Structural Linguistics and Behavioral Psychology PDF

Structural ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Linguistics and Behavioral Psychology  PRAYER ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )  ATTENDANCE ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )  LET’S PLAY A GAME ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )...

Structural ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Linguistics and Behavioral Psychology  PRAYER ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )  ATTENDANCE ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )  LET’S PLAY A GAME ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Structural Linguistics ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) STRUCTURAL start ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) LINGUISTICS a linguistics approach that analyzes language as a system of relationships between its elements, such as sounds and concepts. The principle was first stated clearly, for linguistics by the Swiss Scholar Ferdinand de Saussure(1857-1913)  PROPONENT ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) A Swiss Linguist, Semotician and a Philosopher He laid for the ground work for Structuralism and Modern Linguistics Father of Semiology Ferdinand de Saussure  is any motion, gesture, image, sound, pattern or event that SIGN ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) conveys meaning ) ) ) ) ) ) Signified Signifier the meaning or the physical form or concept sound ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ANOTHER EXAMPLE Signifier Signified Tree A large woody plant Car A four-wheeled road vehicle Book A written or printed work consisting of pages ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) KEY IDEAS Contents 01 Langue 02 Parole refers to language as a system spoken or written that includes grammar, examples that vocabulary and rules. individual produce 03 Synchrony study of language at a 04 Diachrony historical development specific or particular and changes of point in time language over time ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) KEY IDEAS Contents 05 Syntagmatic Example refers to the sequence The cat chased the mouse or order in which words appear in a sentence The mouse chased the or text. Any alterations cat to the word can change the meaning of the sentence. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) KEY IDEAS Contents 06 Paradigmatic Example refers to the The big dog barked at the cat associations between words or elements Big- large or huge that could potentially replace each other in a given context ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Any Question? ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Ice breaker ICE BREAKER ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) BEHAVIORAL PSYCHOLOGY a theory suggesting that environment shapes human behavior. Main focus of Behavioral Psychology understanding and modifying individuals thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.  JOHN B. WATSON ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Father of Behavioral Psychology, studies the relation Proponent between environment and human behavior ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) STIMULUS REACTION trigger to a reaction or the result to a trigger behavioral change caused by a stimulus  BURRHUS FREDERIC SKINNER ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Proponent of Operant Conditioning Proponent ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) OPERANT ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CONDITIONING behavioral technique that uses reinforcements and punishment to pair a behavior with a consequences. Reinforcers- increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated Punishments- decrease the likelihood of a behavior ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) OPERANT ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CONDITIONING Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement to encourage a 01 behavior something is added 02 to encourage a behavior something is taken away Positive Punishment Negative Punishment to discourage a 03 behavior something 04 to discourage a behavior something is added is taken away ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) EXAMPLE Positive Reinforcement Negative Reinforcement a reward is given to exemption at a quiz are those who will given to those who will buy a ticket to the recite concert ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) EXAMPLE Positive Punishment Negative Punishment the students were a student was being distracted by using noisy so the their phone during teachers gave their class so the them a quiz teacher took it ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CLASSICAL CONDITIONING technique frequently used in a behavioral training in which a neutaral stimulus is paired with a naturally occuring stimulus  IVAN PAVLOV ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Proponent of Classical Conditioning Proponent ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) UNCONDITIONED ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) RESPONSE an automatic reaction to a stimulus that occurs naturally without any prior learning or training ex. jumping at a sudden loud noise ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CONDITIONED ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) RESPONSE a behavior that does not come naturally, but must be learned ex. a dog running for food when the bell rings ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) NEUTRAL ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) STIMULUS is an object, event or situation thath initally does not provoke any significant response ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) UNCONDITIONED ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) STIMULUS stimulus that naturally, automatically and almost immediately trigger an unconditioned response ex. tickling generates laughter ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) CONDITIONED ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) STIMULUS a substitute stimulus that triggers the same response in an organism as an unconditioned stimulus. ex. the recess bell means students can leave the class ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Structural Linguistics Behavioral Psychology -descriptive -describe human languages and -empirical -focused on responses that are to identify their structural objectively perceived, recorded, and characteristics measured -interested in overly observable -notions such as intuition, memory, data, ignoring the mind and thinking are ignored -language is broken down to -learning a behavior small units  Ready? ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Quiz Quiz time time let’s let’s see what you got. Don’t fool yourself. yourself. ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) Thank You by Group 1 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) References slideshare.net scribd.com structural linguistics by nasrullah mambrol Last Sem PPT from Mercado and Nofies