9th Standard English Textbook - Tamil Nadu

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www.tntextbooks.in GOVERNMENT OF TAMILNADU STANDARD NINE ENGLISH A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu Department of School Education Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime 9th English Introduction Pages I-VIII.indd 1 13-12-2021 13:00:52  www.tntextbooks.in Government of Tamil Nadu First Edition - 2018 Revised Edition - 2019, 2020, 2022 (Published under new syllabus) NOT FOR SALE Content Creation The wise possess all State Council of Educational Research and Training © SCERT 2018 Printing & Publishing Tamil NaduTextbook and Educational Services Corporation www.textbooksonline.tn.nic.in II 9th English Introduction Pages I-VIII.indd 2 13-12-2021 13:00:52  www.tntextbooks.in PREFACE The revised course book for English standard IX is based on the communicative approach which recognises the importance of developing students’ competence to express themselves fluently, confidently and appropriately. The selection of contents has been determined by the students’ present and future academic and social needs. Each unit focuses on inculcating universal human values, gender sensitization and inclusivity. To explore the digital world, ICT Corner is introduced in each unit for the first time in State Board Text Book. III 9th English Introduction Pages I-VIII.indd 3 13-12-2021 13:00:53  www.tntextbooks.in How to use the book 1 Different types of warm up activities can be used to discuss the Telegram-plane  theme. Make use of the different genres in the text for understanding Telegram-plane  and appreciating the plot and characterization. ‘Do You Know' boxes can be used for thinking beyond the texts. Telegram-plane  2 Telegram-plane Facilitate the children to enjoy and appreciate the poem. Telegram-plane Encourage the students to practice the situational grammar exercises. Telegram-plane ‘Think and Answer’ questions can be used for promoting higher order thinking skills. 3 Telegram-plane Use the listening, speaking, reading and writing activities to support effective learning. Telegram-plane Open-ended questions in the writing tasks can be used for promoting creative writing. Telegram-plane ‘Project’ can be used for developing team spirit and collaborative learning. 4 Telegram-plane Motivate the students to read independently and to explore by accessing resources in the library and other ICT resources. Telegram-plane Make use of literary and non-literary texts to develop analytical, inferential and evaluative reading strategies. IV 9th English Introduction Pages I-VIII.indd 4 13-12-2021 13:00:53  www.tntextbooks.in Contents Page Unit Title Month No. Prose Learning the Game   1 1 Poem* Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening 18 June Supplementary The Envious Neighbour 22 Prose I can’t Climb Trees Anymore 28 2 Poem A Poison Tree 38 July Supplementary The Fun They Had 43 Drama Old Man River 50 3 Poem* On Killing a Tree 74 August Supplementary Earthquake 82 Prose Seventeen Oranges 88 4 Poem The Spider and the Fly 102 October Supplementary The Cat and the Painkiller 108 Prose Water – The Elixir of Life 117 5 Poem* The River 141 November Supplementary Little Cyclone: The Story of a Grizzly Cub 146 Prose From Zero to Infinity 152 January 6 Poem* The Comet 164 Supplementary Mother’s Voice 170 Prose A Birthday Letter 177 7 Poem The Stick-together Families 190 February Supplementary The Christmas Truce 196 *Memoriter E-Book Assessment V 9th English Introduction Pages I-VIII.indd 5 13-12-2021 13:00:53  www.tntextbooks.in VI 9th English Introduction Pages I-VIII.indd 6 13-12-2021 13:00:53  www.tntextbooks.in Unit 1 Prose Learning the Game Sachin Tendulkar Warm Up Think of what you would like to do in future. Fill in the spaces. My Goals Timeline Action Plans 2022 20.... 20.... - 20.... 20.... - 20.... 2040 0nwards From a very early age, I played tennis-ball Who were Sachin’s favourite players? cricket with my colony friends. I loved watching What was special about Shardashram cricket on television and in our games, Vidyamandir in Mumbai? I often tried to emulate the mannerisms of my favourite players, Sunil Gavaskar and I had never batted in the nets before and the West Indian legend Viv Richards. But it felt somewhat overawed with so many wasn’t just the batsmen that I studied. I also people around. When I was asked to bat, loved bowling. Throughout my career, I have I was not at all comfortable. With Sir watching actually bowled a lot in the nets. me so closely, I failed to make an impact. Sir called Ajit aside and informed him that I was then studying in the New English I was perhaps too young to make the camp School, Mumbai. But my brother Ajit and suggested that he should bring me back knew that compared to other schools when I was a little older. My induction into in Mumbai, Shardashram Vidhyamandir the Mumbai cricket circuit could have ended where Ramakant Achrekar Sir was the in failure – but for Ajit’s insistence. Having cricket coach, gave due importance to the seen me play in the colony, Ajit knew I was game of cricket. He ran summer camps capable of performing far better than I had too. Ajit, one day, took me to the camp to done in front of Achrekar Sir. He explained get trained under Sir. Anyone could come that I was nervous and asked Sir to give for a trial at the camp; but then, it was up me one more opportunity. However, he to Sir to decide who to accept. I was eleven suggested that while doing so, Sir should years old then. Achrekar Sir, as I refer to pretend to go away and then watch from him, started playing cricket at the age of a distance. Sir agreed. Before long, I was eleven in 1943, which is the age I was when asked to bat again and, without Sir’s trained I went to him for the first time. 1 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 1 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in eyes scrutinizing me – or so I thought, I felt from my pockets. There was never quite more at ease and soon started to hit the ball enough time for the pockets to dry out well. This time, Sir agreed to let me join the completely, and for the entire duration of camp. I was delighted and I must say it was the camp I played with wet pockets. By the an opportunity that transformed my