Std05_Term_I_English - www.tntextbooks.in.pdf

www.tntextbooks.in தமிழ்நாடு அரசு ஐந்தாம் வகுப்பு முதல் பருவம் த ொகுதி 1 தமிழ் ENGLISH தமிழ்நாடு அரசு விலையில்லாப் பாடநூல் வழங்க...

www.tntextbooks.in தமிழ்நாடு அரசு ஐந்தாம் வகுப்பு முதல் பருவம் த ொகுதி 1 தமிழ் ENGLISH தமிழ்நாடு அரசு விலையில்லாப் பாடநூல் வழங்கும் திட்டத்தின்கீழ் வெளியிடப்பட்டது பள்ளிக் கல்வித்துறை தீண்டாமை மனித நேயமற்ற செயலும் பெருங்குற்றமும் ஆகும்  www.tntextbooks.in தமிழ்நாடு அரசு முதல் பதிப்பு - 2019 (புதிய பாடத்திட்டத்தின்கீழ் வெளியிடப்பட்ட முப்பருவ நூல்) விற்பனைக்கு அன்று பாடநூல் உருவாக்கமும் த ொகுப்பும் ாய்ச்சி மற்று ஆர ம் ல் பயி ய நிலக் ல்வியி ற்சி நிறுவனம் க அறிவுைடயார் எல்லாம் உைடயார் மா. ெ 6 ச ன் 0 ை ன 600 0 - மாநிலக் கல்வியியல் ஆராய்ச்சி மற்றும் பயிற்சி நிறுவனம் © SCERT 2019 நூல் அச்சாக்கம் க ற ்க கசடற தமிழ்நாடு பாடநூல் மற்றும் கல்வியியல் பணிகள் கழகம் www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in IIII www.tntextbooks.in  www.tntextbooks.in Preface The English Language textbook has been designed to enable a fun-filled and engaging experience in learning the language. The approach allows for plenty of practice in the four language skills. It focuses on structure practice and vocabulary enrichment through a variety of language learning activities. These activities evoke interest and engaged practice in the language and thus lead to retention. As per NCF 2005, language is learnt when it is taught with exposure in meaningful context rather than as a subject. In accordance with this, the textbook has been drafted with themes related or familiar to children. The units provide space for effective individual and pair work and thus allows the teacher to focus on time management in multi-level classrooms. How to use the textbook? T  he first term English Book for Standard V has three M Y L I T T L E P I C T I O NA RY units. 1 Exploring Space Hi, I am Nila. I am in space. Will you be? Each unit is planned for a month. vehicle with two or Plough (n) with one : a large piece or turn over more curved of farming equipme (v) : turn soil. blades, used to nt : and open up earth dig and cort (n) by balls. with a plough. Bullock Nila introduces the theme of each unit. driven four wheels E  ach unit is designed with the things like space village Scare Crow (n) : a figure mode to look like a and patriotismW. person that is dressed in old clothes and put in a field to frighten birds away.  y little pictionary provides the exposure to a pictorial M Grains (n) : ings forme rly dictionary in an attractive way. used as Wheat cover food. or other metal. cultivat : The in battle ed cereal r (n) body Armou protect the to worn 2 5th-STD-English-Unit-1-Space.indd 1 26-04-2019 14:54:39 5th-STD-English-Unit-2-Trip.indd 2 26/04/19 7:23 PM  et us learn is the teacher led prose and helps children learn vocabulary L L E T U S BU I L D A. Compound words. Sunflower Hai Friends, I will show you a magic. and values with the help of the context set in each of the story. When I combine these two words, I will get a new word with different meaning Flower Sun These words are called compound words.  et us build provides scope for learning vocabulary with associated L + + grammar concepts. The section is followed by exercises to help children Light house _________________ _________________ mail box practise. B. Write the compound words from the picture. Let us know provides scope for teaching grammar in a context. The section 1. + + helps children to learn grammar concepts inductively. _________________ _________________ 2. + + _________________ _________________ 7 5th-STD-English-Unit-1-Space.indd 7 26-04-2019 14:54:46  et us listen develops the listening skill of children by following instructions L LET US SPEAK See how they speak at this situation and practice as if you were in that situation. Is there any place near? and acting accordingly. Hello uncle, please How are you Mozhi? come in. I am fine uncle, please take your seat Thank you. Where is your Dad? He is taking bath. Wait Let us speak provides opportunity for the teachers to teach the language uncle I will inform him. It’s okay ma. Let him come. Can I get you some coffee to drink? Thanks ma, but I had Then how about some coffee just now. structures through games and activities. It develops listening and buttermilk uncle. That would be nice. Here is your buttermilk uncle. It is really nice, thank you ma. speaking skills. You are welcome uncle. Structures that are useful for this situation. Is your Dad home? Whom do you want to meet? Call your Dad. He is not home. Inform your Dad that He has gone out side. Let us sing provides opportunity for the children to sing rhymes with I am here. He is out of town. I want to see your Dad. Wait he will come in two minutes. Dad someone has come to see you. actions and intonation. It helps children learn new vocabulary contextually. Note to the teacher: Make the children practice these phrases thoroughly and give them different scenarios to practise. 