutions laid the foundation for the development of a literate population. Social Inequality : Spanish rule often reinforced existing social hierarchies and inequalities, benefiting Spanish settlers and the elite at the expense of the indigenous population. American Regime American Regime The arrival of Thomasistes in the Philippines The Thomasites were a group of American teachers who arrived in the Philippines on August 21, 1901, They were sent by the U.S. government as part of the American colonial administration's efforts to establish a public education system in the Philippines after the Spanish and American War. The Thomasites played a significant role in influencing the Philippines' cultural and educational development.  American Regime September 1, 1901 - Philippine Normal University (PNU)  American Regime Philippines School of Arts and Trades Manila - Technological university of the philippines(TUP) - 1901  American Regime remarkable events and advancement in the Philippines Science and Technology This period marked the rapid advancement of Science and Technology in the Philippines. The contributing factors are as follows: ⚬ Encouragement and support of the government for an extensive public education ⚬ Scholarship grants in science and engineering ⚬ Organization and establishment of science research agencies ⚬ Establishment of science-based public services  American Regime remarkable events and advancement in the Philippines Science and Technology The following activities paved way for the development of science and technology in different sectors of the country: ⚬ Secularized public education ⚬ Department of public instruction offering free primary education with English as medium of instruction ⚬ Philippine Normal School was put up to serve as the training ground for Filipino teachers ⚬ Secondary schools opened in 1902. ⚬ There was an advanced training abroad for Filipinos to replaced foreign faculty in the Philippines ⚬ The demand for professional education was increased Commonwealth Period Commonwealth Period The Philippines, had been a U.S. colony since 1898, following the Spanish-American War Tydings-McDuffie Act in 1934, which laid the groundwork for the formation of a Philippine Commonwealth government with a ten-year transition period.  Commonwealth Period The Commonwealth Government EXECUTIVE - Enforces laws and manages government operations; led by the President. LEGISLATIVE – Makes laws; typically consists of two chambers (Senate and House of Representatives). JUDICIAL – Interprets laws (judicial system) Supreme Court  Commonwealth Period Commonwealth of the Philippines established on November 15, 1935, was signed by US Pres. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the first President of the Philippine Commonwealth. The ten-year transitional period was intended to give the Philippines time to prepare for full independence.  Commonwealth Period Major achievements of the Philippine Commonwealth National Language - Selection of Tagalog as the basis for the national language Women’s Suffrage - Granting women the right to vote and participate in the democratic process Economic Recovery - Successful efforts in revitalizing the economy amidst the Great Depression Philippine Army - Establishment of a national military institution  Commonwealth Period Beginning of the country’s transformation to a politically independent nation. Article XIII, section 4 stating that “The State shall promote scientific research and invention, arts and letters shall be under its patronage…”Schools both private and public was given a change to do some expansion.  Commonwealth Period However.... World War II disrupted this timeline, as the country was invaded and occupied by Japanese forces in 1942. ⚬ December 7, 1941 – Pearl Harbor in Hawaii was bombed by the Japanese. ⚬ 1942 - The Battle of Bataan and the Fall of Corregidor lead to the surrender of American and Filipino forces. ￭ Gen. Douglas MacArthur was forced to abandon the Philippine Island fortress of Corregidor under orders from President Franklin Roosevelt in March 1942. ￭ He issued a statement to the press in which he promised his men and the people of the Philippines, “I shall return.” Japanese Regime  Japanese Regime The Japanese regime in the Philippines, which lasted from 1942 to 1945 during World War II, was marked by significant military occupation and harsh governance, resulting in widespread suffering among the Filipino population.  Japanese Regime The Japanese implemented a range of policies aimed at exploiting the country's resources, often leading to forced labor and severe restrictions on civil liberties, which fueled resistance movements across the archipelago. Despite the oppressive conditions, the period also saw the emergence of guerrilla warfare and the strengthening of national identity among Filipinos, ultimately contributing to the country's post-war independence movement Period Since Independence Period Since Independence The Philippines was liberated by the U.S. and Filipino forces in 1944 -45. The country regained its independence in 1946\ The six new institute were opened: ￭ National Institute of Physics ￭ National Institute of Geological Science ￭ National Institute of Natural Science Research ￭ National Institute of Chemistry ￭ National Institute of Biology ￭ National Institute of Mathematical Science Thank you for GROUP 2 listening! BALUCA | DELIYOS | GOMEZ | RAMIREZ | VARGAS