life. middle of the summer camp, Sir had started taking an active interest in my batting and The camp involved a session every morning at the end of the two months, informed Ajit and evening at Shivaji Park. I would that I had the potential to be a good cricketer practice between 7.30 am and 10.30 am if I practiced all year round. However, my in the morning. Then I’d come back in the school – the New English School in Bandra afternoon and practice till late evening. – did not have cricket facilities and Sir was The schedule was rigorous and I would be keen for me to change schools if I wanted exhausted by the end of the day. Travelling to pursue cricket seriously. to Shivaji Park took forty minutes from my house in Bandra and I had to catch an early W hat routine did Sachin follow in morning bus to make it on time. For the washing his clothes? first few days, Ajit accompanied me, to get What did Achrekar inform Ajit? me used to the routine. During the bus journeys, he would talk to me about the One evening, Sir called my father and nuances of batting, and I always enjoyed put forward his suggestion. Ajit was in these conversations a lot. In fact, the one the room with my father at the time and thing that I have kept with me all my career they both accepted that it was necessary is a note that Ajit gave me containing some if cricket was to be my priority. My father thoughts about batting. It served as a very sat me down and explained that while he personal coaching manual. did not have any objections to my changing schools, I should do so only if I was really W hat was the opportunity that serious about playing cricket.I assured him transformed the life of Sachin? I was, and so it was agreed that I should  What sort of conversations did Ajit and Sachin have while travelling? move to Shardashram Vidhyamandir, where Achrekar Sir was the cricket coach. All my As a child, I had only one set of cricket excess energies were getting channelled clothes and the routine was to wash them into cricket, which acted as a kind of safety as soon as I’d returned from the morning valve. My father always said that all he session. While I had my lunch, the clothes wanted me to do was give it my best effort would dry out in the sun and I would wear without worrying about the results. them again in the afternoon. The pattern W hat was the suggestion given by was repeated in the evening so that I could Achrekar to Sachin’s father? use the same set of clothes the following What acted as a safety valve? morning. The system worked well – apart English 2 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 2 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in In my first year at Shardashram, I played That was the last part of my training and fifty five practice matches during the I’d be completely exhausted by the end of summer break of sixty days. My summer it all. It was a routine I would repeat right sessions used to start at 7.30 am and end through my summer holidays and it helped at 4.30 pm. My evening session would start me to build up physical and mental stamina. at 5 pm after only a thirty-minute break. W hat did Sachin do during the thirty During the break, Sir would often give me minute break? some money to go and have a vadapav What is the intense ‘fifteen minutes’ (a popular Mumbai fast food). mentioned ? Occasionally, my father came to take me home and I would always ask him to treat me to a special fruit cocktail at a juice centre near the club. While this regular demand was a little unreasonable, because at the time I did not realize that my parents also had to take care of the needs of my brothers and sister, my father would invariably end up giving me what I wanted, just to see me happy. On other days, when I made my way home from Shivaji Park on my own, I’d often fall asleep on the bus – if I managed to sit down. Anyone who Between 5 pm and 7 pm I’d have five more has been on a Mumbai bus at peak hours net sessions. Towards the last 15 minutes, will know just how difficult it is to get a Sir would place a one rupee coin on top of seat. On days when I wasn’t so lucky, it the stumps and if I managed to avoid getting was still a challenge just to stand with the out, the coin was mine. In this session every kitbag, because the bus conductors would bowler in the camp would come and bowl inevitably complain about me taking up the to me, with some sixty to seventy boys space of another passenger. It could be fielding. It meant I had to hit every ball embarrassing because the conductors were along the ground to survive those intense often rude and would sometimes ask me to fifteen minutes. Winning the one–rupee buy two tickets. I didn’t have the money for coin used to give me immense satisfaction a second ticket and I had to learn to take and taught me how to concentrate even these remarks in my stride. Dirty clothes when physically drained. At the end of it all., often added to the embarrassment. With Sir would tell me to run two full circuits of time, I evolved a way of wrapping the Shivaji Park with my pads and gloves on. kitbag around me. Just as the helmet and 3 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 3 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in pads became a part of me while batting, Sir also punished me on one occasion when so the kitbag became an extension of me trying to teach me a very important lesson. on the bus. I’d often take the bus or train Once, I bunked my daily evening practice from Bandra to Church gate, and it was all to watch an inter-school cricket match not a great learning experience. anticipating that Sir would be there. He was angry and he said it wasn’t for me to W  hat did Sachin’s father do just to make Sachin happy? come and watch other people play for, if  What did embarrass Sachin in I practiced hard enough, one day people the bus? from across the world would come and watch me play. Had it not been for Sir, I would not Even though I loved cricket, there were be the cricketer I turned out to be. He was still occasional days when playing with my a strict disciplinarian and did everything he friends at home was such fun that I would could for me. I owe myself to him. conveniently forget I was supposed to go to the nets. If I didn’t turn up, Achrekar Sir would jump on to his scooter and come to find me. About the author Sir would spot me in the melee and virtually Sachin Ramesh drag me out. I would come up with excuses Tendulkar was born on 24th April 1973 in but he would have none of it. He would get Mumbai, Maharastra. me to change and head off to Shivaji Park. He was a former Indian cricketer and On the drive he would tell me, “Don’t waste captain widely regarded as one of the your time playing insane games with these kids. greatest cricketers of all time. He made Cricket is waiting for you at the nets. Practice an impact in cricket from a very early age, hard and see what magic can transpire." displaying a prodigious talent. The world famous cricketer has set many records in W hat made Sachin forget, to go to his career and is considered as one of the the nets? greatest Batsman of all times. He is the What did Achrekar advise Sachin? only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first to score "We need to have proper career orientation. double century in a One Day International , and the only player to complete more than Your personality plays an important role 30,000 runs in international cricket. He in choosing the type of career you want. played 664 international cricket matches Choose something you enjoy and really in total, scoring 34,357 runs. In 2012, want to do and you will be successful." Tendulkar was nominated to the Rajya Sabha. He retired from cricket on 16th At that time, I hated being dragged off, but November 2013. ‘Learning the Game’ is an as I look back, I feel sheepish about my extract from his autobiography Playing it actions and can only admire Achrekar Sir’s My Way. farsightedness. English 4 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 4 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in Awards Year (here) used to carry cricket accessories Arjuna Award 1994 stride (v) - a step or stage in progress Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award 1997 towards an aim Padma Shri 1999 embarrassment (n) - a feeling of self- Padma Vibhushan 2008 conscious, shame or awkwardness Bharat Ratna 2013 melee (n) - a confused crowd of people transpire (v) - come to be known / revealed farsightedness (adj.) - showing a prudent awareness of future possibilities bunked (v) - to make oneself absent Coach Achrekar from a class or session passed away on 2nd Jan, 2019 at the age of 87 at his Shivaji A. A  nswer the following questions Park residence. Tearful Sachin was in one or two sentences. at the funeral and paid his tribute by 1. What was coach Achrekar's first carrying his coach's impression on Sachin? mortal remains to the cremation 2. Why did Sachin feel that the schedule ground. of the camp was ‘rigorous’? Glossary 3. What did serve as a very personal coaching manual to Sachin? emulate (v) - to match or surpass typically by 4. Why was Sachin asked to change the imitation. school? overawed (v) - 5. What was the con- impressed so much that dition laid down by they are silent or inhibited Sachin’s father for induction (n) - the action or process of changing the school? including someone to an organization 6. How did the act with rigorous (adj.) - extremely thorough and the one rupee coin careful help Sachin become a good cricketer? nuances (n) - subtle changes in or 7. What did help Sachin build his physical shades of meaning, expression, or sound and mental stamina? pursue (v) - follow or chase 8. Which incident triggered the coach to stamina (n) - the ability to sustain or be angry on Sachin? prolonged physical and mental effort 9. Why do you think Achrekar punished cocktail (n) - a mixed drink which is a Sachin? combination of ingredients such as fruit 10. ’I owe myself to him’ - What does juice, lemonade, flavored syrup or cream. Sachin mean by this? kitbag (n) - a long cylindrical canvas bag, 5 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 5 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in B. A  nswer the following in a paragraph of 120-150 words: 1. 'Achrekar was a sincere coach'. Substantiate. 2. Narrate in your own words the hardships underwent by Sachin to become a great cricketer. 3. Quote the sentences which you find most inspiring from ‘Learning the Game’. How do they inspire you? Explain. Vocabulary C. Match the words in column A with their Synonym in column B. S.No. A B 1. ease endure 2. evolve surplus 3. excess effortless 4. survive great 5. immense progress D. Match the words in column A with their Antonym in column B. S.No. A B 1. concentrate incomplete 2. inevitable distract 3. occasional wise 4. complete continual 5. insane preventable English 6 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 6 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in Homonyms Prefix and Suffix Homonyms are words with similar Prefixes are added to the sound and spelling, but with a beginning of a root word while different meaning. suffixes are added to the end. E. Use the words given below in your own sentences so as to get G. Look at the prefixes and suffixes different meanings. One is done given and frame two new words for you. for each one of them. One is done Cricket is a popular sport. for you. cricket Cricket is active at night. Prefix Word-1 Word-2 bank sub subway subconscious un will re en bark dis watch ir bat Suffix Word-1 Word-2 ly suddenly happily Homophones or er Homophones are words with similar sound but with a different ness spelling and meaning. ian F. C  onsult a dictionary, to find the ist homophones for the given words. 1 in *Listening 2 know H. L  isten to the passage on 3 be Paralympics and choose the 4 to correct answer. 5 watt 6 right 1. The Paralympic games are for _____ 7 were a. children. 8 bare b. disabled people. 9 herd c. women. 