15 5th-STD-English-Unit-1-Space.indd 15 26-04-2019 14:54:50 LET US WRITE Write the hungry fox story on your own by seeing the picture Brainy box kindles the children’s divergent and convergent thinking ability and using the clues given under each picture. Let us read is a supplementary lesson that helps children learn vocabulary and values with the help of stories. There, it, was, searched, It, saw, Wanted, Jumped, It, The fruit, I, couldn’t a fox, in forest,hungry, grape plant, to eat, high, reach, gave up, said, don’t very, tired, Food, every to pluck, the fruits, Many want,would be, the fruits, Let us read aloud develops reading habit in children by where. times. trying, to himself, sour. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ familiarising them with short, interesting stories. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Let us write builds writing skill in children. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ 19 5th-STD-English-Unit-3-Patriotism.indd 19 4/25/2019 6:01:03 PM 74  www.tntextbooks.in meaning Try your own helps the children develop their vocabulary skills like draw space shuttle in your mother tongue meaning in english as well as in mother tongue, parts of speech...etc use in a sentence parts of speech Speak and win kindles speaking skill in the form of debate and discussion. Unit I — Exploring space LET US READ Lost in Space Children are inquisitive and love learning of things that are innovative Amuthan and Nilavan visited Museum. They saw the model of a space shuttle. Nilavan found the hatch, opened it. like space. In the story, “Earth, the Desolated Home” we read about the life in mars They entered the ship and it locked. They were trapped inside and they found the flight deck So many switches … What is this Big green switch ??!! In the poem, “Flying Beyond Universe” we learn about the dream of Nooooo. ……. Don’t touch it…… traveling to space. Shuttle bursted into outer space. Sorry ….sorry …. I hit the wrong button. What have you done? Amudhan In the story, “Lost in space” we read about Amuthan and Nilavan’s experience in the space. 16 5th-STD-English-Unit-1-Space.indd 16 26-04-2019 14:54:53 LET US SING Unit II — My Native place Farmer’s Friend Often seen as filth Children love to visit grand parent’s house during their holidays. In the story, “Trip to my grand parents village” we read about santhosh’s But gives the soil good health To give the farmer handful wealth. Shy to show its looks experiences and enjoyments in his grand parents village. Toils often on fishing hooks To give the fisher something to cook Ploughs the soil before farmer Use not the chemicals to harm her In the poem, “Farmers friend” we learn about the significance of earth Praise our mother lands’ armour. Be humble like a worm Perform your work to charm worm. Will be free from any kind of harm. Note to the teacher: Sing the song with actions. Encourage children to listen and sing along with actions. In the story, “The farmer and his daughters” we read about three 5th-STD-English-Unit-2-Trip.indd 10 26/04/19 7:23 PM daughters and who possess the ability to do farming. Unit III — Our Nation LET US READ The Legend of Jaswantgarh Children love their country and to hear Patriotic stories. In the story, “The guardians of the nation” we read about what is the real patriotism. Jaswantgarh, is a well known place in the Arunachal Pradesh.It was named after a legendry Indian soldier Jaswant Singh Rawat, The rifle man of 4th Garwal. His patriotism and valur is recorded in the history of India as In the poem, “Patriotism” we learn about how every child should be grown “The battle of Nauranang”. The legend handed down through the ages of Nauranang is quite interesting and more inspiring. with Patriotism. In the story, “The legend of jaswantgarh” we read about the rifle man of 14 India Jaswant Singh Rawat. 5th-STD-English-Unit-3-Patriotism.indd 14 4/25/2019 6:01:00 PM Learning Outcome Now I can... read and understand Learning outcomes the prose and use the supplimentary syllabification use the conjunctions listen and response to speak read the the audio situational passage and dialogue identify the scene It is a moment of pride for children as they colour the balloons. describe about the picture recite poem and Identify the rhymes scheme This self-assessment tool helps boost their self –confidence. It is also a diagnostic page for the teacher to ensure that each student has attained the expected learning outcome in each unit. Note to the teacher: Ask children to colour the balloon when they achieve the learning outcome. 