SS Unit 1 Notes PDF

SS unit 1 notes Section 1 Religious vs Civic Loyalties Canada is a country of diverse religious beliefs. Occasionally, these beliefs contend with the civic laws, and people feel the need to reconcile their religious loyalties with their civic loyalties. According to the Canadian Charter of Rights an...

SS unit 1 notes Section 1 Religious vs Civic Loyalties Canada is a country of diverse religious beliefs. Occasionally, these beliefs contend with the civic laws, and people feel the need to reconcile their religious loyalties with their civic loyalties. According to the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, all Canadians have the freedom of religion. This freedom allows Canadians to challenge laws and regulations if they feel their religious freedom is at risk. So, if Canadian law gives us freedom to practice our religion, in case of a conflict who should win? Case Study for Religious Freedom- Case Study-2 In the 16th century, the British ruled most of Ireland. In 1654, most Irish Catholics were forced to move to Ireland’s West Coast. In 1922, 26 southern counties became the Republic of Ireland. 6 northern counties became Northern Ireland (still under British control). Northern Ireland had conflicts between Catholics and Protestants. Paramilitary groups like IRA and Protestant Loyalists continued fighting the regime. 1966-99: 3,500 dead, 36,000 injured. The 1998 Belfast Agreement put an end to most of the violence, also known as the “Good Friday Agreement”. Environmentalism & Contending Loyalties Consider the example of Trans Mountain Pipeline between Edmonton, AB and Burnaby, BC. Environmentalism is a philosophy and social movement based on the conservatism and rehabilitation of the natural environment following the damage caused by human consumption and development. Humanitarianism & Contending Loyalties Humanitarianism is a philosophy that is based on the belief that all human beings deserve to be treated with respect and dignity. Loyalty to humanitarianism drives people to save life and alleviate suffering. We talked about helping Ukrainians fleeing war and how they can be helped. What about the Russian Canadians- How do you think they reacted to war? ( There are around 7,00,000 people of Russian heritage in Canada) Did they justify war or followed humanitarianism? Same for Israeli-Canadians and Palestinian-Canadians? Or Iranian-Canadians? Class vs Nationalist Loyalties Winnipeg General Strike After WWI, people worked in poor conditions for low wages. In Winnipeg, in 1919, metal and building trades councils united to negotiate with the employers for better wages and an 8-hour a day work. Employers did not recognize the unions. 24,000 workers went on a strike at 11 a.m. on May 15, 6000 joined them later. Largest strike in Canadian history. Opposition to the Strike Local businessmen who called themselves Citizens’ Committee of One Thousand opposed the strike. They blamed “alien” workers for leading the strike. They published reports that the strike was an attempt to overthrow the present industrial and governmental system in ‘The Winnipeg Citizen’. When federal cabinet ministers arrived after a week, they refused to meet the strikers and only met with the Citizens’ Committee, which affected their decisions. The government amended the Immigration Act to deport without trial any seditious Britain born worker. On June 5 the mayor banned public demonstrations. On June 9. Entire police force was dismissed for refusing to sign a pledge to neither belong to a union nor participate in any demonstration. The city police was replaced with untrained citizens who roamed the streets with clubs to crush resistance. Which loyalty won? Bloody Saturday The climax of the strike came on Saturday, June 21, known as Bloody Saturday. During another protest, mounties fired on the protesters. About 120 shots were fired, in which 2 were killed and 30 wounded. Eighty people were arrested and military patrols took over the downtown area. Or Aftermath Many of the strikers were imprisoned. Several deported to Britain. Despite this, many labour focussed candidates won city and provincial elections, even from jail. Over time, laws were changed and unions saw increase in support and membership. Regional vs Nationalist Loyalties section 2 Contending Nationalist Loyalties Key Terms Contending Loyalties- Loyalties that compete. People sometimes need to choose among various loyalties based on their commitment to those loyalties. Cultural Pluralism- A belief or doctrine that holds that collectives should be encouraged to affirm and promote their unique cultural identity in a diverse society. Reasonable accommodation- A legal and constitutional concept that requires Canadian public institutions to adapt to the religious and cultural practices of minorities as long as these practices do not violate constitutional rights and freedoms. Reconciliation- An act of resolving differences and repairing relationships that enables people to come to terms with past injustices and to coexist in peace. Royal Commission- An independent public inquiry established by governments to examine complicated issues, hear testimony from people involved, and recommend ways of achieving a resolution.(1991) Sovereignists- In Canada, people who support the idea of Québec’s becoming an independent nation-state that can control their own destiny. Federalists- People who support a federal system of government. In Canada, people who oppose Québec sovereignty and believe that Québec should remain a Canadian province, ensuring its place in Confederation. Loyalty Contending Nationalist/ Non-Nationalist Loyalties Nationalist Loyalties Patriotism and Loyalty- While patriotism is an emotion, loyalty is a behavior that can stem from patriotism. How can one show loyalty towards one’s nation? Ways to show patriotism (or loyalty)- Attending parades, powwows, celebrations, festivals, etc. Keeping track of the latest news. Fighting a war for your country or serving in the defense forces. case studies on slides Section 3 and 4 Understanding of Nation and Nationalism What is a nation? The concept of a nation has many understandings. We often define it as it relates to citizens or people of a country. A nation can be defined as a group of people or citizens of a country who feel connected to one another in some way. This feeling of connection or belonging is important to understand the concept of nation, as what unites people is often intangible. What is a Nation? Nation, can therefore, be found in the feelings and minds of people. The many understandings of a nation can be understood by studying the connections made by people in a nation, which are related to: Ethnic background and ancestry Cultural values and beliefs History Languages and communication Religious or spiritual beliefs Geography Politics and citizenship There can be an overlap between shared experiences. For example, experiences related to ethnicity may include culture, language, and religion. Perspectives Individuals have different understandings of a nation. That is to say, different people will put importance on different aspects of their understanding of nation, for example- “A nation is a soul, a spiritual principle. Only two things constitute this soul, this spiritual principle. One is the past… one is the possession in common of a rich legacy of remembrances: the other is the consent, the desire to live together, the will to continue to value the heritage which all hold in common.” - Ernest Renan ( a 19th century French philosopher) What aspects of nation does Renan emphasize in his explanation of the concept? “Acadia needs to say what it is; that it is part of Canada, that is part of America, that is part of the international fraternity of Francophone nations, and that it therefore has its own place in the world- a place that is unique, just as each of the world’s peoples is unique.” - Antonine Maillet ( An Acadian writer) What aspects of nation does Maillet emphasize in her explanation of the concept? What is the difference between a nation and a nation-state? Whereas the concept of nation relates to something in the feelings and minds of people or to an internal connection to others, the concept of nation-state is more concrete, external concept. A nation-state is a territory with internationally recognized boundaries and a politically organized body of people under a sovereign government. Nation-states are considered sovereign because they are recognized by other nation-states as having a right to govern themselves independently. Nation-states are countries, and may have many nations exist within them. Nation-States Nation-states may or may not depend on cultural, linguistic, or ethnic connections. Citizens of a nation-state live in a politically defined territory that operates with common legal and moral beliefs. For example, some beliefs and values that connect people of Canada are- A belief in democratic government. The protection of rights and freedoms as described in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. (for example, language rights, mobility rights, freedom of expressions and religion) A belief in the principles of mixed economy. Belonging to a nation-state can also provide individuals with a sense of security because those who belong to a nation abide by the same set of rules and laws. Many nation-states around the world are made up of cultural, linguistic, ethnic, and other nations that live together within the same political framework. Examples- Canada- Inuit, Metis, Quebecois China- Han, Zhuang, Manchu, Tibetans, Mongols,etc. In geographically large countries like, China, India, Russia, or Canada- why might the connections between members of the nation-state be challenged at times? What is Nationalism? As with the concept of nation, there are diverse understandings of nationalism. Nationalism can be a belief in nation, a shared sense of kinship or belonging, or a shared consciousness of a collective identity. Generally speaking, it can be said that nationalism is the collective, shared sense of belonging of people who identify as a nation. Definitions Nation- A group of people who feel connections to one another in some way- a group. Nation-State- a territory with internationally recognized boundaries and politically organized body of people under a sovereign government- a country. Nationalism- A collective, shared sense of belonging of people who identify themselves as a nation- a feeling. Creating a Sense of Nationalism Geography, language, spirituality and religion, ethnicity, culture, and citizenship can inspire feelings of nationalism among members of a nation. As we explore various factors that can create a feeling of nationalism, consider the types of