Soil & Water Resources Development And Conservation PDF

SOIL & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION, IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS BOARD EXAM COMPILATION AND REVIEW MATERIALS UPDATED Prepared by: ESTEH FRANK DFE CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY (CPU) ILO-ILO CITY 1 SOIL & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION, IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS (HASSANAL-BASRI) 1. The recent monsoon rains have posted a nearly uniform rainfall intensity of 30 mm/hr over a 1,500-hectare watershed area in Central Luzon. If the runoff coefficient is 0.15, what is the runoff in m3/sec? a. 18.75 b. 187.5 c. 1.87 d. 1.875 2. Ratio of the dry weight of soil particles to the weight of an equal volume of water a. Particle Density b. Bulk Density c. Real specific Density d. Apparent specific density 3. A television network is planning to air four 30-minute sitcoms namely: “Mana-Mana”, “Okidoki”, “Tanging Ama” and “Home Along da Sea”. In how many ways can the network arrange these sitcoms in a 7-9 pm time slot if “Mana- Mana” should be aired third? a. 1 b.2 c.6 d.24 4. An artesian well has a diameter of 10 cm. Under steady state condition, what is the expected discharge (lps) if the drawdown is 2.5 m and the radius of influence is 120 m? The aquifer’s hydraulic conductivity and thickness are 75 m/day and 4 m, respectively. a. 7.01 lps b. 8.01 lps c. 9.01 lps d. 10.01 lps 5. For rolling areas and non-uniform distribution of gages, distance factor fixed by location of gages is used for analysis using this method. a. Inverse Distance Ratio Method b. Grid-Point Method c. Isohyetal d. Thiessen polygon 6. What is the soil erosion of 10 T/ha/yr in mm/yr? Assume that the soil bulk density is 1.2 T/m3. a. 0.083 mm/yr c.0.83 mm/yr b. 8.33 mm/yr d.80.33 mm/yr 2 7. Which among the elements is a major element for plant nutrition? a. Boron b. Chlorine c. Nitrogen d. Silicon 8. The process of converting water and carbon dioxide into sugar using chlorophyll and light energy accompanied by the production of oxygen by green plants: a. respiration b. oxidation c. transpiration d. photosynthesis 9. An irrigation engineer, in his study, was able to establish that the irrigation requirement of crop XYZ is 6.5 mm/day. If the rootzone depth was estimated at 2 in. on the average, what should be the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver the 5-day requirement of a 10-ha farm in 24 hours? a. 31.62 lps b. 47.62 lps c. 57.62 lps d. 37.62 lps 10. Total water yield from a storm for a given watershed a. Surface runoff b. Subsurface runoff c. Groundwater runoff d. Runoff volume 11. The gross application depth is 93mm to irrigate a crop with a crop coefficient of 0.9. The reference crop evapotranspiration is 6mm/day. If the application efficiency is 70%, the irrigation interval is. a. 10days b.11days c.12days d.13days 12-13. An irrigation engineer is to irrigate a crop planted in furrows of 100m x 100m area. It was found out that the inflow rate is 0.5 lps per 100 m. If he decides to have a furrow spacing of 50 cm and an application depth of 100 mm, determine: 12. The total time to irrigating the whole field. a. 2.78 hrs c. 555.55 hrs b. 27.8 hrs d. 2,000,000 sec 13. The time of irrigating each furrow. a. 2.78 hrs c. 555.55 hrs b. 27.8 hrs d. 2,000,000 sec 14. This resembles terracing in that the drainage ditches are constructed around the slope on a uniform grade according to the land topography. 3 a. Random ditch system b. Double-main system c. Interception or cross-slope system d. Diversion or parallel ditch system… 15. It is the soil moisture allowable depletion of most crops. a. 50% b. 20% c. 80% d. 100% Given the following data: Evapotranspiration = 5 mm/day, Percolation = 2mm/day, Rainfall for November = 200 mm, Effective rainfall for Nov. = 50%, Soil Porosity = 60%, Apparent Specific Gravity = 1.4, Residual Soil Moisture = 15%, Rootzone depth = 200mm, Application efficiency = 75%, Conveyance efficiency = 80%, Ave. fraction of area covered = 0.5, Dependable flow = 4.5 m/sec, Duration of land soaking = 5 days 16. What is the net land soaking requirement? a. 78 mm/day c. 15.6 mm/day b. 7.8 mm/day d. 0.65 mm/day 17. Wherein the surface is rarely wet since the water is supplied from the soil underneath a. Sprinkler irrigation b. Sub-irrigation c. Drip or trickle irrigation d. Contour-ditch irrigation 18. An internal condition of a seed or bud that prevents its prompt germinating or sprouting under normal growth conditions: a. dormancy b. diffusion c. germination d. dominant 19. The process of moisture lost of plants through the leaves: a. germination b. transpiration c. oxidation d. flowering 4 20. A natural body composed of a variable mixture of broken and weathered minerals and decaying organic matter and when containing the proper amount of air and water, supplies sustenance and gives mechanical support of plants: a. fertilizer b. soil c. humus d. mineral 21. A concrete lined canal is to convey water over a distance of 250 m from the well to a tomato farm. Drop in elevation is 0.5 m over the 250 m canal length and roughness coefficient, n, is 0.018. Estimate the bottom width of a rectangular canal with a depth of flowing water of 0.25 m if the hydraulic radius is equal to the area of flow. a. b = 0.5 m b. b = 50 m c. b = 0.25 m d. b = 25 m 22. The velocity of water in the canal in Problem 21 is a. 0.62 m/sec b. 6.2 m/sec c. 62 m/sec d. 0.062 m/sec 23. It involves controlled flooding from field ditches along the contour of the land, which allows the water to flood down the slope between field ditches without employing dikes or other means that guide or restrict its movement. a. Sprinkler irrigation b. Sub-irrigation c. Level-border or basin irrigation d. Contour-ditch irrigation 24. The volume of the soil sample during sampling was 85 cc and weight after drying in the area was 130g. The volume weight of the soil is a. 1.5 g/cc b. 1.75 g/cc c. 1/25 g/cc d. nota 25. The percentage of moisture by weight in Problem 24 if the weight of the sample before drying was 145 g. a.12.5% b.10.5% c.9.5% d.11.5% 26. The amount of water in the soil layer of thickness 10 cm in Problem 24 is a.1.5 cm b.1.8 cm c.2.2 cm d.0.6 cm 5 27. Similar to that of tertiary canals, the main systems (main and secondary canals) also incur losses termed as conveyance losses. Seepage and percolation losses and evaporation along the conveyance canals comprise the conveyance losses. a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR) b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR) c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR) d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR) 28. The common name for Capra hircus: a. sheep b. pig c. mule d. goat 29. The discharge of first emitter in a dropper line is 12 lph. What is the allowable minimum discharge in the last emitter? a.9.6 lph b.10.8 lph c.10.6 lph d.9.8 lph 30. The ability of the stream to provide water determines the extent of the total service area of a national irrigation system a. Secondary canal b. Main canal c. Canal d. Canal capacity 31. The common name for Anser domesticus: a. chicken b. goose c. duck d. turkey 32. Includes evaporation and transpiration, lumped together as evapotranspiration. a. Irrigation water requirement (IWR) b. Consumptive c. Non-consumtive d. Crop water requirement (CWR) 33. What is the depth of flowing water in a trapezoidal canal with a side slope of 1:1 and base of 1.0 m if the stream velocity is 1 mps and the average discharge is 6 cms. a. 1.0 m b. 2.0 m c. 3.0 m d. 4.0 m 34. The ratio of the weight of water to the dry weight of the soil a. Soil Texture b. Soil Structure c. Porosity d. dry weight basis 6 35. The soil has a field capacity and permanent wilting point of 27% and 13%, respectively. What is the readily available moisture in cm of water per cm of soil if the bulk density is 1.25 g/cc? a. 10.25 cm/m b. 17.5 cm/m c. 13.12 cm/m d. 14.0 cm/m 36. Advanced stage of rill erosion. Rills when neglected develop in size and become gullies. a. Slip erosions b. Wind erosions c. Stream bank erosion d. Gully erosion 37. What discharge can be expected from an unconfined well 200 mm in diameter if the drawdown is 5 m in an aquifer saturated to a depth of 18 m? Assume the permeability and the radius of influence to be 20 m/day and 150 m, respectively. a.14.3 lps b. 13.8 lps c.15.4 lps d. 12.6 lps 38. Used for flood forecasting and water quality studies; watershed response time a. Surface time b. Time to peak c. Recession time d. Peak recession time 39. The hydraulic radius of a pipe with a diameter of 12 mm. a. 3 mm b. 12 mm c. 6 mm d. 4 mm 40. This is suitable on flat, poorly drained soils that have numerous shallow depresssions. a. Random ditch system b. Double-main system c. Interception or cross-slope system d. Diversion or parallel ditch system 41-44 A developer decided to establish a golf driving range having a 122m x 183m area. If they decide to start irrigating the area using sprinklers under the following conditions: Length of lateral = 122 m Spacing = 18.3 m Sprinkler spacing = 12.2 m Evapotranspiration = 6 mm/day Water holding capacity = 120 mm/m Irrigation period = 12 hrs Average rooting depth = 1.0 m Application efficiency = 70% Readily available moisture = 45% 7 41. What would be the application rate in mm/hr? a.12.86 b. 6.43 c. 0.54 d. 4.5 42. What is the irrigation interval in days? a.9 b. 12.86 c. 4.5 d. 6.43 43. What is the sprinkler discharge in lps? a.398.77 b. 39.88 c. 3.99x104 d. 0.4 44. What is the system capacity in lps? a.39.87 b. 27.91 c. 0.0279 d. 0.03987 45. Water is supplied to level plots surrounded by dikes or levees. This method is particularly useful on fine-textured soils with low permeability, it is necessary to hold the water on the surface to secure adequate penetration. a. Sprinkler irrigation b. Sub-irrigation c. Level-border or basin irrigation d. Contour-ditch irrigation 46. The most efficient trapezoidal cross section. a. width of the bottom= twice the depth b. depth = twice the bottom width c. width of the bottom = 4x the depth