STM 007 Module 1 PDF - Theories About the Origin of Life

THE THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE STM 007 | GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 | MODULE 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify what theory on the origin of life is described based on a given picture. 2. Explain the features of the different theories about the origin of life using my own words. Produ...

THE THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF LIFE STM 007 | GENERAL BIOLOGY 1 | MODULE 1 LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Identify what theory on the origin of life is described based on a given picture. 2. Explain the features of the different theories about the origin of life using my own words. Productivity Tip: To help you familiarize the theories of the origin of life, recite six important terms and their key features before sleeping tonight. The study of living organisms such as plants, animals, and microorganisms is an active area of Biology.  Question ❑ How will you define life? ❑ How do you think life started? Activity 1: What I Know Chart Answer the first column (What I Know) by writing your thoughts about the questions provided in the second column. You may write keywords or phrases which you think are related to the questions. Six major theories are proposed to explain the origin of life on Earth. What is a theory? theory is a widely accepted explanation of a biological phenomenon based on sound evidence from rigorous empirical experiments and scientific observations.  Divine Creation - proposes that life on earth is created by a Theory supernatural power, the GOD Proponent: Religion/Christian belief - God created the universe, planets, animals, plants, and humans in six natural days. Beliefs in the theory of special creation: 1. All living organisms were created on the same day. [No difference in their appearance]. 2. They were created in the present form. [No evolution]. 3. Their bodies and organs are fully developed to meet the requirements to run life. [No adaptation] Abiogenesis - also known as Spontaneous Generation Theory Theory - assumes that non-living material in a spontaneous Proponent: Alexander Oparin & manner gives rise to life J.B.S. Haldane Observations that support this theory: 1. The hair of a horse tail dipped in the water gives rise to a horsehair worm, Gordius. 2. Fly larvae develop on rotten meat. 3. Van Helmont claimed that he could produce mice from the dirty shirt and handful of wheat grains kept in a dark cupboard in 3 weeks. Biogenesis - according to this theory, life can arise from pre-existing Theory living things. Proponent: Louis Pasteur Note: Lazzaro Spallanzani, Francisco Redi, and Louis Pasteur performed well-designed scientific experiments to disprove the theory of spontaneous generations.  Redi’s Experiment to disprove the theory of abiogenesis. Francesco Redi  Spallanzani’s Experiment to disprove the theory of abiogenesis. Lazarro Spallanzani  Pasteur’s Experiment to disprove the theory of abiogenesis. Louis Pasteur Theory of - assumes that life originated by creation and is Catastrophism followed by catastrophe due to geographical disturbances. Proponent: Bishop James Ussher & Baron Georges Cuvier Note: Each catastrophe destroyed life completely, whereas each creation forms life differently from the previous one. Theory of - also known as Theory of Panspermia or Apore Theory - assumes that life was present in the form of resistant Cosmozoic spores and appeared on Earth from another planet. Proponent: Richter & Arrhenius - these spores grew and evolved into different organisms. Note: This theory does not add much to the fundamental details about the origin of life. No scientific experiments support this theory.  - also known as Steady State Theory Theory of - assumes that life has no beginning or end. Eternity of Life - believes that life has always existed and will Proponent: Hermann Bondi, continue to be so. Thomas Gold, & - no question of the origin of life as it has no Fred Hoyle beginning or end. Note: The main objection against this theory is that it could not explain evidence supporting the formation of Earth, and then life appeared on it. FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Which of the 6 theories provided is favored most by the scientific community? ANSWER: Biogenesis theory was favored most by the scientific community. The term ‘biogenesis’ comes from ‘bio’ meaning ‘life’, and ‘genesis’, meaning ‘beginning’. Any Questions? ACTIVITY TIME! INSTRUCTIONS: The class will be divided into 5 groups, each consisting of 10 members. Each group will form a single line. The teacher will show a series of 10 pictures related to the topic. Each member of the group will take turns identifying the theory depicted in each picture. The group’s final score will be the sum of the correct answers given by all group members. 1 ANSWER: DIVINE CREATION THEORY  Divine Creation - proposes that life on earth is created by a Theory supernatural power, the GOD Proponent: Religion/Christian belief - God created the universe, planets, animals, plants, and humans in six natural days. Beliefs in the theory of special creation: 1. All living organisms were created on the same day. [No difference in their appearance]. 2. They were created in the present form. [No evolution]. 3. Their bodies and organs are fully developed to meet the requirements to run life. [No adaptation] 2 ANSWER: THEORY OF CATASTROPHISM Theory of - assumes that life originated by creation and is Catastrophism followed by catastrophe due to geographical disturbances. Proponent: Bishop James Ussher & Baron Georges Cuvier Note: Each catastrophe destroyed life completely, whereas each creation forms life differently from the previous one. 3 ANSWER: ABIOGENESIS THEORY Abiogenesis - also known as Spontaneous Generation Theory Theory - assumes that non-living material in a spontaneous Proponent: Alexander Oparin & manner gives rise to life J.B.S. Haldane Observations that support this theory: 1. The hair of a horse tail dipped in the water gives rise to a horsehair worm, Gordius. 2. Fly larvae develop on rotten meat. 3. Their Van Helmont claimed that he could produce mice from the dirty shirt and handful of wheat grains kept in a dark cupboard in 3 weeks. 4 ANSWER: THEORY OF CATASTROPHISM 5 ANSWER: BIOGENESIS THEORY Biogenesis - according to this theory, life can arise from pre-existing Theory living things. Proponent: Louis Pasteur Note: Lazzaro Spallanzani, Francisco Redi, and Louis Pasteur performed well-designed scientific experiments to disprove the theory of spontaneous generations. 6 ANSWER: THEORY OF COSMOZOIC Theory of - also known as Theory of Panspermia or Apore Theory - assumes that life was present in the form of resistant Cosmozoic spores and appeared on Earth from another planet. Proponent: Richter & Arrhenius - these spores grew and evolved into different organisms. Note: This theory does not add much to the fundamental details about the origin of life. No scientific experiments support this theory. 7 ANSWER: THEORY OF ETERNITY OF LIFE  - also known as Steady State Theory Theory of - assumes that life has no beginning or end. Eternity of Life - believes that life has always existed and will Proponent: Hermann Bondi, continue to be so. Thomas Gold, & - no question of the origin of life as it has no Fred Hoyle beginning or end. Note: The main objection against this theory is that it could not explain evidence supporting the formation of Earth, and then life appeared on it. 8 ANSWER: DIVINE CREATION THEORY 9 ANSWER: THEORY OF COSMOZOIC 10 ANSWER: BIOGENESIS THEORY  Redi’s Experiment to disprove the theory of abiogenesis. Francesco Redi  Spallanzani’s Experiment to disprove the theory of abiogenesis. Lazarro Spallanzani  Pasteur’s Experiment to disprove the theory of abiogenesis. Louis Pasteur Any Questions? FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS Which of the 6 theories provided is favored most by the scientific community? ANSWER: Biogenesis theory was favored most by the scientific community. The term ‘biogenesis’ comes from ‘bio’ meaning ‘life’, and ‘genesis’, meaning ‘beginning’. THANK YOU!