22 Let’s use the QR code in the text books! Download DIKSHA app from the Google Play Store. Tap the QR code icon to scan QR codes in the textbook. Point the device and focus on the QR code. On successful scan, content linked to the QR code gets listed. 75  www.tntextbooks.in Exploring Space 77 My Native Place 101 Our Nation 127 e-Book Assessment Digilinks 76 www.tntextbooks.in 1 Exploring Space Hi, I am Nila. I am in space. Will you be? 77  www.tntextbooks.in M Y L I T T L E P I C T I O NA RY Ear at th ( a x y th we l n ive. ) : the p al : t he g stem. lanet o (n) lar sy n wh ay o ich ky w ur s Mil ains o t con Space shuttle (n) : a space craft designed to be used for travelling to a space station. Sol a and r Sys of t hole it, aro all the em ( Th e w in und it. plan n) : e ( n) : rything e stars ets th rs ve th tha e sun Univee and eplanets, t m c spa ding th e ove inclu alaxies. and g 78  www.tntextbooks.in LET US LEARN Earth, the Desolated Home It was the year 2068, humans had destroyed the Earth, and started colonising the red planet Mars. India established three colonies; Arivumathi’s family lived in one such colony. On her birthday, her grandfather travelled more than 1500 km to meet her. When he reached, he saw her sleeping in her capsule. He said, “Wake up, Arivu.” Arivumathi was surprised, “Grandpa! When did you come? I was thinking that you won’t be coming for my birthday.” He sighed, “Don’t you know about the dust storm of Mars? Sometimes, it even lasts for a month. But this time it did not. So I am on time. It still took me three sols to reach here. Now come on, let’s not waste time. We will go to harvest the vegetation hab for vegetables.” 79  www.tntextbooks.in In the hab, he said, “Hmm, these carrots are not tasty anymore, like the ones I ate in my childhood.” She asked, “Why do you say so, Grandpa?” Grandfather explained, “The vegetables we grow here do not taste like the ones on the Earth. I really wish you had tasted the carrots from the Earth.” Arivu asked eagerly, “How did they grow the crops and vegetables on The Earth?” Now, the grandfather was sad, like he is missing the Earth. He said, “The Earth had fertile soil, so the fruits and vegetables grown were healthy and tasty.” She asked, “But, I learnt that humans used chemical fertilizers, and polluted the soil. Here, we get unpolluted food and water. Is that correct?” Grandfather laughed, “Already, I told you. These fruits, vegetables, and water are not the same as in the Earth. They are not real.” Arivu exclaimed, “Even the water?” He said, “Of course! In Mars, we get water from burning fuels. On the Earth, we used to get water from rain, it was natural, and it was free!” She said, “Grandpa, enough of your stories about the Earth. I know that life there was easy but, here survival is very difficult.” He replied, “Yes my dear, adapting to Mars is difficult. Today, we are fighting for things which we got easily.” He continued, “In the Earth, you did not need a spacesuit or an oxygen cylinder. Also, the years are longer here.” Arivu said, “Yes, grandpa. In 80  www.tntextbooks.in Mars, 687 days make a year.” He smiled, “Ha! Ha! Yes, you would be 18 years old on the Earth now.” Grandpa thought to himself, “We destroyed our home. The home that nature had offered us. Now, we are trying to make this our home.” Arivu looked at him and said, “Don’t worry grandpa, the scientists are trying to Terraform the Mars.” He said, “True, but nothing can be the Earth. The Earth is our home. Ah, let us leave this for now. Today we should celebrate.” What actions destroy the Earth? How will you change it? Glossary sol Martian solar Day, A Martian day capsule a small cylinder shaped bed hab habitat, human settlement fuels an energy source for engines, power plants or reactors adapting modify, readjust survival to remain alive terraform a process by which the surface and climate would be changed to make the environment suitable to humans. scientists an expert in science 81  www.tntextbooks.in L E T U S U N D E R S TA N D A. Choose the correct option. astronomer Earth alien astronaut Mars 1. Life found on other planets is called _______________. 2. Some people believe that there might be life on _____________ planet. 3. I don’t live on moon, but I live in _______________. 4. The person who travels to space is an _______________. 5. The scientific observer of the celestial bodies is ____________. B. Fill in the blanks. 1. The man destroyed ______. 