d. width of the top=2x the sum of sides 47. Removal of water from the road area by the use of culverts, ditches, channels and other several structures a. Crushed Gravel b. Roadway Embankment c. Course d. Drainage 48. The fraction of the irrigation water that must be leached through the root zone to control soil salinity at specified level. a. Leaching Requirement (LR) b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR) c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR) d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR) 49. Water horsepower divided by pump efficiency, in decimal. a. Stochastic process b. Water horsepower c. Brake horsepower d. Barrow process 8 50. In an attempt to the groundwater flow of a certain farm, two parallel canals have to be constructed. It was observed that the impervious layer exist at a depth of 1.9 m below the soil surface and the soil has a k value of 1.2 m/day. If the water table has to be maintained at a depth of 0.8 m below the soil surface, what will be the spacing of the drain when the drain level is 1.5 m below the soil. Assume a steady recharge of 2 mm/day. a. 2.52 m b. 50.20 m c. 5.02 m d. 502 m 51. A discharge of 20 lps is equivalent to: a. 2 m3/hr b. 20,000 m3/hr c. 0.02 li/min d. 72 m3/hr 52. This involves the averaging arithmetically all the rainfall depths measured by the rain gages within the area a. Inverse Distance Ratio Method b. Grid-Point Method c. Thiessen polygon d. Arithmetic mean 53. Given an irrigation depth of 30 cm and 10 hrs of irrigation time. Determine the discharge to irrigate a hectare of land. a.100 m3/hr b. 10 m3/hr c.300 m3/hr d. 50 m3/hr 54. Any open or close ground or surface for the passage of water. a. Water way b. Seepage c. Percolation d. Watershed 55.-58. An undisturbed soil sample 100 cc was gathered from a field 2 days after heavy rains when the soil moisture was expected to be at field capacity. The weight of the fresh sample was 176 g but was reduced to 142 g after oven drying. A second soil sample with a fresh weight and oven dried weight of 130 g and 116 g, respectively, was gathered 3 weeks later when the crop was observed to have a permanently wilted. 55. Determine the bulk density in g/cc. a.42 b.1.42 c.1.76 d.17.6 56. Determine the apparent specific gravity. a.1.42 b.1.42 c.1.76 d.17.7 57. Determine the field capacity (dry basis). a.19.32% b. 1.93% c. 23.94% d. 2.39% 9 58. Determine the wilting point (dry basis). a.1.2% b. 12% c. 10.77% d. 1.08% 59. Combination of sheet and splash erosion a. Interrill erosion b. Rill erosion c. Gully erosion d. Stream channel erosion 60–61.A crop has a depth of 0.6 m. F.C. and W.P. are 16% and 8%, respectively. Bulk density is 1.25 g/cc. The desired allowable soil moisture deficit is 60% of the allowable moisture and the average is 6 mm/day. 60. The depth of water to be stored in the rootzone per irrigation is: a. 3.6 m b.0.036 m c.36 mm d. 36 cm 61. The irrigation interval is: a. 6 days b.5 days c.7 days d.8 days 62. Caused by high velocity winds moving over barren land surfaces. a. Slip erosions b. Wind erosions c. Coastal erosions d. Stream bank erosion 63. Soil productivity is the ability of the soil a. to produce the desired amount of plant yield b. supply nutrients in sufficient and balanced amounts c. store and resist leaching nutrients d. all of the above 64. The percent N, P2O5 and K2O in a fertilizer a. fertilizer grade b. fertilizer ratio c. fertilizer recommendation d. none of the above 65. Which is not a single-element or straight fertilizer? a. Urea b. Muriate of Potash c. Ammonium phosphate d. Ammonium sulfate 66. Given bed slope=0.0003; Manning’s coefficient, n=0.03; b/d ratio=3.5; wetted perimeter, p=14; z=0.5. The velocity of flow along a trapezoidal canal is: a. 8.9 m/s b. 0.89 m/s c. 89 m/s d. 0.089 m/s 10 67. Primarily caused by raindrop a. Slip erosions b. Wind erosions c. Coastal erosions d. Splash/Raindrop erosion 68. The thickness of a confined aquifer is 5 m, well diameter=40 cm, radius of influence=250 m, k=10 m/day, height of water in the pumping well=1,325 m, height of piezometric surface=1,500 m. The steady state discharge is: a. 0.89 m3/sec b. 0.089 m3/sec c. 0.089 lps d. 0.89 lps 69. Surface runoff plus interflow a. Base flow b. Direct runoff c. Groundwater runoff d. Peak flow 70. How many sprinklers with spacing of 7m x 7m are needed to irrigate a rectangular field of 150m x 200m if the laterals are set parallel to the larger side of the field: a. 588 b. 609 c. 616 d. 638 71. The soil type largely influences the width of bed to be used. The furrows drain to collection ditches. a. Random ditch system b. Double-main system c. Bedding system d. Natural system 72. The scientific name for pigeon: a. Columbia livia b. Anser domesticus c. Gallus gallus d. Numida meleagris 73. If the theoretical flow of velocity in an orifice is 4 m/s, what is the height of water flowing above the center of the orifice? a. 0.8m b. 8.0m c. 0.9m d. 9.0m 74. The needed for water to infiltrate into the soil, depending on the depth of water and the soil. a. Infiltration rate b. Infiltration c. Infiltration efficiency d. None of the above 11 75. Irrigation systems that have relatively large service areas and are managed by government agencies a. Shallow Tubewell Irrigation Systems (STW) b. On-Farm Irrigation Facilities c. Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS) d. National Irrigation Systems (NIS) 76. Given an irrigation depth of 30 cm and 8 hrs of irrigation time. Determine the discharge needed to irrigate a hectare of land: a. 375 m3/hr b. 10 m3/hr c. 30 m3/hr d. 200 m3/hr 77. The soil moisture content when plants permanently wilt. The soil moisture tension at this point is about 15 atmospheres. Permanent wilting percentage can be estimated by dividing the field capacity by a factor ranging from 2.0 top 2.4, with the value higher for soils with higher silt content. a. Computation of moisture content b. Readily available moisture (RAM) c. Available moisture (AM) d. Permanent wilting point (or wilting coefficient) 79. A flood flow of 560 m3/s was determined to have a 50% probability of occurrence. What is its return period? a. 2 years c. 20 years b. 5 years d. 50 years 80. Type of flow wherein the depth of flow in a prismatic channel is constant at any point in the channel a. laminar flow b. uniform flow c. steady flow d. critical flow 81. Urea is one of the many form of commercial fertilizers with a typical grade of ______? a. 14-14-14 b. d. 0-0-60 c. 45-0-0 d. 0-30-0 82. The study of soil which puts more emphasis on the origin, characteristics, classification and description: a. Pedology b. Botany c. Pathology d. Agronomy 12 83. The unit of heredity, variation, sex determination and related phenomena: a. plasma b. protein c. gene d. cell 84. A farmer is to irrigate a crop planted in furrows of 100m x 100m area. His furrow spacing is 50 cm and the application depth is 100 mm. If the inflow rate is 0.4 lps/100m, determine the time of irrigating each furrow: a. 3.47 hrs b. 0.69 hrs c. 28.94 hrs d. 15 days 85-88. A developer decided to establish a golf driving range having a 150m x 100m area. If they decide to start irrigating the area using sprinklers under the following conditions: Length of lateral = 150 m Lateral Spacing = 10.0 m Sprinkler spacing along lateral = 10.0 m Soil water holding capacity = 120 m/min Average rooting depth = 0.5 m Evapotranspiration = 6 mm/day Readily available moisture = 50% Irrigation period = 8 hrs. Application efficiency = 70% 85. What would be the application rate in mm/hr? a.3.75 b.5.36 c.63.6 d.37.5 86. What is the irrigation interval in days? a.5 b.3.75 c.7.14 d.6 87. What is the sprinkler discharge in lps? a.1.5 b. 148.89 c. 536 d. 0.15 88. What is the system capacity in lps? a. 22.32 b. 15.62 c. 2.32 d. 1.56 89. Lands serviced by natural irrigation or irrigation facilities. These include land where water is not readily available as existing irrigation facilities need rehabilitation or upgrading or where irrigation water is not available year-round a. Irrigators’ Association b. Irrigation System c. Irrigated Lands d. Irrigable Lands 13 90. This property of run-off is used for flood forecasting and water quality analysis. It is the time where the flood flow is highest. a. Recession time b. Time to lag c. Run-off time d. Time to peak 91. A rectangular lined canal will be used to irrigate 60 has. If a Francis weir of 0.4m crest will be used to control the flow, what would be the depth of water over the crest in order to supply 2 lps/ha? a. 0.07m b. 0.30m c. 1.94m d. 4.47m 92. If the canal in the above condition is changed into a triangular canal, what would be the depth of water over the crest if a V-notch weir is used? a.0.37m b. 2.15m c.3.7m d. 0.22m 93. The ratio of water beneficially used on the project, farm or field to the amount of water delivered to the farm expressed in percent. a. Consumptive use efficiency b. Water storage efficiency c. Water-use efficiency d. Water application efficiency 94. A type of terrace usually used for 9-24% slope characterized by breaking the slope at certain intervals by a ridge and a flat portion to trap runoff. a. Bench terrace b. Zingg terrace c. Broad-based terrace d. Manning’s terrace 95. The operating pressure of the sprinkler heads in a sprinkler irrigation system is 12.52 kg/cm2. What is the allowable pressure (kg/m2) variation between the first and the last sprinkler head in a lateral? a. 2.504 b. 5.240 c. 25.04 d. 4.520 96. The ratio of the void volume to the total soil volume (unitless) a. Soil Texture b. Soil Structure c. Porosity d. dry weight basis 97. Ratio of the bulk density of the soil with the density of water; it is the ratio of the weight of soil to the weight of water with volume equal to the total soil volume a. Bulk density b. Particle density c. Apparent specific gravity d. Real specific gravity 14 98. A rectangular water tank, 2 meters high, is filled with water. Due to rust, a circular hole was made on lowest portion of one side of the tank. Considering that the tank is maintained full, what is the velocity of water right after its take-off from the hole? a. 6.26 m/s b. 39.22 m/s c. 4.43 m/s d. 19.63 m/s 99. If the speed of an irrigation centrifugal pump is increased by 30%, the power requirement is increased by: a. 2.197 b. 1.297 c. 2.917 d. 1.972 100. Include seepage and percolation losses. a. Irrigation water requirement (IWR) b. Consumptive c. Non-consumtive d. Crop water requirement (CWR) 15 SOIL & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION, IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS (AL-SAHID) 1-2. A farm ditch has depth of flowing water of 60 cm, bottom width=50 cm, side slope=1horizontal:1vertical, channel slope=0.02%. 1. The velocity of flow in m/sec is: a. 0.143 b. 0.0134 c. 0.314 d. 0.431 2. The discharge in m3/sec is: a. 0.027 b. 0.207 c. 0.702 d. 0.072 3. Determine the size of a pump to irrigate a 5-ha riceland. The water source is a stream with pumping head of 2 m. Evaporation=8mm/day; Percolation=2mm/day; Irrigation interval=5 days Irrigation period=10 hrs; Friction loss=0; Pump efficiency=80% Irrigation efficiency=80%. a. 2.129 hp b. 2.85 hp c. 5 hp d. 1.5 hp 4. Governed by chance; time dependent a. Stochastic process b. Probabilistic process c. Deterministic process d. Barrow process 5. A farmer proposes to use sprinkler on a rectangular field 160m x 120m with lateral line parallel to the shorter side. The land is adjacent to the river from which he pumps water. He needs a maximum application depth of 60 mm every 10 days. The maximum intake rate of the soil is 8.5 mm/hr and the application efficiency is 80%. Sprinkler spacing is 9m x 9m. What is the desired discharge per sprinkler in lps? a. 1.91 x 10-4 lps b. 0.19125 lps c. 0.6885 lps d. 688.5 lps 16 6. Interval between corresponding points on successive terraces a. Horizontal interval b. Vertical Interval c. Contour line d. Contour topography 7. It is a variation of the furrow method and it uses small rills or corrugations for irrigating closely spaced crops, such as small grains and pastures. a. Sprinkler irrigation b. Sub-irrigation c. Drip or trickle irrigation d. Corrugation irrigation 8-11. A farmer proposes to use sprinkler on a rectangular field 160m x 120m with lateral line parallel to the shorter side. The land is adjacent to the river from which he pumps water. He needs a maximum application depth of 60 mm every 10 days. The maximum intake rate of the soil is 8.5 mm/hr and the application efficiency is 80%. Sprinkler spacing is 9m x 9m. 8. How many sprinklers are in a lateral? a. 13 b. 18 c. 14 d. 17 9. How many number of lateral positions? a. 13 b. 18 c. 14 d. 17 10. How many hours will it take him to apply the water requirement in one lateral position? a. 7.06 hrs b. 10 days c. 2 hrs d. 8.82 hrs 11. What is the required pump discharge in lps? a. 45.53 b. 3.4 c. 2.55 d. 25.5 12. What should be the diameter of a pipe such that the two of them will be just sufficient to hold the water in an open canal 2m wide and 1m deep? Assume half square section canal and use a common slope of 0.0007 and Chezy’s coefficient = 58. a. 1.26 m b. 1.8 m c. 1.085 m d. 1 m 13. Measures the velocity of a floating object preferably in a straight section of a stream a. Float method b. Float type water stage recorder c. Bubbler gage d. Crest stage gage 17 14. The following depths of water penetration in meters were observed at 10m interval along a furrow irrigation system:0.65, 0.66, 0.68,0.72, 0.73, 0.77, 0.78, 0.80, 0.82, and 0.86. The uniformity coefficient is. a. 92% b.79% c.96% d.86% 15. Given the soil sampler with a diameter of 5.2 cm and length of 4.7 cm. What is the bulk volume of soil it could gather? a.100 cc b. 95 cc c. 120 cc d. 24.4 cc 16. A crop grown between orchard trees or on field between cropping season to protect the land from leaching and erosion: a. cover crop b. inter-tilled crop c. cash crop d. companion crop 17. A crop which is planted in shortly before the first crop is to be harvested: a. inter-tilled crop b. cash crop c. relay crop d. companion crop 18. The science or study of disease, its causes, and its controls: a. Agrometeorology b. Horticulture c. Pathology d. Botany 19. An engineer is to design the mainline of a sprinkler system which will use a steel (Scobey’s coefficient K = 0.40) to carry a flow of 6.5 lps. The length of pipe is 150m and the inside diameter is 100 mm. Compute the head loss of the system assuming a uniform flow. a. 3.16 m b. 1.36 m c. 1.5 m d. 1.8 m 20. A practical adaptation of reforestation whereby the species planted have economic value, such as mango, pili and so on. a. Cropping systems b. Strip cropping c. Agroforestry d. Reforestation 21. What is the evapotranspiration of corn during its growing period if the crop coefficient is 2.5 and the reference crop evapotranspiration is 6 mm/day? a. 2.44 mm/day b. 0.42 mm/day c. 8.5 mm/day d. 15 mm/day 22. The composite parts of the irrigation system that divert water from natural bodies of water such as rivers, streams, and lakes 18 a. Headworks b. Communal irrigation system c. Secondary canal d. Main canal 23. The scientific name of strawberry: a. Vitis vinifera b. Sandorium koetjape c. Cocos nucifera d. Fragaria vesca 24. The crop water requirement of an area grown to a certain crop refers to the amount of water used for the non-consumptive demands such as land soaking and land preparation, and for the consumptive demands such as evapotranspiration requirements of the crop during its entire growth period. a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR) b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR) c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR) d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR) 25. The soil has a field capacity of 30.8% volume basis and a permanent wilting point of 12% dry mass basis. The apparent specific gravity is 1.4. If the rootzone depth is 1.0m and the management allowable deficit is 50% the net application depth is. a. 70mm b.60mm c.50mm d.40mm 26. The capacity of a certain canal will be measured using a Cipolleti weir having a length of 0.5m. If the height of the flowing water above the crest is 13 cm, what is the well capacity in lps? a. 44.6 b. 43.59 c. 45.59 d. 42.59 27. With this discharge, what will be the head above the crest if a V-notch is installed somewhere along the same canal? a. 25 cm b. 24 cm c. 26 cm d. 27 cm 28. Delivery of 360 cfs to an 80-acre field is continued for 4 hrs. Tail water flow is estimated at 10 cfs. Soil probing after the irrigation indicates that 1 ft. of water was stored in the rootzone. Compute the application efficiency. a.60% b. 62% c. 92% d. 67% 29. (Crop rotation) planting different crops, one after the other each season 19 a. Graded terrace b. Relay cropping c. Multi cropping or mixed cropping d. Strip cropping 30. The duration of irrigation application for a 10ha cornfield for a given discharge of 100lps to obtain an average depth of application of 200mm assuming an application efficiency of 70% should be. a. 8hrs b. 10hrs c. 12hrs d.14hrs 31. How much water is needed in each irrigation if the moisture holding capacity of the soil is 1.5 in/ft and irrigation was started when 40% is depleted. The crop uses 0.25 in/day of moisture and has a root depth of 3 ft. If there is no rain, how often will irrigation be required? a. 4.8 in. every 6 days b. 1.8 in. every 7.2 days c. 2.8 in. every 4 days d. 3.8 in. every 5 days 32. The name for seasonal winds (derived from Arabic mausim, a season) a. trade winds b. Monsoon winds c. Valley winds d. Mountain winds 33. The Philippine Agricultural Engineering law of 1998. a. RA 8559 b. RA 8599 c. RA 8995 d. RA 8595 34. The Agriculture and Fisheries modernization act of 1998? a. RA 8535 b. RA8435 c. RA8543 d. RA8453 35. A notch of regular form through which the irrigation stream is made to flow and built as either portable or stationary structure. a. Parshall flume b. Weir c. Dam d. Orifice 36. Is soil detachment and transport resulting from the impact of water drops directly on soil particles or on thin water surfaces. 20 a. Interrill erosion b. Rill erosion c. Splash / raindrop erosion d. Stream channel erosion 37. Compute the water holding capacity of soil in inches if the F.C. is 30% and the wilting point is 15% of the dry soil density. This density is 80 lbs/ft3 and the soil depth to be irrigated is 2 feet. a. 3.6 b. 2.6 c. 5.6 d. 4.6 38. The mass per unit volume of the soil particle is: a. Porosity b. void ratio c. soil density d. specific gravity 39. Can stabilize the slopes of the gully and hence reduce runoff velocities. a. Riprap b. Grassed waterways c. Check dams or weirs d. Vegetation 40. The trapezoidal canal is to have a base width of 6 m and side slopes of 1:1. The velocity of flow is 0.6 m/sec. What slope must be given the bed in order to deliver 5 m3/sec. Use Kutther’s C, n=0.025. a. 0.00263 b. 0.0000263 c. 0.000263 d. 0.0263 41. Caused by the rising of warmer, lighter air in colder, denser surroundings. a. Frontal b. Convective precipitation c. Cyclonic precipitation d. Orographic precipitation 42. Land slides and slips due to saturation of steep hills and slopes. a. Slip erosions b. Wind erosions c. Coastal erosions d. Stream bank erosion 43. Given a probability of occurrence or exceedence of 5%. How many years will it take before a discharge of 1000 m3/sec will be equaled or exceeded? a. 10 b. 15 c. 20 d. 25 44. Composite facilities that permit entry of water to paddy areas and consist of farm ditches and turnouts 21 a. Shallow Tubewell Irrigation Systems (STW) b. On-Farm Irrigation Facilities c. Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS) d. National Irrigation Systems (NIS) 45. Given the following: bed slope = 0.0003 manning constant, n= 0.03 b/d ratio = 3.5 wetted perimeter = 14; z =0.5. The velocity of flow along a trapezoidal canal is? a. 8.2 m/s b. 0.82 m/s c. 82 m/s d. 0.082 m/s 46. It is accomplished by running water through small channels or furrows while it moves down or across the slope of the field. a. Corrugation irrigation b. Furrow irrigation c. Level-border or basin irrigation d. Contour-ditch irrigation 47. The recommended flow velocity on earth canals is. a. 0.30-1.0 m/s b. 1.0-2.0 m/s c. 0.10-0.75 m/s d. None of the above 48. Which is highly dependent on soil texture, refers to the downward movement of water through a depth of soil. a. Percolation b. Evapotranspiration c. Transpiration d. Seepage 49. A soil sample has wet mass of 120g and an undisturbed volume of 78cc. If the dry mass basis moisture content is 20%, the bulk density is. a. 3.28g/cc b. 1.28g/cc c. 2.28g/cc d. 4.28g/cc 50. If the rectangular canal have base of 0.65 m, what would be the depth of flow when the hydraulic radius is equal to the area of flow. a. 0.418 m b. 4.18 m c. 0.17 m d. 1.7 m 51. The ____ is the amount of water to be applied to the field as irrigation. a. Diversion Water Requirement (DWR) 22 b. Farm Water Requirement (FWR) c. Irrigation Water Requirement (IWR) d. Crop Water Requirement (CWR) 52. A concrete lined canal is to convey water over a distance of 250 m, from the well to farm, drop in elevation is 0.50 m over canal length and roughness coefficient, n=0.018. Estimate the bottom width of a rectangular canal with a depth of flowing water of 0.25 m, if the hydraulic radius is equal to the depth of flow? a. 0.5 m b. 5 m c. 50 m d. None of the above 53. What is the velocity of water in the canal in item above. a. 0.062 m/s b. 0.62 m/s c. 6.2 m/s d. 62 m/s 54. Graphs that show interrelations between speed, head discharge, and horsepower of a pump. a. Static head b. Total dynamic head c. Drawdown d. Characteristic curve 55. The most hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel section to carry a discharge of 5m3/s on a bed material with roughness n of 0.02 and a bottom slope of 1 in 800 should have a bottom width of. a. 1.65m b. 2.65m c. 3.65m d. 4.65m 56. A discharge of 20 L/sec is equivalent to. a. 2 cu.m/hr b. 20000 cu.m/hr c. 0.02 L/min d. 72 cu.m/hr 57. That portion of the available moisture that is most easily extracted by plants; this is approximately 75% of the available moisture. a. Computation of moisture content b. Readily available moisture (RAM) c. Available moisture (AM) d. Permanent wilting point (or wilting coefficient) 58. Given an irrigation depth of 30cm and 10 hrs of irrigation time, determine the discharge needed to irrigate a hectare of land a. 100 cu.m/hr 23 b. 10 cu.m/hr c. 30 cu.m/hr d. 300 cu.m/hr 59. Associated with the movement of air masses from high-pressure to low- pressure regions a. Frontal b. Non Frontal c. Cyclonic precipitation d. Orographic precipitation 60. One liter per second is equal to. a. 16.85 gpm b. 15.5 gpm c. 15.85 gpm d. 17.35 gpm 61. Lands which display marked characteristics justifying the operation of an irrigation system a. Irrigators’ Association b. Irrigation System c. Irrigated Lands d. Irrigable Lands 62. A farm channel carries a flow of 20 L/s for a field using furrow irrigation. If each furrow required a flow of 1 L/s, how many furrow can be irrigated at a time? a. 20 b. 200 c. 2000 d. NOTA 63. A method of asexual propagation involving the transfer of aerial parts of one plant (scion) to the root or trunk material (stock) of another plant: a. Hydroponics b. Grafting c. Inoculation d. Marcotting 64. The sequences of events occurring in a viable seed, starting with the inhibition of water, that leads to the growth and development of embryo: a. Reproduction b. Vegetative stage c. Fertilization d. Germination 65. A crop produced for direct sale for cash, as contracted with crops produced as livestock feed: a. cover crop 24 b. inter-tilled crop c. companion crop d. cash crop 66. An unlined trapezoidal irrigation canal is to carry a maximum discharge of 2,800lps. The side slope is to be set at 1:1. The head loss over a 1km distance is 1m. The Manning’s roughness coefficient is 0.025. If the maximum permissible velocity is 0.92m/s, the design depth should be. a. 10.95m b. 0.95m c. 2.95m d. 5.95m 67. The ratio of the normal consumptive use of water to the net amount of water depleted from the root zone soil. a. Consumptive use efficiency b. Water storage efficiency c. Water-use efficiency d. Water application efficiency 68. An agricultural engineer uses the quarter time rules in irrigating the field. If the contact time required to fill the soil reservoir is 1 day, how long will the water reach the far end of the field a. 240 min b. 260 min c. 360 min d. 320 min 69. The ratio between water stored in the soil root zone during irrigation and the water delivered to the farm expressed in percent. a. Consumptive use efficiency b. Water storage efficiency c. Water application efficiency d. Water conveyance efficiency 70. An average depth of 100mm of water is needed to irrigate 5 ha of land in 20 hrs, what stream size is needed? a. 6.95 L/s b. 69.5 L/s c. 695 L/s d. 6950 L/s 71. The velocity of flow into the soil caused by a unit hydraulic gradient in which the driving force is one kilogram per kilogram of water. a. Infiltration rate b. Intake rate c. Permeability d. Saturation point 72. 75mm of water is needed to irrigate the field. In order to irrigate adequately over the whole area, an average depth of 100mm must be applied, how much water is lost 25 a. 2.5mm b. 25mm c. 75mm d. 7.5mm 73. The time rate at which water will percolate into the soil and can be expressed in terms of the following empirical equations a. Infiltration rate b. Intake rate c. Permeability d. Saturation point 74. Suppose a farm channel 4km long with a cross sectional area of 0.75 sq.m is to be filled with water before irrigation can begin. How long will this take when the discharge is 30Lps? a. 27 hours b. 17 hours c. 10 hours d. 5 hours 75. Construction of earth embankment or ridge and channel across the slope at an acceptable grade to control the flow of runoff as well as soil particles. a. Riprap b. Gabions c. Diversion canal d. Terracing 76. An 8 mm rainfall was measured by a USWB standard rain gauge, 8 inches in diameter. Determines the depth in the inner cylinder whose area is 1/10 of the catch area a. 0.8 cm b. 259 mm c. 80 mm d. 80 cm 77. A 30inch diameter 1-meter long culvert has been designed to carry a maximum discharge of 1.7m3/s when flowing half-full. Its roughness coefficient n is 0.014. If the inlet and the outlet are both unsubmerged, the difference in elevation between the inlet and the outlet should be. a. 10cm b. 20cm c. 30cm d.40cm 78. Erosion caused by wave action on the seashore. a. Slip erosions b. Wind erosions c. Coastal erosions d. Stream bank erosion 79. Determine the 10 year period peak runoff for a 80ha watershed having a runoff coefficient of 0.4, maximum length of water is 610m and the fall along this path is 6m. The rainfall intensity for that return period is 101.25mm/hr having duration equal to the time of concentration 26 a. 9.0 b. 1.5 c. 16.5 d. 16.3 80. Combination and splash and sheet erosion a. Slip erosions b. Gully erosion c. Rill erosions d. Interrill erosions 81. The approximate threshold for the soil loss in the Philippines is around 12metric ton per hectare per year. Assuming a soil bulk density of 1.2 metric ton / cu. m, What is the soil erosion in mm/ yr. a. 0.1 mm / yr b. 1.0 mm / yr c. 10 mm / yr d. 100 mm / yr 82. Time for surface and interflow to recede; duration of flooding a. Surface time b. Base time c. Recession time d. Surface interflow time 83. The discharge in a triangular channel with a vertex angle of 90 degrees is 390lps. The critical depth is. a. 0.5m b. 5m c. 2.0m d. 1.0m 84. What is the erosion rate in 10 ha farm with an average slope of 3%. Given: slope length factor =1.0 soil erodibility= 0.25 conservation practice factor =1.0 rainfall factor =178 a. 267 mm / yr b. 26.7 mm / yr c. 2.67 mm /yr d. 80.1mm /yr 85. Same as groundwater runoff a. Base flow b. Subsurface runoff c. Groundwater runoff d. Runoff volume 86. A flood flow of 560 cu.m per second was determined to have a 20% probability of occurrence. What is its return period? a. 2 years 27 b. 5 years c. 20 years d. 50 years 87. For a watershed of 360 ha, the peak runoff rate for 0.5 cm/hr rain intensity (at the time of concentration) was observed as 2.5 cu.m/s. What is the runoff coefficient? a. 0.5 b. 0.005 c. 5.0 d. 0.05 88. If the depth changes abruptly over a comparatively short distance such as in a hydraulic jump a. Turbulent flow b. Gradually varied flow c. Rapidly varied flow d. Unsteady flow 89. Is the detachment and transport of soil particles from the land by water or wind action. a. Erodibility b. Erosivity c. Erosion d. Soil erosion 90. The theoretical flow velocity in an orifice is 4 m/s, what is the height of water flowing the center of the orifice? a. 20.4 cm b. 81.6 cm c. 361.2cm d. 90.3 cm 91. Which wets the entire land surface a. Hose pipe b. Watering can c. Drainage d. By flooding 92. Determine the crest length of a structure for a chute spillway for a design flow of 1.4 cms and a maximum water level at the inlet is 0.5 m, the coefficient of discharge is 1.66. a. 0.54 m b. 2.38 m 28 c. 4.38 m d. 3.28 m 93. Replanting of forest trees species in the watershed area a. Cropping systems b. Strip cropping c. Agroforestry d. Reforestation 94. A rectangular water tank, 2 m high is filled with water. Due to rust, a circular hole was made to the lowest portion of one side of the tank. Considering that the tank is maintained full, what is the velocity of water right after its take-off from the hole? a. 6.26 m/s b. 4.43 m/s c. 39.22 m/s d. 19.63 m/s 95. The channel where diverted water from a source flows to the intended area to be irrigated a. Headworks b. Secondary canal c. Main canal d. National irrigation system 96. The normal depth in a 2m wide concrete lined trapezoidal irrigation canal with a side slope z of 2 and a bottom slope of 0.2% for a discharge is 1.65m3/s is. a. 0.6m b. 1.6m c. 2.6m d. 3.6m 97. The method of fertilizer application in which the fertilizer is dissolved in water as prescribed and then sprayed on the upper portion of the plant particularly the leaves: a. broadcast method b. side dressing method c. foliar spray fertilizer d. localized fertilizer 98. The percentage of moisture on dry weight basis that is held against the pull of gravity, after drainage has ceased in a soil that has been saturated: a. wilting point b. air dry c. Hygroscopic