2Nd Industrial Revolution PDF

2ND INDUSTRIA L REVOLUTIO  ICE BREAKE  What is the Second Industrial Revolution? INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1.0  SECOND INDUSTRIAL The REVOLUTION Second Industrial Revolution was a process of technical innovations and economic transformations that began...

2ND INDUSTRIA L REVOLUTIO  ICE BREAKE  What is the Second Industrial Revolution? INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1.0  SECOND INDUSTRIAL The REVOLUTION Second Industrial Revolution was a process of technical innovations and economic transformations that began around 1870 and lasted until the outbreak of World War I, in 1914 In this way, capitalism spread at the global level. a) Identify key inventions of the Industrial Revolution 2.0, such as the internal combustion engine, automobile, airplane, tram, radio, telephone, phonograph, cinematograph, electric light bulb, dynamite, TNT. b) explain the cause and effect of industrial revolution 2.0 c) Compare and contrast the following: a. Industrial Revolution 1.0 b. Industrial Revolution 2.0  MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Geographic spread. - Industrialization, which had seen its first phase in Great Britain during the First Industrial Revolution, spread to several countries (particularly Germany, the United States, and Japan). Mass production - A new production method called "mass production" or "production line" was introduced, based on the assembly line and a rational division of labor to increase productivity in factories.  MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Development of Transportation - The rise in steel production for the construction of railways and ships, combined with the use of new fuels and the invention of the automobile and the airplane with internal combustion engines led to unprecedented transportation development. New Materials and Energy Sources - Technical and chemical innovations (including petroleum and electricity) entailed the use of new materials and energy sources.  MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Telecommumications - major transformation in telecommunications took place thanks to the invention of the telephone and radio, as well as of other innovations such as the phonograph and the cinematograph. INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Internal combustion engine - The first gasoline- powered internal combustion engine was developed by the German Nicolaus Otto in 1876.  INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Automobile - The internal combustion engine was first incorporated into an automobile in 1886 by German engineer Karl Benz. The automobile was perfected by the American Henry Ford when he launched his Ford Model T in 1908.  INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Airplane - although aviation was the result of long years of experimentation, it was only in the early 20th century that the development of powered aircraft began, revolutionizing airspace forever. The American Wright brothers were the first to make a sustained flight with a heavier-than-air powered aircraft in 1903.  INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Electric Tramway - while electric power did not replace steam for the operation of railroads, it led to the invention of a new type of urban passenger transport: the electric tramway. The first electric tramway track opened in Berlin in 1881.. INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Telegraph - Although its invention was prior to the Second Industrial Revolution, the use of this device for the transmission of coded messages over long distances by means of electrical signals became widespread during the second half of the 19th century, thanks to the system designed by the American Samuel Morse. INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Radio - The proof of the existence of electromagnetic waves by the German Heinrich Hertz in 1887 led to the invention of the wireless telegraph and the development of the radio by the Italian Guillermo Marconi in the early 20th century. INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Telephone - this telecommunication system was patented by the Scottish Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, its use becoming widespread in the 20th century.  INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Dynamite and TNT - In 1867, Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel patented dynamite, an explosive made from nitroglycerin that was safer than this substance and more powerful than black powder.  INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Phonograph - Invented in 1877 by the American Thomas lva Edison, it was the first device that made it possible to record and reproduce sound. It was soon surpassed in quality by the gramophone, patented by Emile Berliner in 1887.  INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Cinematograph - The first device that allowed filming and screening moving images without sound was invented by the Lumière brothers in France in 1895.  INVENTIONS OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Electric light bulb. At the start of the Second Industrial Revolution, the exploitation of petroleum made the use of kerosene lamps widespread (kerosene, a liquid obtained from petroleum). However, research in the field of electrical energy spurred experimentation with electric lamps. In 1879, the American Thomas Alva Edison invented a type of carbon-filament incandescent lamp that proved useful for public and domestic lighting. CAUSE AND EFFECT OF SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  Industrial expansion and new inventions - the technical and C technological innovations of the Second Industrial Revolution spread to other countries and regions, in particular to the United States, Western Europe and Japan, leading, in turn, to new research and inventions. A Emergence of modern entrepreneurs and modern banks - Wealth accumulation, interest in profit-making, and the development of economic U management by industrial entrepreneurs, combined with the expansion of international trade and the financial system, supported capital investment. S Political rise of the bourgeoisie - Political changes in Europe such as the Third Republic in France (1870) and the unification of Germany (1871) allowed the rise of the industrial bourgeoisie and economic modernization. In E Germany, the industry was strongly stimulated through protectionist policies.  