10 throne *Listening text is on Page No. 203 7 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 7 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in 2. T  he Paralympic games usually Get into groups of four. Each group will happen ___________ choose one quality to talk about to the whole a. in Greece. class for about one minute. But before you b. every four years. talk, you have two minutes to think about it. c. after the Olympic Games. You can make notes if you wish. J. P  repare a speech in about 80-100 words 3. T  he first true Paralympic Games for the morning assembly, stressing on happened in Rome in _________ the importance of games and sports in ensuring a healthy body and mind. a. 1960. b. 1952. Writing c. 1848. K. Y our friend who lives in another 4. I n 394 BCE, the ________ stopped town/city has won his/her championship the Greek Olympic Games, because trophy in the recent sports meet. Write they didn’t like them. a letter congratulating him/ her. a. Romans L. C  ollect information from newspapers, b. Greeks magazines, periodicals and books c. British about any two famous sports women. Prepare their profiles. Use the following 5. …  ………..was a doctor at the Stoke format. Mandeville hospital in England. Name Details a. Pierre de Coubertin Date of birth b. Sir Ludwig Guttmann c. Natalie du Toit State/Team she represents Speaking Sports/ Games she is I. Just a minute associated with Debut (first entry) Given below are five main qualities Best in her career for true sportsmanship. Hobbies Awards/ Medals received i. Determination ii. Optimisation Creative Writing iii. Stamina M. Write a newspaper article in about 100 words, comparing the achievements iv. Perseverance of the two sportswomen based on the v. Decisiveness information you have already collected. English 8 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 8 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in Reading moving up and down a ladder, threading a needle while bending backwards form a Folk Culture and Folklore of Tamil part of this dance. Nadu Tamil Nadu is deeply rooted in a great Kavadi Aattam is one of the tradition of folk arts and crafts, which predominant folk dances of Tamil Nadu. display the customs and skills that have come down from generations. The folk music and dances of Tamil Nadu represent the ethos, aesthetic, values and melody of the region. Traditionally, folk dances and music are performed during festivals and community functions. The following article describes some of the folk musical styles and dances of Tamil Nadu. When the ancient Tamils went on Karagaattam is a popular folk pilgrimages, they used to carry offerings dance of Tamil Nadu, which involves tied on either end of a long stick, balanced balancing a pot on the head to musical on their shoulders. A kavadi is made of accompaniment. The Karagam pots are bamboo strips and a light pole. To lessen decorated with a cone of flower arrange- the boredom of the long travel, they sing ments, topped by a paper parrot. The and dance in praise of God. Kavadi parrot swings as the dancer swings along. Aattam traces its origin to this practice. This led to the composition of special songs for carrying the kavadi. Poikkal Kudhirai Aattam is a dance in which the dancer puts on the Karagaattam has two divisions — atta karagam and sakthi karagam. This form of dance is very popular all over Tamil Nadu. Both male and female performers participate in this dance. Acrobatics such as dancing on a rolling block of wood, 9 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 9 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in dummy figure of a horse on his / her hips. Bommalaattam or Puppetry is This folk dance needs a lot of training and held in rural areas of Tamil Nadu during skill. The dummy is made of lightweight festivals and fairs. Skilled puppeteers materials and the cloth at the sides of the dummy swings to and fro covering the legs of the dancer who dons wooden legs so that they look like the hooves of the horse. While performing, the dancer brandishes either a sword or a whip. Parai Aattam is a special type of manipulate the puppets with strings or dance in Tamil culture in which the wires. They stand behind a screen and performers beat the parai and dance to the puppets are held in front. The puppetry depicts stories mainly from the Puranas, epics and folklore. Even during Indian freedom struggle awareness programmes for the common people were conducted through puppet shows to instill patriotism among the people. Therukoothu is usually conducted during village festivals in the months of Aadi and Panguni. Theru koothu is performed on the streets and in open air. In this dance form, make-up its rhythm. This is one of the oldest and costumes are considered very traditional dances. In olden days, the important. The performance involves parai was used for multiple reasons, storytelling, songs, dance and dialogue ranging from warning people about the upcoming war, requesting civilians to leave the battlefield, announcing victory or defeat, stopping a breach of a water body, gathering farmers for farming activities, warning wild animals about human presence, during festivals, weddings, celebrations, worship of nature and so on. Parai Aattam plays a prominent part in all the celebrations in Tamil Nadu even today. English 10 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 10 13-12-2021 15:43:41  www.tntextbooks.in rendering. The performances are based 3. How is Karagattam performed? on stories from Puranas, Ramayana, 4. H  ow were offerings carried during the Mahabharata and the local folklore. ancient period? Silambaattam is a martial art 5. B  ring out a few differences between form, practised from the days of the Tamil the two art forms: Therukoothu and kings. It has metamorphosed into a Bommalattam. ANAGRAMS An anagram is a word or a phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once. non-violent form of folk dance, adding stepping styles into the dance to the O. measure of time. This martial art form LEMON also teaches the performer the methods of self-defense. MELON Now try to solve these anagrams. 1 ELBOW Silambam was banned in Tamil 2 SECTION Nadu during the British rule. Britishers 3 VIEWER viewed this martial art as a potential 4 RIPPLES threat in the face of revolts. 5 NEEDLESS N. A  nswer the following questions briefly. P. Work with a partner 1. W  hat do Tamil Nadu folk dances and Pick out two words from the article on folk folk arts represent? culture and folklore of Tamil Nadu with 2. W  hen are folk dances and folk music which you can form anagrams. Take turns usually performed? and ask your partner to solve the anagram and come out with the right words. 