coefficient d. field capacity 29 99. Plants living more than one year but in some cases, producing seed in the first year and every season thereafter: a. annual b. quarter-annual c. biennial d. perennial 100. What is the water depth in a 24 inch diameter culvert which flows at 500 gpm and 2 ft/s velocity? a. 24 in b. 1.4 in c. 12 in d. 7.2 in 30 SOIL & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION, IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS (KHALID-MAD) 1. Vulnerability or susceptibility of the soil to erosion. It is a function of both the physical properties of the soil and land management practices. a. Erodibility b. Erosivity c. Susceptibility d. Vulnerability 2. A horizontal fully flowing 4 in pipe is discharging water. The x and y- coordinate of the water trajectory is measured from the end of the pipe are 1.5 m and 0.8 m, respectively. Assuming that the coefficient of discharge is 1.0, what is the discharge of the pipe? a. 10 lps b. 20 lps c. 30 lps d. 40 lps 3. It is the simplest piece of overhead irrigation equipment and is commonly used in small-scale upland farming. a. Hose pipe b. Watering can c. Drainage d. Overhead irrigation 4. An imaginary line of constant elevation on the surface of the ground. a. Horizontal interval b. Vertical Interval c. Contour map d. Contour line 5. What should be the minimum weir height for measuring a flow of 1000 gpm with a 90 degree V-notch weir, if the flow is now moving at 5 ft/sec in a 2 ft wide rectangular channel? a. 1.5 ft b. 1.3 ft c. 1.4 ft d. 1.2 ft 31 6. The peak runoff in an 80ha watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 20mm/hr and a runoff coefficient of 0.7 is. a. 3.1m3/s b. 4.1m3/s c. 5.1m3/s d. 6.1m3/s 7. The process of covering the land surface with plant residues, plastic or other materials appropriate to arrest loss of moisture through evaporation a. Cropping systems b. Contour cultivation c. Mulching d. Strip cropping 8. A 10 inch diameter pipe is flowing 1/3 full, what is the velocity of the water if the volume of flow is 135 gpm? a. 7.2 m/s b. 2.0 ft/sec c. 10.6 ft/sec d. 3 m/s 9. The ratio of the volume of water to the total soil volume a. Soil Texture b. Volume basis or volumetric MC c. Porosity d. dry weight basis 10. The Scientific name for onion: a. Raphanus sativus b. Daucus carota c. Allium sativum d. Allium sepa 11. On a 20% hill slope, it is proposed to construct bench terraces with 1.1 batter slope, if the vertical interval is 2 m, what is the width of the terrace? a. 10 m b. 20 m c. 8 m d. 16 m 12.A major irrigation system managed by the national irrigation administration a. Communal irrigation system b. Secondary canal c. Main canal d. National irrigation system 32 13. 1250 cu.m of water was delivered to a 10 ha farm for the month of June in which the consumptive use is estimated at 8 mm/day. The effective rainfall for the period was 150 mm. What is the irrigation frequency? a. 32% b. 87% c. 72% d. 52% 14. Evapotranspiration in an 8 ha farm is 7 mm/day and percolation losses is 2 mm/day. What is the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver a 5 day requirement of the farm in 24 hours, if irrigation efficiency is 75%? a. 150 cu.m/hr b. 200 cu.m/hr c. 175 cu.m/hr d. 140 cu.m/hr 15. Expresses the relationship between speed in rpm, discharge in gpm, and head in feet. a. Static head b. Specific speed c. Drawdown d. Characteristic curve 16. What is the depth of water in a trapezoidal channel with a sideslope of 2 and carrying a 2.5 cu.m/s water flow? The channel bottom width is 1.5 m and the flowing water has a velocity of 0.8 m/s. a. 1.00 m b. 0.93 m c. 1.20 m d. 0.82 m 17. Provide record of the highest stage observed at a stream a. Float method b. Float type water stage recorder c. Bubbler gage d. Crest stage gage 18. An association of farmers within a contiguous area served by a national irrigation system or communal irrigation system a. Irrigators’ Association b. Irrigation System c. Irrigated Lands d. Irrigable Lands 33 19. How many sprinklers with spacing of 7m x 7m are needed to irrigate a rectangular piece of land 125m x 190m if the laterals are set parallels to the longer side of the field. a. 503 b. 504 c. 486 d. 485 20. Given the following direct runoff hydrograph in m3/s taken at 1hr interval in the mainstream of a 50sq.km watershed:0, 2.8, 13.8, 44.8, 77.8, 37.8, 12.8, 4.5, 1.8, 1.3, 0.9, 0.6, 0.2. The equivalent depth of direct runoff is. a. 14.3mm b.15.3mm c.16.3mm d.17.3mm 21. The ratio between the water delivered to the farm and the water diverted from a river or reservoir expressed in percent a. Water storage efficiency b. Water-use efficiency c. Water application efficiency d. Water conveyance efficiency 22. Consists of carrying out agricultural operations very nearly on the contour. It reduces the velocity of overland flow and retards soil erosion a. Cropping systems b. Contour cultivation c. Mulching d. Strip cropping 23. If the impeller speed of a centrifugal pump is increased from 1800 rpm to 2340 rpm, the resulting power will be how many times the original? a. 1690 b. 2197 c. 1091 d. 1140 24. Is a graphical representation of the instantaneous runoff rate against time. The area under the hydrograph gives the runoff volume a. Hydrograph b. Pearson hydrograph c. Log-Normal Distribution hydrograph d. Normal hydrograph 25. One liter per second is equal to a. 16.85 gpm b. 15.5 gpm c. 15.85 gpm d. 17.35 gpm 34 26. An irrigation system that is managed by a bonafide irrigators’ association a. Headworks b. Communal irrigation system c. Shallow tubewell d. National irrigation system 27. Record the pressure required to maintain a small flow of gas from an orifice submerged in the stream a. Float method b. Float type water stage recorder c. Bubbler gage d. Crest stage gage 28. A soil sample was obtained using s cylindrical soil sampler with a 4 inches diameter and 10 inches height. After oven drying the sample weight 2470 g, what is the soil bulk density? a. 12 g/cc b. 11 g/cc c. 1200 kg/cu.m d. 1.3 kg/cu.m 29. Compute the wetted perimeter of the above problem: a. 0.163 m b. 1.63 m c. 16.3 m d. NOTA 30. The hydraulic radius is: a. 0.22 m b. 2.2 m c. 22 m d. NOTA 31. The velocity of the flow is: a. 0.58 m/s b. 1.05 m/s c. 0.25 m/s d. 0.45 m/s 32. What is the discharge in li/sec? a. 300 li/sec b. 178 li/sec c. 209 li/sec d. 200 li/sec 35 33. A dam spillway is to be designed to have a service life of 50 years. If the acceptable risk for structural failure due to excessive flood discharge is 10%, the spillway should be designed for a return period of. a. 175 years b. 275 years c. 375 years d. 475 years 34. Planting different crops simultaneously in the same field at the same cropping season. a. Graded terrace b. Relay cropping c. Multi cropping or mixed cropping d. Strip cropping 35. An irrigation engineer is to irrigate a crop planted in furrows of 100m x 100m area. The inflow rate is 0.5 li/sec/100m. If the furrow spacing is 50 cm and the application depth is 100 mm, determine the time in hours to irrigate the whole area. a. 55.68 hrs b. 555.6 hrs c. 450.17 hrs d. 245.56 hrs 36. Discharge is not constant with respect to time a. Spatially variable flow b. Turbulent flow c. Laminar flow d. Unsteady flow 37. From the above problem, determine the time in hours to irrigate each furrow a. 2.78 hrs/furrow b. 2.45 hrs/furrow c. 147 min/furrow d. Two of the above 38. The lateral flow of liquid through porous media; the lost of water from irrigation canals. a. Soil conservation b. Seepage c. Percolation d. Watershed 36 39. Find the irrigation interval. Given the ff. WHC- 1.5; MAD- 50%; allowed depletion-0.75 cm; ET/Ea-2.22 mm/day a. 3 days b. 2 days c. 4 days d. All of the above 40. The discharge in a 6.56ft wide trapezoidal open channel with a side slope of 1:1 and a bottom slope of 0.1% is 98.8 ft3/s when the depth of flow is 1.0m.The roughness coefficient is. a. 0.025 b.1.025 c.2.025 d.3.025 41. A term adapted to measures utilizing both or in combination with the biological and engineering measures. a. Culvert b. Vengineering c. Drop structures d. Flume 42. Establishment of natural waterways or construction of canals and planting it with grasses to make it stable and arrest soil erosion a. Riprap b. Grassed waterways c. Check dams or weirs d. Farm Ponds / Water Impounding Dams 43. Landslides and slips due to saturation of steep hills and slopes. a. Slip erosions b. Wind erosions c. Coastal erosions d. Stream bank erosion 44. A floating object travelled a distance of 10m in 9.5 seconds on the average in a 0.5m deep parabolic channel. If the top width is 1.0m the discharge is. a. 10.3m3/s b. 1.3m3/s c. 0.3m3/s d. 5.3m3/s 45. The peak runoff in the mainstream of a watershed has a mean of 128 m3/s and a standard deviation of 52 m3/s. If the sample data is normally distributed, the magnitude of runoff corresponding to a probability of exceedance of 16% is a. 128 m3/s b. 76 m3/s c. 180 m3/s d. 52 m3/s 37 46. The scientific name for sheep: a. Capra hircus b. Sus domesticus c. Bubalus Bubalis d. Ovis aries 47. Moisture content present in the soil when gravitational water has been removed is called: a. wilting point b. field capacity c. unavailable moisture d. nota 48. A culvert has been designed for a flood discharge with a return period of 50 years. The risk that the culvert will experience the design flood one or more times in 75 years is a. 2% b. 22% c. 67% d. 78% 49. 