2. In the Earth, we get water from ______. 3. In Mars ______ days make a year. 4. You don’t need ______ and ______ in the Earth. 5. Fruits, vegetables and water in the Mars are not ______. C. Answer the following questions. 1. What is the setting of the story? 2. Name the vegetables harvested in the vegetation hab. 3. What is a sol? How many sols make a year? 4. How water is produced in Mars? 5. In this story, what happened to the earth? 6. What should be done to save the earth? 82  www.tntextbooks.in L E T U S BU I L D Hi friends, we will show you a + magic. When we combine these two words, we will get a new word with different meaning. These words are called compound words. + + light house mail box lighthouse _________________ _________________ mailbox A. Write the compound words from the picture. 1.    + + _________________ _________________ 2.   + + _________________ _________________ 83  www.tntextbooks.in B. Use the clues to complete the compound words. 1. news + paper __________ newspaper = __________ 2. wheel + __________ = __________ 4. basket + __________ = __________ C. Match the compound words. D. Draw and write your own compound word. 1. - = 2. - = 3. - = 4. - = E. Connect the compound words and create a new word. ball door cup cow board boy ___________ ___________ light chair moon rain paper coat ___________ ___________ 84  www.tntextbooks.in LET US SING Beyond the Universe I dream of flying beyond the Earth, amidst the planets and the countless stars. I would stop by the red planet Mars, here we dream of a home away from home. Fly on, to watch the Saturn, with its ring and moons. Then, I stopped by Jupiter, marvelled, by its red storms that look like marbles. Hurdling through a belt of asteroids, I crossed Uranus, without a fuss. To Neptune, the blue ice giant, Further high, I fly, beyond the galaxy. To meet the creator, Of this Magnificent display. To take me beyond the Milky Way, To voyage across the galaxies. 85  www.tntextbooks.in Glossary beyond outside the limits or reach amidst surrounded by marveling something that causes wonder resembles to be like or similar to marbles a little ball of glass or clay, used by children to play hurdling racing over the barriers further to move ahead L E T U S U N D E R S TA N D A. Match the planets and its feature. 1. Mars – blue ice gaint 2. Saturn – rolling on its axis 3. Jupiter – red planet 4. Uranus - ring and moons 5. Neptune - red storm B. Answer the following questions. 1. where is the poet flying to in the dream? 2. Which planet has rings around it? 3. Which planet has red storm? 4. Why does the poet fly out of the universe? 5. Name the planets the poet flies through? 86  www.tntextbooks.in LET US KNOW Hey Sruth. Look there are lot of cows. No Somu, You should call it, a herd of cows. As Sruthi says a collection group of cows is called as a herd of cows. To indicate any group, we use collective nouns. Here are some examples: A team of players A galaxy of stars A pack of dogs A swarm of flies A band of musicians An army of ants 87  www.tntextbooks.in A. Write the collective names. A _____ of birds. A ____ of grapes. B. Match the picture with the collective nouns. 1. A flock of goats - 2. A bouquet of flowers - 3. An army of soldiers - 4. A shoal of fish - 5. A choir of singers - 88  www.tntextbooks.in Hi Somu. I find happiness in sharing my ideas. Now let me show you another kind of naming word. There are some naming words that can be only felt and experienced. We can not see or touch them. For example, we can not see happiness. But we can feel and experience it. These naming words are called abstract nouns. Here are some examples: happiness anger sadness jealous More examples: honesty wisdom beauty hope luck mercy dream pride life A. Pick the abstract noun. 1. He takes pride in his job. _______________ 2. The dove is a symbol of peace. _______________ 3. My grandmother is full of wisdom. _______________ 4. Iniya is very tall for her age. _______________ 5. Prem felt a lot of anger. _______________ 89  www.tntextbooks.in Colour the stars with the Abstract Nouns. tiger fear fish law pen joy friend rules picture freedom kindness computer LET US LISTEN Tick the correct one after listening to the announcement. 1. The Kovai superfast express is arriving on platform no ______. a. 2 b. 6 c. 4 2. The train no of the Silambu express is ______. a. 12675 b. 16182 c. 12641 3. The Thirukkural superfast express is late by ______. a. 2 hours b. 3 hours c. 1 hour. Note to the teacher: Scan the QR code to listen to the audio. Let the children listen to the audio and answer the question. The listening passage is given at the end. 90  www.tntextbooks.in LET US SPEAK See how they speak at this situation and practice as if you were in that situation. Hello uncle, please How are you Mozhi? come in. I am fine uncle, please take your seat. Thank you. Where is your dad? He is taking bath. Wait uncle, I will inform him. It’s okay ma. Let him come. Can I get you some coffee to drink? Thanks ma, but I had Then how about some coffee just now. buttermilk uncle. That would be nice. Here is your buttermilk uncle. It is really nice, thank You are welcome uncle. you ma. Structures that are useful for this situation. Is your dad home? Whom do you want to meet? Call your dad. He is not home. Inform your dad that He has gone outside. I am here. He is out of town. I want to see your dad. Wait he will come in two minutes. Dad someone has come to see you. Note to the teacher: Make the children practice these phrases thoroughly and give them different scenarios to practise. 91  www.tntextbooks.in LET US READ Lost in Space Amuthan and Nilavan visited the ‘Space Museum’. They saw a model of a space shuttle. Then, Nilavan found a latch and opened the shuttle. They entered the shuttle and the door locked. Now, they were trapped inside, and they walked into the deck. So many switches! What does this big green switch do? No, don’t touch it. But, Amudhan had pressed the switch, and the shuttle bursts into outer space. Sorry. I thought the button would open the door but What have you looks like I hit the done Amudhan? wrong button. 92  www.tntextbooks.in The shuttle went through a belt of asteroids. Amuthan, an asteroid is coming How will I turn towards us. Turn the shuttle? the shuttle. Let me try pulling this lever. The shuttle crash-landed on a new planet. I am fine. Quick! We must wear a Are you alright, space suit! Amuthan? They ran for the suits. Nilavan saw green lights coming towards the shuttle. Look at those lights. It is coming towards us. Yes, they are all around us and that shuttle is very big! Let us wear our suits. 93  www.tntextbooks.in Aliens from the big shuttle shattered the windows and took them out. Please, don’t be afraid. There is a problem with your shuttle. We can fix How is this it for you. possible? Do you speak our language? We can read your mind and use that to speak your language. The aliens gave them a special room so that they can remove vtheir suits and rest. Hey, wake up. Please, rest here Your ship is and eat these ready. Put on your capsules. They are suits. It is time the same as your to go home. food. Thank you for your help. Are you coming to Earth with us? When the time comes, we will. See you. 94  www.tntextbooks.in L E T U S U N D E R S TA N D A. Say true or false. 1. Amuthan locked the door behind him. 2. Nilavan unknowingly started the space shuttle. 3. The blue lights seen through window were aliens. 4. They went out through the broken windows. 5. The aliens gave a new shuttle to them. B. Name the character or speaker. 1. “Are you alright?” 2. “Wake up. Your ship is ready.” 3. “Let me try pulling this lever.” 4. “I am fine. we must wear the space suit.” 5. “Eat these capsules.” C. Answer the following questions. 1. Where were the boys taken to? 2. Where did the space shuttle land? 3. What did Nilavan see through the window? 4. Who shattered the windows? 5. How did the aliens know the boy’s language? 95  www.tntextbooks.in D. Try your own. meaning draw in your mother tongue space shuttle use in a sentence parts of speech E. Speak and win. Join in either of the following groups and say some valid points to win. Group A Group B I like to live in Earth I like to live in Mars because........................ because....................... 96  www.tntextbooks.in L E T U S R E A D A LO U D Read the passage three times and colour a space suit for each time. A space suit is like a spaceship built for one. A space suit lets us work and live in space. It protects us from the heat and the cold. It gives us air to breathe. The suit is made of many parts and has water to drink. It even has a built-in toilet, if you need. Complete the sentences. An astronaut wears a _______________. A space suit is like a _______________. A space suit allows us to _______________.  space suit protect us from _______________ A and _______________. Circle the things that the space suit provides us Air food water 97  www.tntextbooks.in LET US WRITE Letter writing No. 15, Big street, Namachivayapuram. 