11 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 11 13-12-2021 15:43:42  www.tntextbooks.in A Talk Show Q. W  ork in groups of 4-6. Choose one folk art form, that is rarely or no longer performed. Find out the reasons for this and suggest practical solutions/steps that can be taken to prevent this. After discussion and research, conduct a talk show in the class on the topic FOLK ARTS - A REVIVAL. The following inputs will help you. Each group will consist of the following members. 1. The host 2. A folk artist 3. A representative from an NGO engaged in reviving some of the dying folk arts. 4. A student 5. A citizen from the city. NOTE: Your teacher will distribute role cards with cues to each member of the group to help you play your roles. Grammar Preposition A preposition is a word that is placed before a noun or a pronoun to show its relationship to other words in a sentence. English 12 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 12 13-12-2021 15:43:42  www.tntextbooks.in I. Prepositions of Time These prepositions are used to indicate when a particular event happened. These include: in, on, at, since, for, during etc. (e.g.) :  1. I was studying in the morning. 2. She was born on the 5th of July. 3. I will reach there at 6 o’clock. II. Prepositions of Place These prepositions are used to indicate the location and come before a noun or a pronoun These include: in, on, between, behind, under, over, near etc. (e.g.) : 1. The cat is on the wall. 2. Jenny lives near her workplace. 3. Raj is in his room. III. Prepositions of Movement These prepositions are used to describe movement. These include: to, into, towards, through etc. (e.g.) : 1. I went to the book store. 2. The swimmer jumped into the pool. 3. The dog was coming towards him. IV. ‘Since’ and ‘For’ ‘Since’ refers to a particular point of time. (e.g.) : 1. I have been studying since 5 a.m., and I am at it even now. 2. The construction of this building has been going on since January. ‘For’ refers to the duration of the time. (e.g.) : 1. Maya has worked in this institution as an accountant for 23 years. 2. Many ideas were discussed for three weeks before the annual day theme was finalised. V. ‘During’ and ‘In’ Both ‘during’ and ‘in’ are used to describe actions that happen in a particular period of time. (e.g.) : 1. We will be visiting my grandparents during the summer vacation. (or) 2. We will be visiting my grandparents in the summer vacation. 13 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 13 13-12-2021 15:43:42  www.tntextbooks.in VI. ‘Between’ and ‘Among’ ‘Between’ is used when naming definite, individual items. (e.g.) : 1. T  he discussion on a sports meet between our school and other schools are going on for two days. 2. The final match will be held between India and Australia. ‘Among’ is used when the items are part of a group and are not specifically named. (e.g.) : 1. The sailors divided the money among themselves; and the ship sailed on. 2. We’d discussed this point among ourselves many times over the past months. A. C  hoose the most appropriate preposition from the brackets. 1. We have been living in Chennai _________ eight years. (for/ since) 2. Abdul has taken______ his father. (after/ at) 3. Vimal generally goes to his workplace______ bus. (by/on) 4. The cricket ball was hidden ______ the leaves. (among/ between) 5. Mani divided his toys______his brothers and sisters. (among/ between) B. Identify the prepositions in the given sentences and underline them. 1. Riya borrowed a dress from me and lent it to her friend, Mary. 2. When I moved back to the city, things had changed considerably. 3. The burglar found the keys under the pot in the balcony. 4. Prabhu was hiding behind the door when his sister came looking for him. 5. My dog sat on my hat and squashed it. C. Complete the passage by filling in appropriate prepositions from the list- (with, out, to, in, from, during, of, for, by). Some prepositions may be used more than once. In Tamil Nadu, a very interesting form of recitation named Villupattu developed (a) ____________ the 15th century. Villupattu means bow-song because a bow-shaped musical instrument (b) ___________ strong high tension string is used (c) __________ English 14 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 14 13-12-2021 15:43:42  www.tntextbooks.in placing it (d) _______________ an earthen v. S  he was so happy in life that she pitcher. It is believed that this narrative could not ask for more. form was an invention (e) __________  he elderly couple care for their vi. T Arasa Pulavar. The troupe gives its pets as they do for their children. performance mostly (f) ___________ temple festivals. There are seven to eight vii. I agree with everything you’ve said. persons in a troupe who form a kind D.  Frame sentences using the (g) ___________ chorus that supports prepositional verbs given in the box. the main singer-narrator. When the chief narrator sings, the chorus benefit from pay for stand in rely on takes (h) ____________ the refrain stay at joke about (i) _______________ the song and go into consist of repeats it in unison. The whole party sits prepare for attend to (j) _____________ the ground and performs (k) __________ a lot E. G iven below is a picture of a (l) ____________ gesticulation and carnival. Complete the factual facial expression to suit the narrative description by filling in the blanks with appropriate prepositions. they have taken. The ballad style songs are composed (m) __________ the rural Fairs and festivals form an integral part dialect which appeals (n) ___________ of the culture of Tamil Nadu. They are the audience who sometimes join the an excellent platform to promote and troupe (o) ____________ suitable notes preserve the vibrant art and culture of or words. the Tamils. Prepositional verbs Some verbs are usually followed by prepositions before the object of the verb. Examples  he kids laughed at the hilarious i. T antics of the clown. ii. Fathima planned to stay at a hotel, A thiruvizha (festival) is a source of when she visited Mumbai. excitement and thrill for villagers. The iii. I have pressing matters to attend to village thoroughfare wears a festive look, in Kolkata. as the open spaces are cleaned, spruced iv. I believe in the healing power of a up and decorated (a) ________colourful mother’s touch. streamers. 15 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 15 13-12-2021 15:43:42  www.tntextbooks.in People throng the premises (b) ______catch a glimpse (c)________their village deity (d)______ a magnificently decorated chariot, and pay their respects. There is a big crowd (e)_____ the food stalls that serve free piping hot sakkarai pongal (sweet pongal), lemon rice and curd rice. People (f)______nearby villages and towns display their wares attractively, and call out loudly (g)______the people (h)_______buy their wares. Cotton candy, cut raw mangoes smothered (i)________salt and chilly powder, boiled groundnuts, murukku, sweets, buttermilk etc are sold. Men, women, grandmas, grandpas and little children dressed (j)_________their best clothes, enjoy the Thiruvizha greatly. You can hear the shrieks (k)________happy children enjoying the rides on ferris wheels and carousels, elders looking (l)_________ each other with smiles on their faces. The entire day is spent (m) _______fun and gaiety. All the village people irrespective of their age, look forward (n)_________the thiruvizha every year. Writing You stayed with your grandparents at your native village during Pongal. You had an unforgettable time with them. You visited the village fair and enjoyed the simple pleasures of life like bathing in the river, strolling in the fields, eating food cooked in earthen utensils over firewood, sleeping on a cot on the terrace under the star-lit sky, visiting temple fairs and watching Karagattam presentation. F. Write a letter to your friend, describing the joy of celebrating festivals in a village, with the inputs given above. Project G. Y  our class has to stage a Puppet Show in the Assembly Open Forum on the topic ‘Child Labour’. Divide yourselves into groups and discuss the requirements for the presentation like storyline, characters, dialogues, choice of puppets and music for the interlude. Now complete the dialogues given below. Ramesh :  Let us present a Puppet Show on CHILD LABOUR for our Assembly Open Forum. Mohammed : That is a very good idea! Let us start planning right away. Geetha : _______________________________________________________? Leema : I suggest we begin with the storyline first. Mani : How ___________________________________________________ ? Ramesh : We can have around five characters. English 16 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 16 13-12-2021 15:43:42  www.tntextbooks.in Mohammed : What __________________________________________________ ? Meena : We can focus on the problems of poverty and illiteracy as the major reasons for child labour. Ramesh : Can _________________________________________________? Leema : I am good at making stick puppets. I will make them myself. But I require some help. Mani : I ________________________. Tell me, ______________________. Leema : Thank you, Mani. Let us stay back after the meeting and discuss. Ramesh : Have ___________________________ ? Meena : I think we should have some music for the interlude. Geetha : That would make it really interesting. I will get my music group to start working on the tunes for our puppet show. H. Now you are ready to start writing your script for Bommalattam on ‘Child Labour’. Guidelines for script writing Telegram-plane Write a brief description of the play in a story map format. (storyline, conflict/ problem, resolution, moral, puppet characters, backdrop and setting, properties) Telegram-plane Write a rough draft of the puppet play script (sound effects, timings/pauses, what the characters may be doing when not talking, direction for props etc.) Telegram-plane Edit and revise your rough draft. Make sure that the story is lucidly conveyed and feels like natural conversation to the listeners. Telegram-plane When your puppet play is ready, pick puppets of your choice and start practising. 17 English 9th English Unit 1 Prose 001-017.indd 17 13-12-2021 15:43:42  www.tntextbooks.in Unit 1 Poem * Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening Robert Frost 1. Have you ever travelled through a forest? How did you feel? Warm Up 2. Did you have any time to stop and enjoy the beauty of the forest? Whose woods these are I think I know. His house is in the village though; He will not see me stopping here To watch his woods fill up with snow. My little horse must think it queer To stop without a farmhouse near Between the woods and frozen lake The darkest evening of the year. He gives his harness bells a shake To ask if there is some mistake. The only other sound’s the sweep Of easy wind and downy flake. The woods are lovely, dark and deep. But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep. English 18 9th English Unit 1 Poem Pages 018-021.indd 18 13-12-2021 13:08:27  www.tntextbooks.in sweep (v) : to move swiftly and smoothly About the author downy (adj.) : soft and fluffy Robert Frost flake (n) :  a small piece of (1874-1968) was snowflake an American poet A. M  emorise the poem 'Stopping by noted for his realistic Woods on a Snowy descriptions of Evening'. rural life. Born on 26 March 1874, he spent his B. R  ead the following first 40 years as an unknown entity. lines and answer the He received four Pulitzer prizes for following questions. poetry and was a special guest at 1. He will not see me stopping here President John F. Kennedy‘s To watch his woods fill up with snow. inauguration. Frost became a poetic a) Whom does ‘he’ refer to? force and the unofficial Poet Laureate b) Identify the season in these lines. of the United States. Some of his 2. My little horse must think it queer famous works are The Road Not Taken, To stop without a farmhouse near West Running Brook, Mending Wall, a) Who is the speaker? After Apple Picking etc. b) Why should the horse think it Jawaharlal Nehru, the former queer? Prime Minister of India, had the c) Pick out the rhyming words. last two lines of this poem written 3. He gives his harness bells a shake in block letters and placed it on his To ask if there is some mistake. desk as these lines reminded him of his a) Whom does ‘he’ refer to in these responsibilities. lines? GLOSSARY b) Why does ‘he’ give his harness queer (adj.) : strange, odd bells a shake? c) How does the horse communicate woods (n) : an area of with the poet? land covered with a thick 4. T  he woods are lovely, dark and deep, growth of trees. But I have promises to keep harness (n) : a) How are the woods? straps and fittings by which a horse is b) Whom does ‘I’ refer to? fastened to a cart or carriage c) What are the promises the frozen (adj.) : in ice form speaker is talking about? 19 English 9th English Unit 1 Poem Pages 018-021.indd 19 13-12-2021 13:08:28  www.tntextbooks.in 5. And miles to go before I sleep, 3. W  hat are the sounds heard by the And miles to go before I sleep. poet? a) Why the poet has used the same 4. T  he poet is aware of two choices. What line twice? are they? What choice does he make b) Explain: miles to go before I sleep ultimately? C. C omplete the summary of the 5. P ick out words from the poem that poem by filling in the blanks. bring to mind peace and quiet. After a long travel the poet entered E. Identify the rhyme scheme used a___________. He wondered to whom in each stanza. One example has the wood _______! He realized that the been done for you. owner of the wood lived in a ________. He thought that the owner would not be Stanza Rhyme scheme able to ___________him stopping in his 1 aaba woods to watch _____________ fill the 2 woods. The poet felt that the horse would think it very _________ to stop near the 3 woods as he had never _____. He was 4 actually standing between the woods and _______. The time was ________. The horse indicated that the poet has made a F. C  omplete the table by identifying ________ by shaking its head. The poet lines, against the poetic devices felt that the woods are lovely, _______ from the poem. One example is and ______. He suddenly realized that done for you. he had worldly ______which would not Lines from the allow him to _______ in the woods for a Poetic device poem long time. Alliteration watch his woods D. A  nswer the questions in two or three sentences. Personification 1. W hat information does the poet highlight about the season and the Repetition time of the day in the poem? Imagery 2. In which way is the reaction of the speaker different from that of the horse? What does it convey? English 20 9th English Unit 1 Poem Pages 018-021.indd 20 13-12-2021 13:08:28  www.tntextbooks.in Writing G. Answer the following questions in a paragraph about 80 -100 words. 1. It is said, “The choices made by one, shapes one’s destiny”. Ponder on the thought and write a paragraph. H. W  ork in pairs and discuss the factors that contribute towards making a choice and make a presentation to the class. Read and Enjoy LEISURE What is this life if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare. No time to stand beneath the boughs, And stare as long as sheep or cows. No time to see, when woods we pass, Where squirrels hide their nuts in grass. No time to see, in broad daylight, Streams full of stars, like skies at night. No time to turn at Beauty’s glance, And watch her feet, how they can dance. No time to wait till her mouth can Enrich that smile her eyes began. A poor life this is, if full of care, We have no time to stand and stare. William Henry Davies 21 English 9th English Unit 1 Poem Pages 018-021.indd 21 13-12-2021 13:08:28  www.tntextbooks.in Unit 1 Supplementary The Envious Neighbour A Japanese Folk Tale Discuss the following. Warm Up 1. R  atan Tata and Azim Premji are a few rich people of India who spend a part of their wealth on charity. What influences them to share and care for others? 2. T  hink of any undesirable quality that you would like to get rid of and discuss it with your friends. 3. Do you like pets? Why? Now read the Japanese folk tale about Now, in the neighbouring house there dwelt two neighbours and how their character a covetous and stingy old couple, who when changed their lives. they heard what had happened, came and borrowed the dog and having taken him In the old, old days, there lived an honest man with his wife, who had a pet dog, which they used to feed with fish and tit-bit from their own kitchen. One day, as the old folks went out to work in their garden, the dog went with them, and began playing about. All of a sudden, the dog stopped short, and began to bark, “Bow, wow, wow!” wagging his tail violently. The old people thought that there must be something nice to eat under the ground, so they brought a spade and began digging, when, lo and behold! The home, prepared a great feast for him, and place was full of gold pieces and silver, said— “If you please, Mr. Dog, we should and all sorts of precious things, which be much obliged to you if you would show had been buried there. So, they gathered us a place with plenty of money in it.” the treasure and after giving alms to the poor, bought themselves rice-fields and The dog, however, who up to that time corn-fields, and became wealthy people. had received nothing but cuffs and kicks English 22 9th English Unit 1 Supplementary Pages 022-027.indd 22 13-12-2021 13:14:41  www.tntextbooks.in from his hosts, would not eat any of the dainties which they set before him; so, Dogs were the old people began to get cross, and, domesticated from putting a rope around the dog’s neck, led wolves 15,000 years him out into the garden. But it was all in ago. New evidence vain; he let them lead him where they suggests that dogs might, not a sound would the dog utter. were first domesticated in East Asia, He had no “bow-wow” for them. At last, possibly China. Over time, hundreds however, the dog stopped at a certain of breeds with a great degree of spot, and began to sniff. So, thinking that variation have come into being. this must surely be the lucky place, they dug, and found nothing but a quantity of dirt and nasty offal, over which they had to hold their noses. Furious at being the wood of the pine-tree; but when disappointed, the wicked old couple he ground his rice in it, each grain of seized the dog, and killed him. rice turned into some rich treasure. When the wicked old couple saw this, When the good old man saw that the they came to borrow the mortar; but no dog, whom he had lent, did not come sooner did they try to use it, all their rice home, he went next door to ask what had turned into filth; so, in a fit of rage, they become of him; and the wicked old man broke the mortar and burnt it. But the answered that he had killed the dog and buried him at the root of a pine-tree; so the good old fellow, with a heavy heart, went to the spot, and having set out a tray with delicious food, he burnt incense, and