75% of available moisture is called: a. readily available moisture b. hygroscopic water c. permanent wilting point d. nota 50. The following infiltration capacity equation has been derived based on experimental data: f = 10 + 5e-12t where f is in mm/hr and t is in hr. The cumulative infiltration in mm after 45 minutes is a. 7.5mm b. 7.9 mm c. 79 mm d. 450 mm 51. The water right based on the concept first time, first in right: a. Right of way b. Appropriation Act c. General Appropriation d. nota 52. The volume of water that can be stored in or released from an aquifer per unit horizontal area per unit change in hydraulic head is a. specific storage b. specific yield c. storage coefficient d. transmissivity 53. The lateral movement of water in the soil: a. seepage b. drainage c. irrigation d. flooding 38 54. The velocities at depths of 0.16m and 0.64m in a 0.8m deep and 1.0m wide rectangular open channel are 1.2m/s and 0.3m/s, respectively. The discharge is. a. 0.6m3/s b. 1.6m3/s c. 2.6m3/s d. 3.6m3/s 55. The discharge through a 90 v-notch weir may be computed by: a. Q = 0.0184LH3/2 b. Q = 0.0184(L-.2H)3/2 c. Q = 0.0186LH3/2 d. Q = 0.0138H5/2 56. A fully penetrating well installed in a confined aquifer with a transmissivity of 197 m2/day is pumped at a constant rate. If the drawdowns in two observation wells 8 m and 22 m from the pumped well were observed to be 1.42 m and 0.44 m, respectively, the steady state pump discharge is a. 200 gpm b. 220 gpm c. 240 gpm d. 260 gpm 57. Development of deep well by compressed air is best suited for ___wells. a. big b. small* c. open d. nota 58. The velocities at 0.2 and 0.8 of the depth of flow in a parabolic open channel are 1.0 m/s and 0. 2 m/s, respectively. If the flow depth is 0.5 m and the top width is 1.5 m, the discharge is a. 500 lps b. 450 lps c. 300 lps d. 250 lps 59. The mass per unit volume of the soil particles is: a. specific gravity b. porosity c. soil density d. void ratio 60. The ratio of the volume of pores to the volume of solid is: a. void ratio b. porosity c. specific gravity d. soil density 61. Given the following direct runoff hydrograph in m3/s taken at 1-hr interval in the mainstream of a 50 sq. km watershed: 0, 2.8, 13.8, 44.8, 77.8, 37.8, 12.8, 4.5, 1.8, 1.3, 0.9, 0.6, 0.2. The equivalent depth of direct runoff is a. 10.3 mm b. 12.3 mm c. 14.3 mm d. 16.3 mm 62. Water held by forces of surface tension and continuous films around the soil particles is: a. capillary water b. hygroscopic water c. gravitational water d. soil water 39 63. A fully penetrating well installed in a confined aquifer with a transmissivity of 197m2/day is pumped at a constant rate. If the drawdowns in two observation wells 8m and 22m from the pumped well were observed to be 1.42m and 0.44m, respectively the steady state pump discharge is. a. 120gpm b.220gpm c.420gpm d.320gpm 64. Water held tightly to the surface of soil particle by adsorption forces is: a. capillary water b. hygroscopic water c. soil water d. gravitational water 65. The peak runoff in a 50 ha-watershed corresponding to a rainfall intensity of 25 mm/hr and a runoff coefficient of 0.8 is a. 2.8 m3/s b. 28 m3/s c. 280 m3/s d. 1,000 m3/s 66. Streamflow in a river was measured at various stages using a current meter. The results are given below: The stage-discharge relation of the form q = ahb is to be developed. Based on the observed data, the value of the exponent b is a. 0.9 b. 1.9 c. 2.1 d. 2.9 67. It is the sheet of water which overflows a weir: a. Napped b. weir pond c. weir crest c. weir gauge 68. Sprinkler type with operating pressure from 20-40 psi: a. high pressure b. low pressure c. medium pressure d. nota 69. The type of erosion that takes place in small channels which cannot be obliterated by tillage operations is called a. sheet b. rill c. interrill d. gully 40 70. An appurtenance to the pipeline which permits the passage of air to or from the pipeline. a. surge b. water hammer c. vent d. gate 71. It is the combined process of evaporation and transpiration from plants. a. evaporation b. transpiration c. evapo-transpiration d. condensation 72. Barrier constructed to hold water back and raise its level. a. channel b. dam c. well d. weir 73. The volume of water flowing each second, measured in m3/sec. a. stream b. discharge c. velocity d. cross-sectional area 74. Term for solar radiation received at the earth’s surface a. insolation b. illuminance c. radiation d. reflectiion 75. The channel connected to the main canal which distributes irrigation to specific areas a. Headworks b. Communal irrigation system c. Shallow tubewell d. Secondary canal 76. The minimum distance from the center of the lone pumped well wherein no drawdown will be observed is the __________________. a. well radius b. radius of interference c. radius of influence d. drawdown curve 77. A 27 mm/day water requirement is equivalent to a. 29.75 gpm/ha c. 3.125 lps/ha b. 1.125 lps/ha d. 17.875 gpm/ha 41 78. On the weather map, lines representing points of equal pressure is called. a. Isohyets b. Contour lines c. Isobars d. None of the above 79. Planting different crops simultaneously in the same field at the same cropping season. a. Mixed/multiple cropping b. Relay cropping c. Inter cropping d. Strip cropping 80. Compute the unidirectional flow in two parallel drains; 1200 m apart if the soil hydraulic conductivity is 10m/day and the water level at the drains are 7 and 9 meters. a. 0.00035 m2/hr c. 0.0083 m2/hr b. 0.0007 m2/hr d. 0.0056 m2/hr 81. Compute the land soaking requirement for a soil ( depth of rootzone = 35cm) with residual moisture content of 15% by mass, bulk density of 1,280 kg/m3 and porosity of 45%. Standing water for planting is 25 mm. a. 115.3 mm c. 90.3 mm b. 134.4 mm d. 159.4 mm 82. A 25-ft thick confined aquifer with hydraulic conductivity of 500ft/day was tapped by a 4” shallow tubewell. With a radius of influence of 2000 ft, determine the maximum discharge of the STW in liters per second. Assume an allowable drawdown of 10 ft. a. 29.61 c. 41.15 b. 27.43 d. 44.42 83. For an 8m x 8m sprinkler spacing, what is the design sprinkler throw for a 40% overlap? a. 3.2 m b. 6.4 m c. 5.6 m d. 10 m 84. Vigna radiata is commonly known as: a. mungbean b. castor bean c. rice bean d. peanut 42 85. Determine the design freeboard for a canal with a 100% safety factor for discharge. The canal bottom width is 1.2 meters and the inverse side slope is 1.75. The design discharge is 10. 4427 m3/s; roughness coefficient is.015 and the water surface slope is 5x10-3. a. 0.40 m c. 1.98 m b. 1.40 m d. 0.58 m 86-88. An unconfined aquifer is situated above a horizontal impervious base and is composed of sand with a hydraulic conductivity of 12m/day. In this aquifer, two fully penetrating ditches from a strip of land with a constant width of 1250m. The water level in the left and right ditches rises to 8 and 12m above the impervious base, respectively. The recharge by rainfall is 7.5 mm/day. Evaporation losses amount to 2.5 mm/day. 86. Compute the flow into the right drain. a. 3.509 m2 / day c. 2.741 m2 / day b. 5.0715 m2 / day d.4.3035 m2 / day 87. Compute the flow into the left drain. a. 3.509 m2 / day c. 2.741 m2 / day b. 5.0715 m2 / day d.4.3035 m2 / day 88. Compute the maximum elevation of water table inside the strip of land. a. 18.53 m b. c. 16.41 m c. 16.11 m d. d. 18.70 m 89. The 60 cm deep rootzone of a soil has volumetric field capacity and wilting point of 0.345 and 0.236 respectively. Crop consumptive use is 7.2 mm/day. Compute for the irrigation interval assuming there is 1.7 mm daily rainfall and 80% allowable moisture depletion. a. 8 days c. 10 days b. 9 days d. 11 days 90. For the most efficient trapezoidal cross-section: a. width of the bottom=1.5 of the depth b. width of the top=sum of sides c. width of the bottom=twice the depth d. width of the to=1/2 the sum of sides 91. A conveyance structure used to turn conduits of varying sizes and shapes. a. cut off b. transition c. weir d. chute 43 92. Surface irrigation method where a much smaller area is enclosed by levees. a. trickle irrigation b. drip irrigation c. basin flooding d. flood routing 93. The critical depth in a rectangular channel with a bottom width of 4.0 m for a discharge of 5 m3/s is a. 0.34 m b. 0.44 m c. 0.54 m d. 0.64 m 94. That part of surface runoff that flows over the surface towards the stream channel a. Base flow b. Direct runoff c. Overland flow d. Peak flow 95. Erosion of stream banks by flowing water. a. Slip erosions b. Wind erosions c. Coastal erosions d. Stream bank erosion 95. A 30-inch diameter 1-meter long culvert has been designed to carry a maximum discharge of 1.7 m3/s when flowing half-full. Its roughness coefficient n is 0.014. If the inlet and the outlet are both unsubmerged, the difference in elevation between the inlet and the outlet should be a. 5 cm b. 7.5 cm c. 10 cm d. 12.5 cm 96. What is the depth of water in a trapezoidal channel with a sideslope of 2 and carrying a 2.5 m3/s water flow? The channel’s bottom width is 1.5 meters and the flowing water has a velocity of 0.8 m/s. a. 0.93m b. 1.93m c. 2.93m d. 3.93m 97. A vertical section to the soil mass where significant changes in the soil texture and structure with depth are observed a. Soil profile b. Soil structure c. Soil texture d. Soil taxonomy 44 98. The moisture content of the soil when tension is 1/3 atmosphere. a. Field capacity b. Saturation point c. Wilting point d. None of the above 99. This refer to the additional height or depth of hydraulic structures a. Flash board b. Free board c. Jump height d. Critical dept 100. The rational method of determining runoff is applicable to. a. Small watershed b. Large watershed c. Watershed with good vegetation d. All watershed 45 SOIL & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION, IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS (OMAR) 1. Refers to the number of days between irrigation periods without rainfall. a. irrigation frequency b. irrigation efficiency c. Irrigation method d. irrigation period 2. It is type of erosion where small channels are formed on the surface of the soil a. Splash b. rill c. sheet d. gully 3. One in which a definite law of certainty exists a. Stochastic process b. Probabilistic process c. Deterministic process d. Barrow process 4. The other term for gravity well. a. Confined well b. Water table well c. Deep well d. Well on perched aquifer 5. A storm type occuring at the boundaries of warm moist air and dry cold air. a. Orographic storm b. Frontal storm c. Convective storm d. None of the above 6. The no. of days allowed for operating irrigation to a given design area during the peak consumptive period of the crop being irrigated. a. irrigation method b. irrigation period c. irrigation frequency d. irrigation efficiency 46 7. A concrete-lined trapezoidal canal is to carry a maximum discharge of 2.0 m3/s. The required