26th June, 2019. Dear Kumaran, How are you? I am fine here. There is a festival in my village next week. I am very happy to invite you to the festival. Please plan to be here on Monday the 31st. I am eager to meet you. Convey my regards to your parents. Your loving friend, R. Nethra. Write a letter to invite your friend to your house for the summer vacation. _________________ _________________ _________________ Dear ______________, ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ____________________ ____________________. Note to the teacher: Make the children write an informal letter to you about the good things in their life using I have ……, I like ……, I want ……. (for their portfolio). 98  www.tntextbooks.in I Can Do A. Answer the following. Name of the object In your mother tongue Use in a sentence B. Write the compound words from the pictures. C. Use the clues and complete the compound words. cow + _____ = ______ rain + _____ = ______ D. Recite the poem ‘Flying beyond the universe’. E. Fill in the blanks with the collective noun. Swarm shoal flock A _________ of fish. A ________ of birds. A ________ of bees. F. Circle the abstract noun. fear box beauty tree taste pencil happiness anger honesty book 99  www.tntextbooks.in Learning Outcome Now I can... understand the prose and use compound supplementary. differentiate words. between collective and abstract nouns. listen and welcome any respond to visitor and the audio. read and treat them understand a with what passage. theey need write an informal letter. recite the poem. Note to the teacher: Ask children to colour the balloon when they achieve the learning outcome. 100  www.tntextbooks.in 2 My Native Place Hi, I am Nila. I love my native place. Do you? 101  www.tntextbooks.in M Y L I T T L E P I C T I O NA RY hicle plough ( n ) : a ve en a ploug (v) : t urn up cart v els dri h. earth bullock or four whe wit h wo with t ls. by bul scarecrow (n) : a figure made to look like a person and put in a field to frighten birds away. over grains (n e m etal c in cultiva ) : Wheat (n) : Th he b ody ted c or oth o u r c t t food. ereal er arm ote used as o r n to pr w e. battl 102  www.tntextbooks.in LET US LEARN Trip to My Grand Parents Village It is summer. Santhosh’ vacation has started. His parents are going to Sirumalai, his parents’ village. Santhosh is excited. He records an audio diary on his mother’s phone. He records all his feelings during the visit. Later, he writes down in his diary what he had recorded. Let’s read his diary to know his experiences during this visit. 10th April: I am very eager to visit my grand parents’ village. I will meet my grand parents and cousins. I have packed my clothes and tab for playing video games. We will be travelling in a bus. I am so excited. 11th April: Today we are travelling. Though it is summer, the weather is pleasant in the morning. There are numerous trees with yellow flowers on both sides of the road. There is greenery all around. There are many white cranes in the lush green paddy fields. The scarecrows have managed to scare away the crows in the fields. There is no traffic, noise and air pollution in the village. 103  www.tntextbooks.in I get off the bus and run to meet my grandparents. They are delighted to see me. The house is surrounded by many big trees. There are a few jackfruit, mango, neem, banana, pomegranate and coconut trees. The trees have abundant fruits. My grandfather has plucked some ripe mangoes for me. The mangoes are so juicy and sweet. 12th April: I have woken up early today. I am out for a walk in the morning. The cool breeze is pleasing. The coconut palms are swaying lazily. The farmers are already in their fields. Some of them are cutting the crops and some of them are threshing the paddy. The air is filled with the sweet sound of birds singing in the trees and the bushes. The cuckoo’s song is perhaps the most enchanting. When I come home, I freshen up and eat the tastiest breakfast in my life. Later, my grandmother introduces a girl, Paavai. She goes to the village school. She lives down the street. She is very eager to show me around the village. Paavai shows me how to play with a tyre and a stick. We happily run down the lanes balancing the tyre with a small stick. We stop to talk to Paavai’s friends, Amir, Peter and Umaiyal. All children here too have their summer vacation. Amir is helping his father in milking their cows. He lets me pat his black calf. Peter and Umaiyal are sitting with their grandmother breaking groundnut pods and piling them neatly. Later they will take the nuts to the village market to sell them. I help them for some time. 104  www.tntextbooks.in 13th April: Paavai takes me to the village pond. There are many children splashing around in the pond. Some boys are climbing to the top of the tall tamarind tree. Girls are playing hide and seek near the big banyan tree. My mother and my aunties take me to the river for a refreshing bath. I play for some time in the cool water but I cannot swim. So, I sit on a big smooth rock and watch my friends swim like experts. They talk and laugh a lot as they wash their clothes and dry their hair in the Sun. The river is so clean that I can see the pebbles in the riverbed and colourful fish swim by. I love the scenery. 