shared experiences that connect individual members and that these factors can sometimes overlap. Geography and Nationalism The land on which we live is a strong force in shaping our nations and in creating a sense of nationalism. A people’s relationship to their land can play a key role in definition a nation and creating a sense of belonging among a group of people. Consider the differences in connection to land between people of Alberta and Newfoundland Tibet wants sovereignty…what can be the reason? In addition, natural features such as mountains, water bodies, forests, and valleys also create connections for people. Man-made places, such as Pyramids of Giza, Stonehenge in England create a feeling of nationalism. Geography and Nationalism- First Nations “One of my elders told me a situation. He said we can get rid of all Dene people in Denendeh, we can all die off for some reason, but if there was another human being that came stumbling along and came to Denendeh, the environment would turn him into a Dene person. It’s the environment and the land that makes us Dene people.”- Roy Fabian Language in Nationalism Through a common mode of communication, the people of a nation can share ideas, wisdom, knowledge, and make meaningful connections. It can give a group a unique identity. For example, people in Quebec identify with French language. Spirituality and Nationalism Spirituality is a very complex term that may mean different things to different people based on their beliefs, values, and culture. Beliefs in spirituality may center around finding the meaning of life, achieving true potential, or connecting to a spiritual being. Jerusalem has significance for Christians, Jewish, and Muslims. The religious beliefs are based on understandings of one’s place in the world and ideas about how the group will live. It is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. Example- Israel Spirituality, Religion, and Nationalism These spiritual and religious understandings can create a sense of nationalism by sharing of common beliefs and traditions among a group of members. You feel as a part of a larger group and develop a sense of belonging. You relate to the belief systems, as it guides you on the path you take. Ethnic Ties and Nationalism Members of a nation may share ethnic ties such as ancestry, characteristics, family ties, history, and language, as well as cultural values, beliefs, and traditions. Shared ethnic ties can create a sense of belonging or nationalism because of their shared experiences. They may share a feeling of loyalty or pride to their ethnicity. Example- Koreans, Japanese, Somalis, Norwegian Many nation-states are made up of different ethnicities. This may be due to migration and drawing of political boundaries which encompasses many nations. Example- Canada, India, China, USA Culture and Nationalism Culture is the unknown way of knowing, being, and acting among the people of a nation based on their shared traditions, beliefs, and values. Shared cultural experiences can shape a person’s identity. Individuals often identify with many aspects, like- ethnicity, language, culture, or community. It can be done through food, clothes, TV, art, or films. Can you think of any examples of culture in your school or country? Citizenship and Nationalism Citizenship is a "relationship between an individual and a state to which the individual owes allegiance and in turn is entitled to its protection". Each state determines the conditions under which it will recognize persons as its citizens, and the conditions under which that status will be withdrawn. Citizenship creates a tangible way of creating a sense of nationalism by the way fo legal status, passport, legal documents like birth or death certificate. It may be shown in the following ways- obeying the laws of the country serving in the country’s armed forces voting in elections respecting the rights of others defending one’s own rights and the rights of others Chapter-1- Expressions of Nationalism Key Terms Self-determination- We participate in decisions that affect our lives. This includes a right to formal recognition of our group identities. We have control over our lives and future including our economic, social and cultural development. Sovereignty- Sovereignty is a political concept that refers to dominant power or supreme authority. In a monarchy, supreme power resides in the "sovereign", or king. In modern democracies, sovereign power rests with the people and is exercised through representative bodies such as Congress or Parliament. Civic & Ethnic Nationalism Expressions -the process of making known one's thoughts or feelings Nationalism - the collective, shared sense of belonging of people who identify themselves as a nation Expressions of Nationalism- When individuals or groups of people communicate or act on this shared sense of belonging We might think of patriotic expressions such as waving a flag, singing the national anthem, or competing in an international event on behalf of one’s country. These are all expressions of nationalism, but there are many more examples to explore. How do People Express Nationalism? Reflections What nation do you identify with? What types of connections and experiences do you share with other members of the nation? Have you expressed your nationalism in any of the ways described above? case studies on Slide