Availability of raw materials - Access to raw materials, both local (for C example, cotton and oil in the United States, or iron and coal in Germany) and from the colonies (for example, Indian cotton exported to England), was vital to the supply of industrial production. A Population growth and increased demand - The growth of the U urban population to unprecedented levels led to a rise in the demand for goods and services in cities, which resulted in increased industrial production. S E E Increased productivity - The standardization of manufacturing that took place during the Second Industrial Revolution led to accelerated production time, increasing the productivity of large companies. F Growing unemployment - The replacement of employees with machinery caused unemployment during the Second Industrial Revolution. F Expansion and modernization of cities - Urban sprawl meant a bigger E number of major cities, which became even more populated and modern through the use of electricity for lighting, transportation (electric tram), and communications (telephone); the construction of large engineering works C (such as wrought iron or steel bridges); and in cities like New York or Chicago, skyscrapers (made possible thanks to the steel industry, reinforced concrete, and the invention of the elevator). T E Mass consumption - The use of new technology fueled mass consumption, both of consumer goods and entertainment (including cinema and radio), and sparked further innovations that transformed everyday life F throughout the 20th century. Development of technological innovations - New techniques and F technologies laid the groundwork for constant innovations that continued to change production and consumption throughout the 20th century, such as the refinement and increased speed of the means of transportation. E Military use of new technologies - When World War I broke out in 1914, C the technological advances that were brought about by the Second Industrial Revolution shaped a new type of conflict, much more lethal than previous ones due to the use of new technologies. T  DIFFERENCE AND SIMILARITY BETWEEN FIRST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION  Technological Advancements - The harnessing of steam power in the First Industrial Revolution and the subsequent introduction of electricity, steel, and mass production techniques in the Second were transformative milestones. Economic Shifts - They spurred urbanization, the growth of industries, and the rise of factories, leading to increased production capacities and the establishment of new economic systems. Capitalism expanded its reach, fostering entrepreneurial ventures and driving economic growth. Social Transformations - Societies experienced profound transformations during both revolutions. The migration of populations from rural to urban areas accelerated, creating new job opportunities while altering traditional ways of life. The emergence of factory work, wage labor, and the restructuring of social hierarchies characterized these societal changes.  Technological Advancements - Both eras were characterized by groundbreaking technological innovations that revolutionized industries and fundamentally altered societal structures. Economic Shifts - Both revolutions triggered significant economic shifts. Social Transformations - Societies experienced profound transformations during both revolutions. Global Impact - Both revolutions had far-reaching global consequences.  3RD INDUSTRIA L REVOLUTIO THANK YOU  THE DAWN OF SMART TECHNOLOGY: INDUSTRY 4.0 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0 INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0  What is Industry 4.0? Fourth Industrial Revolution, is a new phase in the Industrial Revolution that focuses heavily on interconnectivity, automation, machine learning, and real-time data. It marries physical production and operations with smart digital technology, machine learning, and big data to create a more holistic and better connected ecosystem for companies that focus on manufacturing and supply chain management. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0  When was the Industrial Revolution 4.0 started? Began to take shape in the early 21st century. The term was first coined at the Hannover Fair in 2011 in Germany, where discussions around the integration of advanced technologies in manufacturing processes were initiated. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0  The main technologies that characterize the Fourth Industrial Revolution are: ROBOTIC ARTIFICIAL S INTELLIGENCE (A.i) INTERNET OF THINGS INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0  Benefits of Industry 4.0 Increased efficiency and productivity: Automation and optimization of processes leads to higher efficiency and productivity. Enhanced flexibility: Flexible production allows companies to quickly adapt to changing market demands. Improved quality: Real-time monitoring and analytics help improve product quality and reduce defects. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0  Challenges of Industry 4.0 Cybersecurity Threats: With increased connectivity comes heightened vulnerability to cyberattacks.. Data Management and Privacy: The vast amounts of data generated by connected devices pose challenges in terms of storage, management, and privacy. High Implementation Costs: Transitioning to an Industry 4.0 framework can involve substantial initial investments in technology, infrastructure, and training. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4.0