14th April: We are back to our home in the city. The trip to our grand parents’ home was so enjoyable. Those two days flew by so fast. I realised that during this stay, I had neither watched television nor played video games. I am eagerly looking forward to our next visit. Is TV and video game the only way to pass time? Can we do something else? 105  www.tntextbooks.in Glossary eager keen vacation holiday numerous great in number pebble a kind of stone expert well skilled L E T U S U N D E R S TA N D A. Match the following. cuckoo blows breeze sings river swims fish flows B. Answer the following questions. 1. How did Santhosh record his diary? 2. Name some of the activities that the village children were doing on their vacation. 3. Why did Santhosh forget to watch television or play video games? 4. Did Santhosh enjoy his morning walk? How do you know? 5. How did Santhosh spend his time when he went to the river? 6. How does Santhosh know that the river is clean? 106  www.tntextbooks.in L E T U S BU I L D You already know singular and plural. Try this. I am a lion. Let us learn some more tips to change singluar to plural. We are............... 1. Change -f and –fe, into -ves.     Leaf Leaves Knife Knives 2. By changing their vowels, such as oo to ee or an to en.       Tooth Teeth Foot Feet        Woman Women Man Men 3. Irregular plurals Child Children Ox Oxen Mouse Mice 107  www.tntextbooks.in 4. Some nouns are identical in both the singular and the plural forms. Many of these are names of animals. Sheep Sheep Deer Deer    5. Add es for some words ending with o. Potato Potatoes Tomato Tomatoes    A. Look at the picture and tick () the correct plural word. Loaf Fish Goose Loafs Loaves Fish Fishes Geese Goose Mouse Child Man Mice Mouses Child Children Men Mans B. Write the plural form. 1. leaf 2. mango __________ __________ Note to the teacher: Teach exceptions for the words ending with ‘o‛ like photo - photos, radio - radios, zero - zeros. 108  www.tntextbooks.in LET US SING Farmer’s Friend Often seen as filth But gives the soil good health To reward the farmer with wealth. Ploughs the soil before farmer Use not the chemicals to harm her Please praise our mother land’s armour. Shy to show his looks Toils often on fishing hooks To give the fisher something to cook. Be humble like a worm Think no one to harm You will be free to spread your charm. Note to the teacher: Sing the song with actions. Encourage children to listen and sing along with actions. 109  www.tntextbooks.in Glossary filth dirt,ugly ploughs tills humble not proud toils work extremely hard harm making physical injury A. Match the rhyming words. filth - farmer cook - harm charm - wealth armour - look B. Fill in the blanks. 1. It ploughs soil before _________. 2. It is used in the fisher’s _________. 3. We don’t use _________ in the soil. 4. Be humble like a _________. C. Answer the questions. 1. How do we see the earthworm often? 2. What does it give to the farmer? 3. Why don’t we use chemicals? 4. How do we work? 110  www.tntextbooks.in LET US KNOW Continuous tense is a category of verb tenses. Here we will see the past continuous tense. You all know forms of verbs. Those are Present    Past    Past Participle    Present Participle go went gone going goes           The present participle form is used in past continuous tense with auxiliaries was and were. Come let us use it. You were going to house. He was going to house. I was going to We were going to house. She was going to house. house. They were going to house. It was going to house. In the above examples you can see, the main action is in present participle form for all the subjects and the auxiliary alone changes. ‘was’ is used for I, he, she and it ‘were’ is used for you, we and they. Give the correct verb form for following sentences. I was reading the poem. They _______________________ (write) the poem. It ________________________ (go) to Delhi. 111  www.tntextbooks.in She _______________________ (draw) a picture. We _______________________ (eat) fruits.  He _______________________ (watch) movie. You _______________________ (make) lunch. Let us see when to use the past continuous tense. At some point in the past. I was writing my homework at 5 PM yesterday. Parallel Actions. What was your brother doing When I was then? writing my homework, he was watching