Sociological and Anthropological Perspectives on the Self PDF

Sociological and Anthropological Perspectives on the Self  Definition of Sociology The Sociological Perspective Major Sociological Paradigms Outline Social Problems The Self From the Perspectives of:...

Sociological and Anthropological Perspectives on the Self  Definition of Sociology The Sociological Perspective Major Sociological Paradigms Outline Social Problems The Self From the Perspectives of: a. Charles Cooley b. George Herbert Mead  Definition of Anthropology Branches of Anthropology The Concept of Culture a. Defining Features of Outline Culture b. Attitudes That Hinder the Study of Cultures c. Cultural Relativism  Define sociology and comprehend its role as a social science discipline, focusing on the study of Objectives society and social relationships Explain the sociological perspective, distinguishing between major paradigms  Identify and define social problems, exploring how sociologists analyze and address issues shaped by societal factors Objectives Explore the perspectives of Charles Cooley and George Herbert Mead on the development of self- concept  Define anthropology as the holistic study of humans and identify its main branches, including cultural, biological, linguistic, and Objectives archaeological anthropology Understand culture's significance in anthropology, recognizing its defining features  Explore attitudes hindering cultural study, addressing issues like ethnocentrism and cultural bias Define cultural relativism Objectives and emphasize its importance in anthropology, promoting the suspension of judgment for a more objective cultural analysis What is sociology? the term was first used by French philosopher Auguste Comte in the 1830s the study of the development, structure, and functioning of human society What is society? a group of people who share a culture and a territory society is studied by looking into the factors that influence lives such as ethnicity, religion, socio-economic status, gender identity, sexual orientation, and age.  Question to ponder: How do you believe your ethnicity, religion, socio- economic status, gender identity, sexual orientation, or age influences your present experiences or circumstances?  The Sociological Perspective 1.seeing the general in the particular 2.seeing the strange in the familiar  Questions to ponder: 1.Which behaviors or actions, once prevalent or acceptable, are now discouraged or considered socially unacceptable? 2.What behaviors or actions, previously regarded as unacceptable, have become more common or socially acceptable in today's society?  Major Sociological Paradigms Structural Conflict Theory Symbolic Functionalism Interactionism  Structural Functionalism introduced by Emile Durkheim sees the society at the macro level sees the society as an organism which parts work together to promote stability and social order Social Structures are relatively stable patterns of social behavior wherein each structure fulfills certain social functions Manifest Function obvious or intended result of a particular structure Latent Function outcome of a particular structure that occurs unintentionally Social Dysfunction disrupts the smooth operation of the society Conflict Theory developed by Karl Marx sees the society at the macro level assumes that different groups in society struggle over scarce resources such as power, money, and status society is categorized into two groups: the dominant group and the oppressed group  Class Conflict: the Bourgeoisie vs. the Proletariat  Questions to ponder: Can you identify other oppressed or marginalized groups in our society, and what are specific instances of unfair treatment they commonly face?  Symbolic Interactionism coined by Herbert Blumer based on George Herbert Mead’s ideas sees the society at the micro level our actions depend on our interpretation of the meaning of everything that surrounds us we create symbols that give meaning to the world in our perspective  Assumptions of Symbolic Interactionism 1.Our actions depend on the meaning of an object. 2.We give meaning to things based on our social interactions and experiences. 3.The meaning of symbols can change over time.  Question to ponder: What are examples of symbols in our society that have undergone a shift in meaning over time? Social Problems are conditions or behaviors that have negative consequences for large numbers of people and that need to be addressed  The Looking- Glass Self coined by Charles Cooley suggests that we develop our concept of self by observing how we are perceived by others  Core Assumptions 1. We imagine how we appear to others in a social situation 2. We imagine others’ judgment of that appearance 3. We develop feelings about those perceived judgments and act upon them  Question to ponder: Can you provide real-life examples or situations that illustrate the concept of the looking-glass self?  The “I” and the “Me” developed by George Herbert Mead who believed that the self is not present at birth; rather, it is developed over time through social interactions suggests that the self is composed of two parts: the "I" and the "Me" the "I" is unsocialized and spontaneous, while the "Me" is socialized The Preparatory Stage children copy or imitate the behaviors of others around them without sophisticated understanding of what they are imitating The Play Stage children begin to pretend to be other people The Game Stage children start to grasp not only their own social positions but also of those around them What is anthropology? the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including past human species  Branches of Anthropology 1. Sociocultural Anthropology 2. Linguistic Anthropology 3. Biological Anthropology 4. Archeological Anthropology What is culture? the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population  Defining Features of Culture 1. Culture is commonly shared. 2. Culture is learned.  Questions to ponder: 1.What about the Filipino culture do you take pride in? 2.What does the phrase "toxic Filipino culture" mean to you? Attitudes That Hinder the Study of Cultures Ethnocentrism judging other cultures as inferior to one's own Xenocentrism the desire to engage in the elements of another's culture rather than one's own  Questions to ponder: 1.What are some specific samples of ethnocentrism? 2.What are some specific samples of xenocentrism?  Cultural Relativism is the principle of regarding the beliefs, values, and practices of a culture from the viewpoint of that culture itself REFERENCES 1.3 Theoretical perspectives in sociology - introduction to sociology 3e | OpenStax. (n.d.). https://openstax.org/books/introduction-sociology-3e/pages/1-3-theoretical-perspectives-in- sociology Alata, E. J., Caslib, B., Jr., Serafica, J. N., & Pawilen, R. A. (2017). Understanding the self (1st ed.). Rex Book Store, Inc. Amirul Hafiz. (2017, March 13). Mead: stages of the self =) [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DIrrvYCjiSs Author Removed at Request of Original Publisher. (2016, March 25). 1.1 What is a social problem? – social problems. Pressbooks. https://open.lib.umn.edu/socialproblems/chapter/1-1-what-is-a- social-problem/ Corpuz, B., Lucas, M. R., Andas, C., Dayagbil, F., & Gacasan, E.M. (2020). Understanding the self. Lorimar Publishing Inc. REFERENCES CrashCourse. (2017a, March 13). What is sociology?: crash course sociology #1 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnCJU6PaCio&feature=youtu.be CrashCourse. (2017b, March 20). Major sociological paradigms: crash course sociology #2 [Video]. YouTube.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DbTt_ySTjaY&feature=youtu.be Mr. Sinn. (2018a, September 5). Theoretical perspectives: structural functionalism [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LciWAfvBZhA&feature=youtu.be Mr. Sinn. (2018b, September 26). Social conflict theory in action! [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLhSifNDU7w Mr. Sinn. (2018c, September 26). Symbolic interactionism [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L33RvPHetik Otig, V., Gallinero W., Bataga N., Salado, F., & Visende, J. (2018). A holistic approach in understanding the self. Mutya Publishing House, Inc. REFERENCES Pagtalunan, Regina Mei O. (2018, September 10). 3 major sociological paradigms [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Uq0_qGp8LY poovilhelm. (2011, March 1). What is sociology??? [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=LK5J0-cM-HE&feature=youtu.be Perception is reality: the looking-glass self | Lesley University. (n.d.). https://lesley.edu/article/perception-is- eality-the-looking-glass-self PHOTO SOURCES Herbert Blumer. (n.d.). https://prabook.com/web/herbert.blumer/1696018 The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. (1998, July 20). Charles Horton Cooley | Social Theory, Symbolic Interactionism & Pragmatism. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Charles-Horton-Cooley Wikipedia contributors. (2024a, January 26). Émile Durkheim. Wikipedia. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim Wikipedia contributors. (2024b, January 29). Karl Marx. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx