Earth and Life Science SHS 15.1 The Evolving Concept of Life PDF

Lesson 15.1 The Evolving Concept of Life Objective enumerate theories sAt the end 1 that explain how life emerged on Earth; of this and lesson, you explain how life should be 2 formed and evolved. able to:  Learn about it! Life Science This...

Lesson 15.1 The Evolving Concept of Life Objective enumerate theories sAt the end 1 that explain how life emerged on Earth; of this and lesson, you explain how life should be 2 formed and evolved. able to:  Learn about it! Life Science This is a collection of disciplines that is made up of theories and principles that tackle living organisms. A mangrove swamp has many organisms in it  Learn about it! Characteristics of Organisms They respond to their environment. They grow and develop. They are capable of reproduction. They exhibit metabolism. They maintain homeostasis. They are made up of cells.  Learn about it! Response to Environment Living things respond to changes around them to survive. Plants respond to changes in the environment  Learn about it! Growth and Development Growth is an increase in size, development is the differentiation of cells for specialization. Humans grow and develop from the womb.  Learn about it! Capable of Reproduction Reproduction refers to the creation of offspring. Sperm and egg cell  Learn about it! Exhibit Metabolism Metabolism refers to the total chemical reactions in an organism. Chemical structure of myoglobin  Learn about it! Maintain Homeostasis Homeostasis is the body’s state of equilibrium. Huddling for warmth  Learn about it! Made of Cells All organisms are made of cells which are the basic units of life. Blood cells There are several theories as to how life on Earth began.  Learn about it! ABIOGENESIS BIOGENESIS Also known as States that, every living spontaneous thing came from a generation. pre-existing living States that, life can thing. arise from non-living things.  Learn about it! Spontaneous Generation The theory of spontaneous generation described that life comes from lifeless or non- living material through a mysterious process. Spontaneous generation  Learn about it! 1. ARISTOTLE Greek scientist and philosopher. He proposed the spontaneous generation theory or Abiogenesis 384-322 B.C.E  Learn about it! 2. JAN BAPTIST VAN HELMONT 17 TH century Flemish Scientist, proposed that mice could arise form rags and wheat kernels left in an open container for 3 weeks.  Learn about it! 3. FRANCESCO REDI 1626-1697 Italian scientist He demonstrated that maggots do not just appear spontaneously, but are produced from the eggs of flies. He disproved the Spontaneous Generation of Aristotle  Learn about it! 3. FRANCESCO REDI  Learn about it! 4. JOHN TURBERVILLE NEEDHAM 1713-1781 English Biologist He proved that spontaneous generation can occur under the right conditions.  Learn about it! 4. JOHN TURBERVILLE NEEDHAM Flaw with his Conclusion: Life arose experiment: spontaneously The flask was from not the broth sealed itself, and even was after boiling, because exposed to microorganisms the air. were still present.  Learn about it! 5. LAZZARO SPALLANZANI 1729-1799 Italian scholar He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.  Learn about it! 5. LAZZARO SPALLANZANI Conclusion: Life doesn't arise spontaneously but comes from microorganisms in the air. His sealed flasks, preventing air entry, remained sterile, while open ones grew microbes.  Learn about it! 6. LOUIS PASTEUR 1822-1895 French chemist and microbiologist He disproved the theory of spontaneous generation.  Learn about it! 6. LOUIS PASTEUR  Learn about it! 6. LOUIS PASTEUR  Learn about it! 6. LOUIS PASTEUR Pasteur articulated “Omne vivum ex vivo” (Life only comes from life) Pasteur recounted his famous swan-neck flask experiment, stating that “life is a germ and a germ is life”  Learn about it! Panspermia This states that life on Earth was seeded from a celestial source. A meteorite  Learn about it! Primordial Soup Theory Proponents:  Alexander Oparin  John Haldane According to this theory, life started in a primordial soup of organic molecules. The primordial soup theory  Learn about it! Primordial Soup Theory The theory states that if energy is added to the gases that made up Earth's early atmosphere, the building blocks of life would be created. These monomers would collect in pools of water, creating a soup. Eventually the monomers would bond, creating polymers, and the polymers would join to create early life forms. The primordial soup theory Key Points Life science is a collection of disciplines that 1 tackle living things. 2 An individual living creature is termed as an organism. All living organisms are capable of reproduction, growth and development, adaptation, movement, 3 exhibiting metabolism, and maintaining homeostasis.  Check Your Understanding Using the Venn diagram below, compare the three prevailing theories on the origin of life.  Challenge Yourself Do you agree with Louis Pasteur’s experiment in disproving spontaneous generation theory? Why?  Bibliography Aleksandr Ivanovich Oparin. 2003.The Origin of Life. Massachusetts: Courier Corporation. Matthew S. Dodd, Dominic Papineau, Tor Grenne, John F. Slack, Martin Rittner, Franco Pirajno, Jonathan O’Neil & Crispin T. S. Little. 2017. Evidence for early life in Earth’s oldest hydrothermal vent precipitates. Nature: 543, pages 60–64. Larry L. Hench. 2001. Science, Faith, and Ethics.Singapore: World Scientific. Lisa A. Shiel. 2009. The Evolution Conspiracy, Vol 1: Exposing Life’s Inexplicable Origins and the Cult of Darwin.Texas: Jacobsville Books. Sandra Alters. 2000.Biology: Understanding Life. Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning. Shri Hemant Roy. 2005.Comprehensive MCQs in Biology.New Delhi: Golden Bells. Rakesh Kumar Rastogi. 2007. Concepts of Biology XII. New Delhi: Rastogi Publications.  Photo Credits Slide 9: Smallhuddle.jpg by Blalonde, is licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons  Bibliography Peter J. Russell, Paul E Hertz, and Beverly McMillan. 2016. Biology: The Dynamic Science, Boston: Cengage Learning. Jason P. Schrum, Ting F. Zhu, and Jack W. Szostak. 2010. The Origins of Cellular Life. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives Biology.