Social Work Lessons PDF

SOCIAL WORK: WHAT IS SOCIAL Social Work Education NB skills happen at 3 levels; basic,  Cannot participate fully in aspects WORK?  The international recognised intermediate & advanced. You must of society (...

SOCIAL WORK: WHAT IS SOCIAL Social Work Education NB skills happen at 3 levels; basic,  Cannot participate fully in aspects WORK?  The international recognised intermediate & advanced. You must of society (e.g. some women, LESSON 1 standard is now an gain experience to progress. people living in poverty) __________________________  Undergraduate University Degree  Suffer from Stigma & Discrimination  Variations often require MASW Some values underpinning Social (e.g. HIV/AIDS, sex workers, drug Definition (IASSW/IFSW)  In many countries professionals Work: addicts) – „The social work profession often require a licence and  Rights based approach promotes social change, registration to practice  Anti-oppressive Social Workers often work in the problem-solving in human  Practice is monitored by National  Partnership model complex social political relationships and the empowerment Associations (80 countries)  Empowerment principles environment/system that placed and liberation of people to  Associations – provide code of  Equality, respect and dignity people in their situations enhance well-being. ethics to practice, monitor and  Participation – Utilising theories of human sanction unacceptable practice  Networking Direct work can involve working behaviour and social systems,  Collaboration with: social work intervenes at the point Social Workers are expected to  Honesty  Individuals where people interact with their acquire the knowledge skills and  Trust/integrity  Groups environments. Principles of values that relate to the vision of SW  Organisations human rights and social justice What do professional Social  Communities are fundamental to social work‟ What do you learn as a social Workers Do?  Families worker? – Social workers do many things! SW  NGO‟s Background  Values and principles of social work is a complex activity that often has  Government departments  Developing since late 1800‟s in  Some skills and knowledge needed no absolute solutions. Each case industrial countries to practice that you deal with is unique to a SW‟s often work on capacity building,  Originally based on Charity model  Reflective practice (about yourself given situation in time. It is often advocacy, community development,  Family & community usually as a practitioner) connected to a set of circumstances training, counselling, lobbying, managed issues that you may not have dealt with research, policy development.... etc.,  Recognition of complex social KNOWLEDGE (examples) previously. problems  Child development Youth studies – Managing a case can be like a Some Core competencies  Moved to more systematic  Law Counselling „drama‟ in which the key characters necessary: approach  Social policy Art/Drama and all factors related to a situation  Solid communication &  Formal education & professional  Psychology Case management and the environment must be interpersonal skills associations created  Sociology Disability studies identified before the story continues  Sound theoretical knowledge for  Often the „Social Work‟ title is to a solution. The drama can take a stage of professional development legally SKILLS (examples) long time to unfold! And indeed,  Assess needs and circumstances  Communications (all – verbal, non- sometimes it may never reach  Plan, carry out and review SW Social work....... verbal, observation, listening, conclusion. practice – Bases its methodology on a interaction, presentation – It may require you to increase your  Support, lobby and advocate systematic body of evidence based  etc.,) knowledge & skills to be effective in  Competent case management knowledge derived from research  Facilitation Interpersonal a particular situation  Manage risk and risk assessments and practice evaluation.......  Mediation & conflict resolution  Be accountable and engage in – The social work profession draws  Planning/Organisation/Time Who do Social Workers work effective supervision and CPD on theories of human development management for/with?  Demonstrate professional practice and behaviour and social systems  Analysis & assessment  Social Workers generally work with  Critical self reflective practice to analyse complex social systems  Specific specialist skills e.g. people who are; and to facilitate individual, Techniques for working with special  Vulnerable in some way (e.g. street Social Work in Vietnam organisational, social and cultural groups/individuals children, older people, PWD) “The development of social work plays change. (IASSW/IFSW 2000)  Counselling Social research  Excluded from all that society an important role in the current context generally offers (e.g.isolated, of Viet Nam. With the development of marginalised, minority people) social work Viet Nam is able to alleviate poverty, address social problems children are in need of special SW: OBJECTIVES AND Social Work is profession which effectively, promote greater social justice protection. Ministry of Labour, Invalids FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL WORK removes the social, economical, and equality, and respond to other and Social Affairs (2008) LESSON 2 psychological, educational, political, complicated problems that Viet Nam __________________________ environmental etc. problem on Economic Growth = faces. There is an urgent need to  new social problems emerge in three stages… develop social work as a profession.” tandem with economic growth INTRODUCTION 1. Individual Problem (Micro) (Minister of MOLISA, Nguyen Thi Kim  Change in working patterns, family “Helping people to help themselves” 2. Group Problem (Meso) Ngan, Da Nang November 2009) support, urbanisation