Social Sciences Modules PDF

**Module 1 -SSP** **Social science-** the study of men living in society.\ **Social Science -** methodological study of society, social phenomena, and impact.\ **Focus Of The Social Sciences** 1.Change in human relationships and reinterpretation between the present and past\ events.\ 2. Human acti...

**Module 1 -SSP** **Social science-** the study of men living in society.\ **Social Science -** methodological study of society, social phenomena, and impact.\ **Focus Of The Social Sciences** 1.Change in human relationships and reinterpretation between the present and past\ events.\ 2. Human activities are an interaction of cultural, biological, and physical elements.\ 3. Basic social systems and institutions.\ 4. Relationships between individuals and institutions; and among political economic and social institutions.\ 5. The nature of societies and the interactions of people with each other and also their social and physical environment. **Historical Background of Growth of Social Sciences** -development and progress of human knowledge\ -social science can be traced to Greek civilization\ -development as separate fields of knowledge only began in the modern period. Socrates -- Plato -- Aristotle **Auguste Comte (1798-1853)** - French philosopher who coined the term sociology.\ - first to systematize and give a complete analysis of the principles of the positive character of the social sciences.\ - endeavored to unify history, psychology, and economics in the understanding of the social realm. **MARTIN SELIGMAN -** is an American psychologist, educator, and author of self-help books.\ - According to him social sciences as those mental or cultural sciences which deal with the activities of the individual as member of the group. **HENRY PRATT FAIRCHILD (August 18, 1880 October 2, 1956)** - American sociologist.\ - "Social science is a general term for all the sciences which are concerned with human affairs." **Peter Lewis** said that "social sciences are concerned with the laws that govern society and the social department of man." **Module 2** **Religion of the World\ Buddhism -- 6.9%\ Hinduism -- 15.1%\ Christianity -- 31.2%\ Islam -- 24.1%\ Judaism -- 0.2%\ Unaffiliated -- 16%\ Folk Religions -- 5.7%\ Other Religions -- 0.8%** **Religion** -- belief in worship of god/service and worship of god or supernatural.\ - belief in spiritual beings.\ -- came from the word religion means respect what is sacred\ - organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that can relate humanity experience. **Significance of Religion\ **-provides moral/ethical framework, rules to give a good life, and belief in consequences for having lived properly or not.\ - acts as a glue, binding people together with common beliefs, practices, and rituals.\ - provides cohesion to help maintain social solidarity through shared rituals and beliefs.\ - social control to enforce religious based morals and norms to help maintain conformity.\ - give people a sense of purpose.\ - carry the archetypes, symbols, stories and worldviews\ - major influence on political, economic and social policy development. **Basic Element of Religions\ Belief in Supernatural Powers** -- powers as formless and unseen that influence aspects of human life.\ - beliefs vary from one religion to another.\ **Polytheists** - Hindus believe in the existence of no. of gods/goddesses\ **Monotheists --** people who believed in one god.**\ Belief in Holy or Sacred** -- the heart of the religion\ - these are symbols\ - they are not visible\ - symbolize both unseen and tangible things. **System of Rituals\ **-rituals are the practical side of religion\ - the variety of behavior:\ - wearing of special type of cloth\ - reciting prayers, and hymns, taking birth in holy rivers, singing, dancing, crawling, fasting, etc. **MODULE 3\ JUDAISM (1300 BC)** -Hebrew term "Yehudah" which means Judah.\ - predominant religion in Israel which constitutes\ 75.6% of the population.\ - 18 million followers in 2018\ - small ancient communities of Jewish who still live in Turkey, Iran, and Uzbekistan. **FOUNDER** - main founder is **Moses** but its\ history can be traded as far as **Abraham**.\ - Its symbol is known as **Star of David**.\ **PLACE OF ORIGIN ISRAEL --** **The Land of Jews**\ **HOLY SCRIPTURE -** **Tanach** (Jewish Bible) which is **composed of Pen.** **CORE TEACHINGS OF JUDAISM:**\ ∙ God created the universe\ ∙ God's creation is good\ ∙ Human beings are created in the image of God **CHRISTIANITY**\ - predominant religion in the world.\ - founded on the teachings of\ Jesus Christ\ - Greek term "**Christos**" meaning anointed referring to **Jesus Christ.** **BASIC TEACHINGS\ **The central teachings of traditional Christianity are that Jesus is the Son of God, the second person of the Trinity of God the Father, the son, and the Holy Spirit.**\ **- Apostles Creed\ - Lord\'s Prayer\ - Celebration of the Holy Week or Lenten Season (Pasyon, Penetensya, etc.)\ - Long Celebration of Christmas\ - Celebration of Fiestas in honor of Saints **ISLAM**\ -Submission to the will of Allah.\ - Its followers are called Muslim (Moslem)\ **FOUNDERS**\ -The prophet Muhammad (A.D. 570) a Mecca, in Saudi Arabia.\ - last prophet to be sent by Allah.\ **PLACE OF ORIGIN** - Saudi Arabia with Mecca as its holy city.\ **HOLY SCULPTURE** - The Quran is considered the word of God.\ **CORE TEACHINGS\ - Five Pillars of Islam** **SHAHADA** -Declaration of faith\ **SALAH -** Muslims are required to pray five times a day, washing themselves before prayer and facing in the direction of Mecca while praying(Salat).\ **ZAKAT -** giving a fixed proportion to charity\ - Muslims are required to give a away percentage of their earning to those less fortunate, regardless of their religion.\ **SAUM -** fasting during the month of Ramadan\ -During this time, Muslims reflect on their behavior and strive to purify their thoughts.\ **HAJJ -** pilgrimage to Mecca **HINDUISM** - the world\'s oldest religion (4,000 years)\ - known as Hindus.\ - Indian religion and dharma, or way of life.\ - The third-largest religion with over 1.25 billion followers, or 15--16% of the global population\ **FOUNDER** - Indo-Aryans who founded the said religion. Its nature of belief is polytheistic.\ **PLACE OF ORIGIN -** Indus Valley in India\ **HOLY SCRIPTURE** -- VEDAS\ **BASIC TEACHINGS**\ - Hindus believe in reincarnation (transmigration of the soul). **Hindu doctrines include the following:** **Ahimsa or Non-violence** (in thoughts and in deeds)\ **Dharma** which states that right action must be performed without any expectation of receiving something in return.\ **Doctrine of Karma** means action, work or deed. - It also refers to the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions of an individual influence the future