Greek Civilization PDF

GEOGRAPHY OF GREECE The Greek Mainland is located at the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula. Surrounded by Ionian Sea (W), Aegean Sea (E) and the Mediterranean Sea (S). GREEK MICRO CIVILIZATION A.MINOANS OF CRETE Flourished in the Island of...

GEOGRAPHY OF GREECE The Greek Mainland is located at the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula. Surrounded by Ionian Sea (W), Aegean Sea (E) and the Mediterranean Sea (S). GREEK MICRO CIVILIZATION A.MINOANS OF CRETE Flourished in the Island of Crete Palace of Knossos - royal residences, and rooms for rituals and ceremonies Minoan arts revealed the Egyptian influence. MINOANS OF The Minoan Art - Frescoes CRETE MINOANS OF Minoan Literature CRETE The Minotaur It is depicted as a half-man, half-bull, who was confined to the labyrinth on Crete and eventually slain by the hero Theseus. MINOANS OF Fall of Minoan Civilization CRETE Invasion of the Mycenaeans Volcanic Eruptions in the island of Crete GREEK MICRO B. MYCENAEANS OF MAINLAND CIVILIZATIONS A period of warring states which built great fortress-like palaces (CITADELS) The Lion’s Gate - monumental palace complex used as a great hall MYCENAEANS Literature: The Trojan War The legendary conflict between the Greeks and the Trojans, famously depicted in Homer's epic. GREEK MICRO C. INVASION OF DORIANS CIVILIZATIONS Seafarers invaded Greece War-like tribe from the north that do not have the civilization of their own The dark ages of Greece GREEK POLIS or CITY STATES GREEK POLIS A. SPARTA Descendants of the Dorians A military state Every healthy male citizen is required to become a soldier. GREEK POLIS A. SPARTA Governed by two kings the council of elders advised the kings weak and sickly babies were left on mountain side and die GREEK POLIS A. SPARTA 7 yrs. old- sent to the barracks and 20 yrs. old- get married but must live to the barracks for 40 years GREEK POLIS A. SPARTA Was left far behind other city-states in economic development. Focused more on physical well-being and rejected philosophy. GREEK POLIS A. SPARTA Products pertaining to Sparta is always associated Discipline in military with durability and good training was based from quality. spartan way of training. GREEK POLIS B. ATHENS They named their place in honor to their goddess Athena It was also at the heart of Ancient Greece, a powerful civilization and empire GREEK POLIS B. ATHENS Democracy - the power lies in the hands of the people through participating in the government GREEK POLIS B. ATHENS Draco Solon Cleisthenes He made He allowed Introduced laws that citizens to democracy. carried harsh participate in Ostracism- expel of the undesirable person punishments assembly from the city GREEK POLIS B. ATHENS Agora - a place where they conduct conversations and debates. 7 yrs old - entered school GREEK POLIS B. ATHENS Plato - republic as Socrates - The the most effective socratic method Aristotle - realism government, and Idealism and the school of founded the Lyceum academy  The Greco-Persian War A series of conflicts between the Achaemenid Empire and Greek city- states VS.  THE GRECO - PERSIAN WARS 1. The Ionian 2. Battle of 3. Battle of Revolt Marathon Thermopylae 4. Battle of Salamis 5. Battle of Platea 1.The Ionian Revolt The collision between Greeks and the enormous empire of the Persians began when Cyrus the Great conquered the Greek- inhabited region of Ionia. 2. Battle of Marathon A battle between 20, 000 Persians vs. 10, 000 Greeks The Greeks attacked from the hills. Athenians hand Persia first ever defeat Pheidippides According to legend, He ran from Marathon to Athens (approx. 26 miles) to announce the victory before collapsing and dying from exhaustion. Phalanx - battle formation gave the Greeks the victory 3. Battle of Thermopylae 180,000 Persians vs King Leonidas and 300 spartans Persia sent supply vessels and invade Greece King Leonidas (Sparta) and Themistocles 4. Battle of Salamis The Persian Fleet attacked the Greek Fleet in the narrow strait of Salamis. The Persian fleet was almost destroyed. They used Greek GREEK TRIREMES 120 ft. x 15 ft. 170 rowers Battle of Salamis Fast and agile 5. Battle of Platea It was the final land battle during the Persian invasion of Greece The Greeks burned down the Persians. The end of Persian BATTLE/WAR WINNER Ionia Persia Marathon Greece Thermopylae Persia Salamis Greece Plataea Greece The Delian League The defensive alliance against possible attacks. Cause: Greeks feared for another Persian invasion. Pericles Athens greatest leader that united the Greek city- states. Parthenon (temple of Athena) was built atop the acropolis He strengthened democracy in Athens. The Contribution of the Greeks A.Religion - Greeks believed in 12 major Olympian gods and goddesses headed by Zeus. B. Architecture: 1. Doric Style characterized by firm and plain top 2. Ionic Style thinner with scroll- like vollute 3. Corinthian Style - decorated with leaves