adorned the grave with flowers, as he shed tears over his lost pet. That night, when the good old man was fast asleep in bed, the dog appeared to him, and, after thanking him for all his kindness, said “Cause the pine-tree, under which I am buried, to be cut down and made into a mortar, and use it, thinking of it as if it were myself.” The old man did as the dog had told him to do, and made a mortar out of 23 English 9th English Unit 1 Supplementary Pages 022-027.indd 23 13-12-2021 13:14:41  www.tntextbooks.in good old man, little suspecting that his A certain prince, hearing of this, and precious mortar had been broken and thinking it a mighty strange thing, sent burnt, wondered why his neighbours for the old fellow, who showed his did not bring it back to him. power by causing all the withered plum and cherry trees to shoot out and put One night the dog appeared to him forth flowers. So, the prince gave him again in a dream, and told him what had a rich reward of pieces of silk and cloth happened, adding that if he would take and other presents, and sent him home the ashes of the burnt mortar and sprinkle rejoicing. them on withered trees, the trees would revive, and suddenly put out flowers. After saying this the dream vanished, and the old man, who heard for the first time of the loss of his mortar, ran out weeping to the neighbours’ house, and begged them, at any rate, to give him back the ashes of his treasure. Dogs in warfare have a very long Having obtained it, he returned home, history starting in ancient times. and made a trial of their virtues upon a From being trained in combat, to withered cherry tree, which, upon being their use as scouts, sentries and touched by the ashes, immediately began trackers, their uses have been to sprout and blossom. When he saw this varied and some continue to exist wonderful effect, he put the ashes into in modern military usage. a basket, and went about the country, announcing himself as an old man who As soon as the neighbours heard of had the power of bringing dead trees to this they collected all the ashes that life again. remained, and having put them in a basket, the wicked old man went out into the castle town, and gave out that he was the old man who had the power of reviving dead trees, and causing them to flower. He had not to wait long before he was called into the prince’s palace, and ordered to exhibit his power. But when he climbed up into a withered tree, and began to scatter the ashes, not English 24 9th English Unit 1 Supplementary Pages 022-027.indd 24 13-12-2021 13:14:41  www.tntextbooks.in a bud or flower appeared; but the ashes withered (v): all flew into the prince’s eyes and mouth, become dry and shriveled blinding and choking him. When the A. I dentify the character or speaker prince’s retainers saw this, they seized of the following lines. the old man, and beat him almost to death, so that he crawled off home in a 1. T  hey gathered the treasure. very sorry plight. When he and his wife 2. T  he pine tree under found out what a trap they had fallen which I am buried, to into, they scolded themselves. be cut down and made into a mortar. The good old man and woman, as soon as 3. T  hey dug, and found they heard of their neighbours’ distress, nothing but a quantity sent for them, and, after reproving of dirt and nasty offal. them for their greed and cruelty, gave them a share of their own riches, which, 4. H  e had not to wait long before he was by repeated strokes of luck, had now called into the prince's palace, and increased to a goodly sum. So, the wicked ordered to exhibit his power. old people mended their ways, and led 5. BOW, WOW, WOW! good and virtuous lives ever after. B. B ased on your understanding Glossary of the story, choose the right tit-bit (n): answers from the given options. a small piece of tasty food 1. The old farmer and his wife loved the dog wagging (n): a) b  ecause it helped them in their day-to-day work.  oving or causing to m b) as if it was their own baby. move rapidly to and fro c) a  s they were kind to all living covetous (adj): beings. having or showing a great desire to 2. When the old couple became rich, they possess something belonging to someone a) gave the dog better food. else b) invited their greedy neighbours to obliged (v): a feast. c) lived a comfortable life and were make (someone) legally or morally bound generous towards their poor to do something neighbours. mortar (n): a hard, strong bound in which substances are crushed to powder 25 English 9th English Unit 1 Supplementary Pages 022-027.indd 25 13-12-2021 13:14:41  www.tntextbooks.in 3. T  he greedy couple borrowed the mortar to make a) rich pastry and bean sauce. b) magic ash to win rewards. c) a pile of gold. C. Answer the following questions in a paragraph of about 80 to 100 words. 1. T  he old farmer was a kind person. Justify the statement with suitable examples from the story. 2. How did the dog help the farmer even after its death? 3. Why did the Prince reward the farmer but punish the neighbour for the same act? 4. B  ring out the difference between the two neighbours with suitable examples to support your view. D. Refer to what happens in the folktale and complete the story with the help of the hints given in the mind map. (1) T  here lived an honest man with his wife, who had a favourite _______________ got a treasure. (2) T  here dwelt a covetous and stingy old man and woman _______________ (3) T  he wicked old couple seized the dog, and ___________________ (4) They broke the mortar _______________ (5) T  hey collected all the ashes that remained _______________ English 26 9th English Unit 1 Supplementary Pages 022-027.indd 26 13-12-2021 13:14:41  www.tntextbooks.in ICT CORNER Word Challenge This application will enable the students to practice English grammar, words and spelling through activities. The activities in this applica- tion are graded from easy to hard. Learn English with Johnny Grammar's Word Challenge Steps 1. Install the application with the help of the link or the QR code given below. 2. Open the application and Register as a user or click “Play as Guest” 3. Once the application is open, the three options “Grammar”, “Words” and “Spelling” will appear. 4. Click any one of the three options to find a list of activities. 5. Select a