head loss over a horizontal distance of 1 km is 2.0 m. The side slope is to be set at 1:1 and the permissible b/d ratio is 3. If the Manning’s roughness coefficient is 0.015, the design depth required is a. 0.42 m b. 0.56 m c. 0.64 m d. 0.78 m 8. A property associated with surface tension of liquid and manifested in the rise and fall of liquids in small diameter tubes. a. conduction b. capillary c. cavitation d. condensation 9. Amount of rainfall in the rootzone. a. consumptive use b. seepage c. percolation d. effective rainfall 10. The most hydraulically efficient trapezoidal channel section to carry a discharge of 5 m3/s on a bed material with a roughness n of 0.02 and a bottom slope of 1 in 800 should have a bottom width of a. 0.75 m b. 1.35 m c. 1.65 m d. 2.25 m 11. The soil has a field capacity of 22% and a permanent wilting point of 12 %, both on a dry mass basis. The apparent specific gravity is 1.4. If the rootzone depth is 1.0 m and the management allowable deficit is 50%, the net application depth is a. 50 mm b. 60 mm c. 70 mm d. 80 mm 12. A 3-ha of cornfield is to be irrigated at a discharge of 250 lps. The average available water holding capacity is 140 mm/m soil, the management allowable deficit is 40%, and the rootzone depth is 0.5 m. The reference crop potential evapotranspiration is 5 mm/day and the crop coefficient is 0.8. Assuming 70% application efficiency, the irrigation period should be a. 1 hr b. 1 ¼ hrs c. 1 1/3 hrs d. 1 ½ hrs 13. The soil has the following characteristics: porosity = 50 %, bulk density = 1.25g/cc, residual moisture content is 15% dry mass. The rooting depth is 300 mm and the duration of land soaking is 5 days. If the evaporation and percolation losses amount to 5 mm/day the gross land soaking requirement is a. 15.75 mm/day b. 17.75 mm/day c. 22.75 mm/day d. 27.75 mm/day 14. A notch of regular form through which the irrigation stream is made to flow and flow built as either portable or stationary structures is called: a. orifice b. parshall flume c. weir d. dam 47 15. For the most efficient circular cross-section, semi-circle the hydraulic radius is equal to: a. ¼ its radius b. its radius c. ½ its radius d. ¼ its diameter 16. A hydraulic structure that serves as an outlet of water in irrigation canals whereby water passes through and discharges into the main farm ditch of service area is called a. headgate b. checkgate c. turnout d. offtake 17. The amount of water used in producing crop is: a. water holding capacity b. critical growth stage c. rooting characteristics d. percolation 18. Water that moves freely and drains out of the soil is: a. gravitational b. capillary c. S.I.A. d. hygroscopic 19. How much water should be applied to a 6 ha farm where the rooting depth is 80 cm if it is in its permanent wilting point? Volumetric moisture contents are 0.15 and 0.32 for permanent wilting point and field capacity, respectively. a. 1,160m3 b. 4,160m3 c. 6,160m3 d. 8,160m3 20. Sugarcane is to be irrigated using sprinkler irrigation. The sprinkler spacing is 12.2 m while the lateral spacing is 18.3 m. The soil water holding capacity is 120 mm/m, crop rooting depth is 1.0 m and management allowable deficit is 45%. If the irrigation period is 12 hrs and the application efficiency is 70%, the required sprinkler discharge is a. 0.2 lps b. 0.3 lps c. 0.4 lps d. 0.5 lps 21. In drainage, open channel is often referred to as: a. canals b. traps c. manholes d. drains 22. The direct attraction of similar molecules between similar molecules. a. collision b. attraction c. repulsion d. cohesion 48 23. Groundwater is to be pumped from a shallow aquifer for irrigation purposes. The required discharge is 300 gpm. The suction head is 8 ft and the maximum drawdown is 10 ft. The friction and minor losses are 0.45 ft and 0.3 ft, respectively. If the pump efficiency is 60%, the theoretical input power required is a. 2.0 hp b. 2.2 hp c. 2.4 hp d. 3.0 hp 24. A temporary method of drainage artificially produced in the subsoil with digging a trench from the surface. a. canal b. flood routing c. transition d. mole drain 25. The depth of water in mm or inches to be removed in 24 hr period from the drainage area. a. infiltration rate b. drainage coefficient c. infiltration d. percolation 26. Other terms for drip irrigation are __________ irrigation and __________ irrigation. This type of overhead irrigation operates at low pressure. a. trickle – micro b. sprinkle – slide c. trickle – border d. corrugation – trickle 27. Evapotranspiration in an 8 ha farm is 7 mm/day and percolation losses is 2 mm/day. What is the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver a 5- day requirement of the farm in 24 hours if irrigation efficiency is 75%? a. 200m3/hr b. 400m3/hr c. 600m3/hr d. 800m3/hr 28. It is the average interval of time within the magnitude of given event will be equaled or exceeded at least once on the average. a. period of exceedence b. hydrologic frequency c. return period d. all of the above 29. Ratio of the bulk density to the density of water. a. oven-dry weight b. apparent specific gravity c. soil volume d. porosity 49 30. One thousand two hundred and fifty cubic meters of water was delivered to a 10 ha farm for the month of June in which the consumptive use is estimated at 8 mm/day. The effective rainfall for the period was 150 mm. What is the irrigation efficiency? a. 52% b.62% c.72% d.82% 31. In open channel, the term A/P is: a. hydraulic gradient b. hydraulic radius c. hydraulic conductivity d. hydraulics 32. These are usually rural traders or barrio buyers who do accumulation of the produce of individual farmers and bulk these for storage or for distribution to wholesalers a. assemblers b. wholesalers c. retailers d. agents and brokers 33. It is used to divide and distribute the flow of water at desired direction usually placed or built in main farm ditch to divert water to supplementary farm ditches. a. spill wall b. turnout c. flume d. division box 34. In designing an open channel, it is necessary to know what the material firming the channel bed is to know the value of: a. roughness coefficient b. side slope c. bed slope d. bottom slope 35. This refers to wants for specific satisfiers backed up by an ability and willingness to buy them. a. need b. want c. demand d. value 36. An irrigation method formed by building longitudinal levees approximately parallel to the contour and connecting them at a desirable places with levees at right angle. a. check contour b. border c. basin d. furrow 50 37. A device used to control the flow of water to or from a pipeline. a. Inlet b. gate c. weir d. flume 38. Determine the head loss in a 4” aluminum lateral 500 ft long if sprinkler spacing is 50 ft. Sprinkler discharge is 0.25 lps. a. 2.72ft b.3.72ft c.4.72ft d.5.72ft 39. A closed conduit usually circular, square or rectangular in cross section, used for conveying water across and under an elevated roadway, embankment and dikes. a. gate b.culvert c.canal d.drop 40. This is a marketing function which facilitates transfer of ownership a. assembly b. storage c. negotiation d. grading 41. It also refers to consumptive use by crops. a. evapotranspiration b. water circulation c. saturation vapor pressure d. osmosis 42. It is natural or artificial channel that shortens a meandering stream. a. cut off b. drawdown c. chutes d. transition 43. A concept used to evaluate the losses of water during irrigation from the time it leaves that source to the point of use. a.irrigation efficiency b. drainage efficiency c.Discharge flow rate d. nota 44. This is oftentimes not considered a marketing activity, but it is a marketing function. This is because agricultural products must pass through some levels of transformation before being made available to the users. This marketing function increases marketability of products by changing product forms. a. packaging/packing b. grading c. storage d. processing 51 45. The most simple form of open channel flow computation is: a. unsteady uniform flow b. steady non-uniform flow c. steady uniform d. unsteady non-uniform 46. These are intermediaries who deal directly with the end-users or the consumers. They are the wholesalers’ partners in distribution activities. a. agents b. retailers c. assemblers d. brokers 47. The soil has the following characteristics: porosity = 50 %, bulk density = 1.25g/cc, residual moisture content is 15% dry mass. The rooting depth is 300 mm and the duration of land soaking is 5 days. If the evaporation and percolation losses amount to 5 mm/day the gross land soaking requirement is. a. 17.75mm/day b. 27.75mm/day c. 37.75mm/day d. 47.75mm/day 48. The speed at which water flows in channel is: a. velocity b. discharge c. runoff d. volumetric flow 49. It is equal to the cross-sectional area times the velocity of flow. a. velocity b. discharge c. evaporation d. runoff 50. Water that moves freely and drains out of the soil is: a. hygroscopic water b. capillary water c. gravitational water d. sea water 51. It is the state of felt deprivation of some basic satisfaction a. need b. want c. demand d. exchange 52. It is the most elaborate method of computing potential evapotranspiration: a. Blaney-Criddle b. Jensen-Haise c. Hargreaves d. Penman 53. Methods of supplying water in the basin a. direct supply and cascade supply b. flooding and pumping c. sprinkling and dripping d. wild flooding and pressurized supply 52 54. It is anything offered for sale, attention, and acquisition a. prospect b. target market c. product d. market segment 55. Which is not part of the macro-environment? a. demographic b. suppliers of raw materials c. technological d. politico-legal 56. Groundwater is to be pumped from a shallow aquifer for irrigation purposes. The required discharge is 300 gpm. The suction head is 8 ft and the maximum drawdown is 10 ft. The friction and minor losses are 0.45 ft and 0.3 ft, respectively. If the pump efficiency is 60%, the theoretical input power required is. a. 5.4Hp b.4.4Hp c.3.4Hp d.2.4Hp 57. Same as interflow a. Surface runoff b. Subsurface runoff c. Groundwater runoff d. Runoff volume 58. It is the ratio of the dry weight of the soil to the