Irrigation and Water Resources
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Irrigation and Water Resources

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Questions and Answers

What would be the application rate in mm/hr?

  • 4.5
  • 0.54
  • 12.86 (correct)
  • 6.43

    • What is the irrigation interval in days?

  • 9
  • 6.43
  • 4.5
  • 12.86 (correct)

    • What is the sprinkler discharge in lps?

  • 3.99x10^4
  • 0.4
  • 39.88 (correct)
  • 398.77

    • What is the system capacity in lps?

    <p>39.87</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Water is supplied to level plots surrounded by dikes or levees. This method is particularly useful on fine-textured soils with low permeability. Which method is being described?

    <p>Level-border or basin irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the most efficient trapezoidal cross section?

    <p>Width of the bottom = twice the depth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the removal of water from the road area by the use of culverts, ditches, channels, and other structures called?

    <p>Drainage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The fraction of the irrigation water that must be leached through the root zone to control soil salinity at a specified level is known as what?

    <p>Leaching Requirement (LR)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of irrigation system is characterized by large service areas managed by government agencies?

    <p>National Irrigation Systems (NIS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the discharge needed to irrigate a hectare of land with a depth of 30 cm over 8 hours?

    <p>375 m3/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the soil moisture content at which plants permanently wilt, generally at about 15 atmospheres of tension?

    <p>Permanent wilting point (or wilting coefficient)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a flood flow of 560 m3/s has a 50% probability of occurrence, what is its return period?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of flow is characterized by a constant depth of flow in a prismatic channel at any point?

    <p>Uniform flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a typical grade for urea, a common form of commercial fertilizer?

    <p>45-0-0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of pedology in the study of soils?

    <p>Origin and characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To calculate the time needed to irrigate a 100m x 100m crop on a 50 cm furrow spacing with 100 mm application depth and inflow rate of 0.4 lps/100m, what is the correct option?

    <p>0.69 hrs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the desired discharge per sprinkler in lps given the application efficiency and maximum intake rate of the soil?

    <p>0.19125 lps</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many sprinklers are in a lateral when the rectangular field dimensions are 160m x 120m?

    <p>14</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many hours will it take to apply the water requirement in one lateral position?

    <p>8.82 hrs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required pump discharge in lps for effective irrigation given the field specifics?

    <p>45.53</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the diameter of a pipe sufficient to hold water in an open canal that is 2m wide and 1m deep?

    <p>1.085 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method measures the velocity of a floating object in a stream?

    <p>Float method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the uniformity coefficient when measuring water penetration depth in a furrow irrigation system with given data?

    <p>96%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of irrigation employs small rills for closely spaced crops?

    <p>Corrugation irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method of fertilizer application involves dissolving fertilizer in water to be sprayed on plant leaves?

    <p>Foliar spray fertilizer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the moisture percentage retained in soil after drainage has ceased?

    <p>Field capacity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the velocity of water right after its take-off from a circular hole at the base of a tank, if the tank is 2 m high?

    <p>6.26 m/s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to plants that live for more than one year and may produce seeds in the first year?

    <p>Perennial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a concrete-lined trapezoidal irrigation canal, what is the normal depth if it is 2 m wide, has a discharge of 1.65 m³/s, and a side slope z of 2?

    <p>1.6 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected water depth in a culvert with a diameter of 24 inches flowing at a rate of 500 gpm with a velocity of 2 ft/s?

    <p>1.4 in</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concept that describes the vulnerability of soil to erosion based on its properties and management practices?

    <p>Erodibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the channel where water flows from a source to the area intended for irrigation?

    <p>Main canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a division box in irrigation systems?

    <p>To separate and direct water to supplementary farm ditches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method describes the construction of levees to manage irrigation on sloped terrain?

    <p>Check contour irrigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of understanding the roughness coefficient in open channel design?

    <p>It influences the water velocity and flow rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the concept of willingness to purchase specific goods?

    <p>Demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In irrigation, what does the term evapotranspiration specifically refer to?

    <p>The process of water loss through evaporation and plant transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a culvert in agricultural water management?

    <p>To convey water across elevated roadways or obstacles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is meant by irrigation efficiency in the context of water use?

    <p>The evaluation of water losses from source to application point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which marketing function is critical for transforming agricultural products to enhance marketability?

    <p>Grading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Irrigation and Water Resources

    • Irrigation is the artificial application of water to the soil to assist in the production of agricultural crops.
    • Sprinkler irrigation is a common type of irrigation where water is sprayed from sprinklers.
    • Level-border or basin irrigation is suitable for fine-textured soils with low permeability, where water needs to be held on the surface for proper penetration.
    • Furrow irrigation involves creating furrows in the soil, where water flows through, irrigating the crops from below.
    • Corrugation irrigation is a variation of furrow irrigation, using small rills or corrugations to irrigate closely spaced crops, such as small grains and pastures.
    • The most efficient trapezoidal cross section for a channel is when the width of the bottom is twice the depth.
    • Drainage is the removal of water from the road area using structures such as culverts, ditches, and channels.
    • Leaching requirement (LR) is the fraction of irrigation water needed to leach salts from the root zone to control soil salinity.
    • Water horsepower is the power needed to pump water, while brake horsepower is the power output of the pump engine, and pump efficiency is the ratio of water horsepower to brake horsepower.
    • Communal Irrigation Systems (CIS) are managed by government agencies and have large service areas.
    • On-Farm Irrigation Facilities are individual irrigation systems on farmland.
    • National Irrigation Systems (NIS) are large-scale irrigation projects managed by government agencies.
    • Permanent wilting point (PWP) is the soil moisture content at which plants permanently wilt.
    • Return period is the average time between occurrences of an event with a specific probability. A 50% probability of occurrence corresponds to a return period of 2 years.
    • Uniform flow in a channel occurs when the depth of flow is constant along the channel.
    • Urea is a common commercial fertilizer with a typical grade of 46-0-0.
    • Pedology is the study of soil with an emphasis on its origin, characteristics, classification, and description.
    • Gene is the unit of heredity and is responsible for traits like variation, sex determination, and related phenomena.
    • Field capacity is the percentage of moisture held in the soil by capillary forces after drainage has ceased.
    • Perennial plants live for more than one year and can produce seeds in the first year and every season thereafter.
    • Erodibility is the vulnerability of soil to erosion, influenced by soil physical properties and land management practices.

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    Related Documents

    Soil & Water Resources Development And Conservation PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores various irrigation methods and their applications in agriculture. Topics covered include sprinkler irrigation, level-border, furrow, and corrugation irrigation, along with drainage and leaching requirements. Test your knowledge on how these systems function and their efficiency.

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