weight of the water with volume equal to the soil bulk volume. a. particle density c. real specific gravity b. bulk density d.apparent specific gravity 59. It accounts for the losses in an irrigation system from the water source and prior to delivery of water into the field ditches. a. evaporation c. diversion efficiency b. application efficiency d. conveyance efficiency 60. A geologic formation that contains water but do not have the capacity to transmit it. a. aquifuge c. aquitard b. aquifer d. aquiclude 61. Compute the land soaking requirement for a soil ( depth of rootzone = 60cm) with residual moisture content of 18 % by weight, bulk density of 1,320 kg/m3 and porosity of 50%. Standing water for planting is 20 mm. a. 177.44 mm c. 253.44 mm b. 157.44 mm d. 273.44 mm 53 62. Farm water requirement minus the application losses is the_______. a. diversion water requirement b. farm irrigation requirement c. application efficiency d. land preparation water requirement 63. What is the rootzone depth of a farm with land soaking requirement of 90mm if the soil porosity is 45%, residual moisture content is 18% (by weight) and bulk density is 1,250kg/m3? a. 35cm c. 40cm b. 45cm d. 60cm 64. This results from overlapping radii of influence of neighboring wells. a. drawdown c. well interference b. groundwater decline d. drawdown curve 65. In furrow irrigation, the rate of water application should be __________ the intake rate of the soil. a. less than c. equal to b. greater than d. not related to 66. For an 10 m x10m sprinkler spacing, what is the design sprinkler throw for a 50% overlap? a. 15 m c. 8 m b. 7.5 m d. 5 m 67. Four liters per second is equal to a. 14.4 m3/hr c. both a and b b. 63.41 gpm d. neither a nor b 68. Irrigation method used fore row crops wherein only a part of the surface is wetted. a. basin flooding c. border irrigation b. furrow irrigation d. border-strip flooding 69. What is the design discharge of a canal to be able to deliver a 6-day requirement of a 6-ha farm in 9 hours if the irrigation requirement is 8mm/day? a. 88.9 m3/s c. 0.889 m3/s b. 8.89 m3/s d. 0.0889 m3/s 70. The amount of drainage water to be removed per unit time per unit area is the____. a. drainage requirement c. drain spacing b. drainage coefficient d. drainage volume 54 71. In Hooghoudt’s drain spacing formula it is assumed that _____. a. The water table is in equilibrium w/ the rainfall or irrigation water. b. The drains are evenly spaced. c. Darcy’s law is valid for flow through the soils. d. All of the above. 72.______ is a mathematical expression for the macroscopic flow of water through a porous system. a. Steady state groundwater flow equation b. Darcy’s Law c. Laplace Equation d. Scobey’s Equation 73. It is the soil moisture constant describing the amount of moisture retained by the soil against a suction pressure of 1/3 atmosphere. a. field capacity c. permanent wilting point b. hygroscopic moisture d. saturation point 74. The infiltration equation based on the exhaustion process is the _____. a. Lewis-Kostiakov’s c. Philip’s b. Horton’s d. Darcy’s 75. Run-off is the difference between the gross depth of irrigation water and the____. a. net depth requirement b. depth that infiltrated c. crop evapotranspiration d. water use rate 76. It is the type of sprinkler irrigation system where the number of laterals installed is equal to the total number of lateral positions. a. hand move system c. special type b. periodic move d. set system 77. In a drip system, the allowable pressure variation in a lateral with minimum and average head of 1.51 and 1.38 mters respectively is _____. a. 0.185 psi c. 0.370 psi b. 0.462 psi d. 0.130 psi 78. The head in an emitter discharging 4 liters of water per hour and with discharge coefficient of 0.798 and exponent of 0.5 is___. a. 6.4 m c. 10 m b. 5 m d. 1.8 m 79. Computer aided method wherein it averages estimated precipitation at all points of a superimposed grid. 55 a. Inverse Distance Ratio Method b. Grid-Point Method c. Isohyetal d. Thiessen polygon 80-81. A soil with root zone depth of 1.2 meters has 24% initial volumetric moisture content, volumetric field capacity of 30%, permanent wilting point of 15% and 50% allowable moisture depletion. 80. Determine the initial depth of water in the soil. a. 43.2 mm c. 288 mm b. 270 mm d. 360mm 81. When soil water reaches or falls below ____, irrigation should be done. a. 43.2 mm c. 288 mm b. 270 mm d. 360mm 82. The field is installed with hand-moved system and 2 sets of laterals can be installed per day. Calculate the minimum numbers of laterals that can be installed per set if there are 5 operating days per irrigation interval. a. 2 c. 3 b. 4 d. 1 83. Natural drainage occurs when the soil water reaches or exceeds a depth of _____. a. 43.2 mm c. 288 mm b. 270 mm d. 360mm 84. It is a surface irrigation system where the area is subdivided by dikes and water flows over these dikes from one subdivision to another. a. border irrigation c. basin irrigation b. furrow irrigation d. corrugation irrigation 85. Distribution control structures placed across an irrigation ditch to block the flow temporarily and to raise the upstream water level. a. turnouts c. culverts b. checks d. weirs 86. Using Scobey’s equation for friction loss, a lateral with 10 sprinklers has a reduction coefficient of ____. 56 a. 0.3766 c. 0.200 b. 0. 100 d. zxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx0.3964 87. Which is not a component of the impact arm of an impact sprinkler? a. nozzle c. vane b. counterweight d. spoon 88. A 20-ft thick confined aquifer with hydraulic conductivity of 400ft/day was tapped by a 4” shallow tubewell. With a radius of influence of 2500 ft, determine the maximum discharge of the STW in liters per second. Assume an allowable drawdown of 12 ft. a. 22.17 c. 62.71 b. 20.57 d. 25.63 89. Used when there is skewness in the data distribution a. Gamma Density Function b. Pearson Type III Distribution c. Log-Normal Distribution d. Normal Distribution 91. Governed by chance; time series INDEPENDENT a. Stochastic process b. Probabilistic process c. Deterministic process d. Barrow process 91. Station locations and amounts of rainfall are plotted on a suitable map, and contours of equal precipitation (isohyets) are then drawn. a. Inverse Distance Ratio Method b. Grid-Point Method c. Isohyetal d. Thiessen polygon 92. This method can be used if there is a piped water-distribution system where a hose pipe can be connected to a tap or outlet and there is enough pressure in the water as it emerges from the hose pipe a. Hose pipe b. Watering can c. Drainage d. Overhead irrigation 93. In surface irrigation, the ratio between the gross amount of irrigation water and the net requirement of the crop is the _____ 57 a. application efficiency c. seepage b. deep percolation d. runoff 94. It is an orderly sequence of planting crop in an area for a 365-day period. a. cropping pattern c. crop sequence b. crop combination d.cropping schedule 95. A 21.6mm/day water requirement is equivalent to a. 23.8 gpm/ha c. 2.5 lps/ha b. 0.9 lps/ha d. 14.3 gpm/ha 96-98. In a 5 ha area, it was determined that the soil volumetric field capacity and permanent wilting points are 25% and 15% respectively. Crop consumptive use is 5mm/day, application efficiency is 80% and irrigation application rate is 32m3/hr. The allowable soil moisture depletion is 60%, apparent specific gravity is 1.2 and the depth of rootzone is 0.8m. 96. Determine the net depth of irrigation water to be applied a. 80 mm c. 24 mm b. 48 mm d. 36 mm 97. Determine the gross depth of irrigation water to be applied a. 100 mm c. 64 mm b. 60 mm d. 38 mm 98. The irrigation interval in days is ______. a. 10 c. 9 b. 5 d. 4 99. Compute for the irrigation period in hours. a. 93 c. 230 b. 47 d. 94 100. In the furrow irrigation, it is the difference between the depth of water that infiltrated and the net depth requirement is the a. runoff c. deep percolation b. application losses d. seepage 58 SOIL & WATER RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION, IRRIGATION, DRAINAGE AND ALLIED SUBJECTS (EDSIR) 1-3. A rectangular piece of land 180 m x 240 m is laid out with one-sided sprinkler irrigation system. Laterals are set parallel to the longer side of the field. Sprinkler spacing is 6m x 6m, irrigation water requirement is 150mm and irrigation period is 6 hours. Laterals are set on only one side of the mainline 1. Calculate the sprinkler discharge a. 0.500 lps c. 0.250 lps b. 0.375 lps d. 0.125 lps 2. Determine the total number of lateral positions. a. 30 c. 40 b. 20 d. 60 3. Determine the number of sprinklers per lateral. a. 30 c. 40 b. 20 d. 60 4. If a soil sample is compacted: a. its moisture content decreases b. its porosity remains the same c. its nutrient content diminishes d. its bulk density increases 5-8. An unconfined aquifer is situated above a horizontal impervious base and is composed of sand with a hydraulic conductivity of 8m/day. In this aquifer, two fully penetrating ditches from a strip of land with a constant width of 1200m. The water level in the left and right ditches rises to 6 and 10m above the impervious base, respectively. The recharge by rainfall is 7mm/day. Evaporation losses amount to 2 mm/day. 5. Determine the location of the stagnation point of the groundwater flow. a. 557 m from left drain c. 557 m from right drain b. 643 m from left drain d. 587 m from right drain 59 6. Compute the flow into the right drain. a. 2.787 m3 / day c. 0.213 m3 / day b. 3.213 m3 /day d.4.287 m3 / day 7. Compute the flow into the left drain. a. 2.787 m3 / day c. 0.213 m3 / day b. 3.213 m3 /day d.4.287 m3 / day 8. Compute the max and min elevation of water table inside the strip of land. a. 11.259 m b. 11.921 m c. 12.302 m d. 11.302 m 9. The moisture content of the soil when the tension is 1/3 atmosphere: a. field capacity b. saturation point c. wilting point d. wilting coefficient 10. This is a group of actual and potential buyers with similar needs and wants interacting with sellers offering various products or services to satisfy those needs and wants. a. market

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