etc., have led to 3. Community Problem (Macro) Context of Social Work in Vietnam a decrease in ability to „support – Social work deals with the  1997 early discussions to develop socially‟ scientific solution and Objectives SW in Vietnam  Lack of capacity to care for elderly,  Progress a little slow! sick and/or children treatment of the social and Objectives of social work in the  Led somewhat by the international  Often increase in drug & alcohol individual‟s problem. words of Professor “Clark” are concerns & commitments to child abuse – leading to increase in – Its main aim is to increase 1.To help people, make such use of protection issues domestic violence human happiness in general. their own capacities and of  2004 MOET approved a curriculum  Children, women and PWD often – Therefore, social work has been environmental resources as well for university most vulnerable to poverty focused towards the attainment of which result in personal  MOET, MOLISA & UNICEF  Migration to cities can create a two goals first: the creating of satisfaction and adjustment. commissioned a research study in multitude of problems those conditions which help to 2.To help in the modification of the 2005 the Human Resource and  Health issues associated with this Training Needs for the Development include increase in mental health make a more satisfying way of life environment so that people will of Social Work in Vietnam (2005) problems i.e. Due to isolation, possible, second: the have few personal and social  Recommend establishment of Social loneliness and demands of industrial development within the individual problems. Work system as a priority society as well as community, that which  In Vietnam – increase of HIV/AIDS, helps to live more adequately and According to “Professor Freid Background assoc with men using prostitutes/sex creativity. Lander” Social work seeks to assist In the last decade, Vietnam has workers and drug misuse individuals, group, and community to experienced rapid economic growth. While new opportunities and economic The Reality is that......... Definition reach the highest possible degree of benefits have improved the lives of.......many functions of social work have According to “Anderson” (1943) social, mental and physical well many Vietnamese people, there are existed in Vietnamese society for years, “Social work is a professional beings live. ever-increasing gaps between the rich if not centuries. These functions mainly service rendered to people for the and the poor, and between rural and took the shape of social activities, social purpose of assisting them, as Emerging objectives of Social urban populations. A significant mobilization and direct care by individuals or in group to attain Work: proportion of of the economic benefits volunteers rather than of a professional satisfying relationships and 1. Material Security – Through go to the richest 20% (UNICEF 2005). service with the capacity to respond adequately and systematically to the standards of life in accordance with economic & political organization Many Vietnamese people continue to their particular wishes & capacities & that will assure every individual & needs of vulnerable people for live in hardship, and a quarter of children in harmony with those of the every family the means of prevention, support and protection. under five are malnourished. This has community.” satisfying basic material needs. placed unprecedented pressure on  Until now, social work and child 2. Emotional Security – Through families, and thus children. protection services have largely been Consequently, social problems such as According to “Moorthy” & “Rao” personal & social adjustment. provided by people (often community family breakdown, homelessness, drug volunteers), who are either untrained (1970) “Social work is help 3. Social Achievement – Through use, sexual and economic exploitation, or trained in disciplines other than rendered to any person or group, collective effort. trafficking and violence are on the rise. social work. who are which is suffering from 4. Spiritual Power – Through This in turn has contributed to an  The services they provide, whether in any disability mental, physical, philosophical or religious increased number of abandoned, the community or in institutions, are emotional or moral, so that the thoughts. neglected, abused and exploited rarely inspected and monitored and individual or group so helped is children. It is estimated that 9 percent of there is little to no supervision and enabled to help himself or itself.” the total child population, or 2.6 million support given to these workers. Generally Social work has SW: SOCIAL WELFARE  the weaker and more vulnerable including the unemployed, elderly, following Objectives: LESSON 3 (Group 1) sections of the population orphans, chronically ill, economically I. To solve psycho-social __________________________  To develop supplementary dependent, and disabled. problems.  welfare services Meaning and Concept  To bring about social reform Characteristics of Residual Concept: II. To fulfill humanitarian needs. A. Last Resort: Social Welfare Services III. To solve adjustmental  To provide social security and social Social Welfare assistance are viewed as a final option after all problems. – Denotes the system of such other sources have been exhausted.  To bring about social change IV. To create self sufficiency. services which intend to cater to (Ex: Relief for southwest monsoon & including V. To making harmonious social the special needs of persons,  reducing disparities of income and typhoon Carina victims) relations. groups and communities who by B. Reactive & Short Term: Focuses on wealth VI. Develop democratic values. reason of some handicap social, responding to crises rather than  To prevent the concentration VII. Provide opportunities for economic, mental or physical are preventing them. (Ex: Regional economic power and take step to development and social unable to avail themselves of, or are Haven for women and girls) equalize opportunities within the traditionally denied the basic C. Means-Tested: Welfare Services programme. amenities or services provided by communities. under this concept are provided on VIII. Provide socio legal act.  To help individuals to attain satisfying the society or state. the basis of „means test‟ to some IX. Change the environment in standards of life, health and equal – Social welfare services are meant selected individuals who meet the favour of individuals growth & opportunities with the fellow citizens to 'benefit the weaker, dependent required criteria established for the and self-respect development. or under privileged sections of the prospective beneficiaries. (Ex: populations.  To secure for each individual the Assistance to individuals to crisis X. Bring Change in social system – Social welfare constitutes special basic economic requirement and situations „AICS‟ Program by DSWD) for social development. decent living condition services for meeting the special needs of people falling under  To strengthen individual capacities to 2. Institutional Concept Functions of Social Work cope up with the real life situation special category of the population.  stands on the view that, the modern Social work operates to assists – Services under social welfare do not  To create the basic condition that will institutional society requires a variety individuals in adjusting to the form the part of general social enable all the members of the of services as ‘first line support’ to institutional framework of society & services those are provided to all community to realize their potential enable the individuals, groups, and attempts to modify the institutional the citizens without any special capacity, growth and self-fulfillment. communities to cope successfully framework of itself in appropriate considerations. with the changing economic and area. Social Welfare Organizations: social environment and to assure the Scope  DSWD development and stability of social Social welfare covers a wide variety of  WHO institutions. There are four broad functions of human service:  ActionAid International social work:  Educational Services  Care International Characteristics of Institutional i. Curative function   Counseling Services UNI Global Union Pilipinas Concept: ii. Correctional function  A. First-line Support – The government  Aged Welfare Services Oxfam Canada's Stamp Program iii. Preventive function   Rehabilitative Services Office of the Presidential Adviser on recognizes the need for variety of iv. Developmental function  Housing Services Peace, Reconciliation and Unity social services to maintain good  Vocational Services  Child Hope Philippines standard of living.  Child Welfare Services  Anak TNK B. Proactive & Long-Term – It focuses  Women Welfare Services on preventing problems and providing Concepts of Social Welfare support before they become severe.  Welfare services for people affected 1. Residual Concept It‟s also preventive in nature, because by hiv/aids – refers to government programs that it anticipates problems that may arise  Welfare services for displaced people provide assistance to marginalized and rest possible. (Ex: Stress groups only after all other options Debriefing Seminar for Parents and Objectives of Social Welfare have been exhausted. Care-givers of Children with  Expansion of social services and their disabilities by CWDS) improvement – From a social welfare perspective, it refers to services provided to C. Citizen-Right – In this system, social  To provide welfare services and welfare is not just for the poor and excluded or marginalized groups, develop needy, but it is for all the citizens.  Welfare is provided for the population SOCIAL WELFARE Reasons/Goals for Social Services: development program of the as a whole. (Ex: Day Care Services & "Social welfare is a body of activities  Humanitarian and Social Justice philippine government. Government-funded Scholarship, designed to enable individuals, families, Goal – support individuals who are  The Sustainable Livelihood Program Gov. funded Programs) groups and communities to cope with abandoned, neglected, (SLP) – is a capacity-building initiative the social problems of changing disadvantaged, or marginalized. targeting poor, vulnerable, and Distinction between Social Work and conditions.”  Social Control Goal – address the marginalized households and Social Welfare – United Nations, 1967 needs of deprived individuals or Communities in the Philippines. groups who might otherwise act out  Tara Basa! Tutoring Program – a SOCIAL WORK Social Work vs. Social Welfare against societal norms. unique educational initiative that “Social work is the sum of all  Social work is an art and science of  Economic Development Goal – brings together college students, Efforts by society to take up working for and with the people, but enhance productivity and contribute young learners, and their guardians in Its own slack” social welfare aims at working only to economic growth through targeted a program designed to tackle illiteracy – Divine 1922 for the people and not necessarily programs. and bolster reading abilities among with the people o Productivity-Enhancing Filipino children. “Social work is a professional service,  Social work emphasizes on all the Services: Counselling,  Oplan Pag-abot Program – goal is to based on scientific knowledge and skill aspects of human development but Rehabilitation, Skills Training, extend support to vulnerable in human relations, which assists social welfare gives more emphasis Labor Welfare Services, and individuals, children, and families who individuals, alone or in groups, to obtain on the material needs of the support for farmers. find themselves in street situations, social and personal satisfaction and individuals group and communities. o Dependence-Relief Services: offering them options such as independence.” Day Care Centers, Homes for the returning to their place of origin, – Friedlander, 1951 Examples of Social Welfare in the Aged, and Health Clinics to relocating to areas near metro manila, Philippines: support dependents. temporary shelter in transitional According to United Nation‟s  Local Government Unit (LGU) o Urbanization and facilities, or placement in long-term Department of Social Affairs and  DSWD Programs Industrialization Counteractions: residential centers. Training of Social Work, it can be broken Family Life Services, Leadership  Walang Gutom 2027: Food Stamp down into 3 major categories: The term social welfare refers more Training, and Community Services Program (FSP) – was designed to 1. Social Work as Individual Charity, generally to the well-being of groups and to maintain Family and Community address hunger by targeting 1 million 2. Social Work as Organized Activity individuals as well as the system of Stabiliy. household considered as "food poor" under Governmental and Non- social service delivery, the term social using data from the psa. Governmental Auspices, work refers more specifically to the Department of Social Welfare and  Supplementary Feeding Program 3. Potentially available to every professional practice of delivering these Development (DSWD) – the executive  Listahan (National Household individual of the community social services. department of the Philippine government Targeting System For Poverty irrespective of means. – from the book of social work in responsible for the protection of the Reduction) University of Peshawar social welfare of rights of Filipinos and to  Social Pension Program Example of Social Work in the promote the social development. Philippines: Social Welfare refers to the overall To conclude, social welfare is the  Youth Empowerment Program: system, policies, and programs aimed at Example of Social Welfare Programs overarching system or framework, while Save the Children Philippines – our ensuring the well-being of individuals in the Philippines: social services are the specific mission is to inspire breakthroughs in and communities.  The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino activities or interventions within that the way the world treats children and Social Service refers to specific Program – or "4ps" (Conditional Cash framework aimed at improving to achieve immediate and lasting programs and activities designed to Transfer) is a human development individuals' or communities' lives. change in their lives provide direct support to individuals or program that invests in the health and  Community Development: CIS groups in need. education of poor families, primarily Australia those with children aged 0-18.  Stray Feeding: Stray Haven 2021 SOCIAL SOCIAL SERVICE  Kalahi CIDSS - NCDDP – The Kapit- (NGO) WELFARE Bisig Laban Sa Kahirapan - Broad Specific/Direct Comprehensive and Integrated Address Systemic Address Immediate Delivery of Social Services - National Issues Needs Community-Driven Development Long-term Short-term By the government By social workers Program is the community-driven SW: SOCIAL ACTION MODELS OF SOCIAL ACTION – Ex: Philippine Legislators' B. POPULAR SOCIAL ACTION LESSON 4 (Group 2) Committee on Population and MODEL __________________________ A. ELITIST MODEL Development – primarily works within – In this model of social action, the  In this model of social action, only the halls of Congress, devoted to people who are victimized or who SOCIAL ACTION elites (few people with higher status developing policy champions and suffer due to the defective system, – is a collective endeavor to bring and responsible position) initiate and generating viable, responsive, and stand in the front of action and lead about desirable changes in the existing conduct the action or movement for people-centered public policies on the movement against the unjust and structure or preventing undesirable the benefit of the masses. The distinct population and human development defective system, structure, policies, change through a process of making aspect of this model is that general agencies or individuals. Unlike the people aware of the sociopolitical and population or the target group is 2. Economic Sanction Model elitist model, the elites in this model economic realities conditioning their not involved directly in the process – This model of social action is put to may help the people through lives and mobilizing them to organize but some times, some like minded use when the elites have some guidance, education, facilitation and them as the living force so as people from the mass participate in power on the economic condition advocacy but do not directly involve to work for their own betterment. this model of social action and put of the oppressors who deny the in the movement. their effort together for bringing about basic rights of the marginalized Marry E. Richmond (1861-1928) suitable change in the system by people. 1. Conscientization Model  American founder of professional influencing the it through social – In this type of social action, the elites, – It is based on Paulo Friere’s concept social work who pioneered the legislation. by gaining control over some of creating awareness among casework methodology and helped to  Ayala Foundation – As the social economic, social, political or religious masses through education. Paulo establish training programs for social development arm of the Ayala group weapon try to obtain benefits for the Friere developed the concept of workers. of companies, Ayala Foundation society. conscientization, which means  defined social action as “Mass envisions communities where people – Ex: National Democratic Front of educating the people about the betterment through propaganda are creative, productive, self-reliant, the Philippines (NDFP) – organized oppression, oppressed and the and social legislation”. and proud to be Filipino. Ayala boycotts to disrupt economic activities oppressor (their own position in the Foundation works closely with and pressure the government and two groups) Examples: communities in identifying compelling businesses to address their demands. – Ex: Education for Life Foundation  Gawad Linga developmental needs and providing – Another one is the 105-Day (ELF) which involve raising critical  The Climate Reality Project suitable solutions with measurable Expanded Maternity Leave Law awareness among marginalized Philippines outcomes. Its program areas are (Republic Act No. 11210). This law communities about their social  The Bayanihan to Heal as One Act community development; leadership applies to all female workers in the realities and empowering them to take  #LabanLeniCampaign development; arts and culture; public and private sectors, including collective action. corporate citizenship those in the informal economy and – This form of social action involves OBJECTIVES OF SOCIAL ACTION voluntary contributors to the Social maximum participation of the The objective is to create an Sub-Models of Elitist Social Action Security System (SSS) concerned population. People are environment where all the residents of 1. Legislative Social Action Model given opportunity to analyze and society live a life free from – In this model, group of elites take up 3. Direct Physical Model understand the social structures, discrimination, inequalities and injustice. issue which they think is a pressing – A process where elites take the law which circumscribe their life. Mishra (1992) has identified following problem and begin the process of in their own hands and punish those goals: social action. who responsible for the cause of 2. Dialectical Mobilization Model 1. Prevention of needs. – The essence of this model lies in the injustice and thus try to bring about – It helps in promoting conflict to 2. Solution of mass problems. fact that it looks at social legislation benefit to their clientele. exploit the contradictions in a system, 3. Improvement in mass conditions. as an instrument of social change. – Ex: People Power Revolution. with the belief that a better alternative 4. Influencing institutions, policies and – In the Philippines, the Legislative – This movement, also known as the system will emerge as a result. practices. Introduction of new Social Action Model is often employed EDSA Revolution, took place in 1986 Dialectic means the art of logical mechanisms or programmes. by various elite groups, non- and led to the ousting of President disputation. 5. Redistribution of power and resources governmental organizations (NGOs), Ferdinand Marcos. It was – Thus, conflict can be considered as (human, material and moral). and advocacy groups to influence characterized by mass mobilizations, the engine of transformation. So, it 6. Decision-making. social policy and legislative changes. where millions of Filipinos gathered helps in promoting conflict to exploit 7. Effect on thought and action structure. – To bring about a suitable legislation, on Epifanio de los Santos Avenue the contradictions in the system, so 8. Improvement in health, education and the strategies like media advocacy, (EDSA) in Metro Manila to protest that a better system will emerge for welfare. lobbying, networking, judicial against the regime. public benefit. advocacy etc are used in this model. – Ex: Kilusang Mayo Uno (KMU) or 2. Organizing Stage SOCIAL REFORM May First Movement. KMU is a militant – this stage involves coming up with  The term „social reform‟ denotes to labor center that employs a dialectical ideas and possible solutions for the the process of changing existing approach to mobilize workers and existing problems and sharing these to values, beliefs, ideology, attitude advocate for their rights. This model the affected communities. and opinion of the people against an involves a continuous process of – one of the challenges faced in this issue or a set of issues. action and reflection, where workers stage is the need to build  According to Webster‟s Encyclopedic are encouraged to critically analyze organizations in the local community Dictionary the term „reform’ means their conditions, engage in collective that will serve as a common platform “the improvement or amendment of action, and then reflect on the towards addressing the issues. what is wrong, corrupt or outcomes to inform future actions. unsatisfactory, etc” 3. Strategy Development Stage 3. Direct Mobilization Model – the third stage is to plan, develop, Examples: – In direct mobilization model, specific and adapt a suitable and efficient  Gabriela Women‟s Rights Reform issues are taken up by the social strategies to achieve determined and  Prison Reform actionists and the masses are specific goals and objectives.  Educational Reform mobilized to resort to protests and – 2 Common Strategies Used in Social  Agrarian Reform strikes to achieve the objectives. In Action (According to Lee) this process, the leaders or elites a. Negotiation – it involves lobbying pick up specific grievances or and submitting petitions to the issues that are affecting the people appropriate authorities. Social at large. Activists campaigns and bargain – They analyse the causal factors, with these authorities to improve or which are at the root of the injustice. change the existing conditions and They formulate the alternative policies arrive at one consensus. and procedures and mobilize the b. Confrontation – the people masses for protest activities for the collectively come together to face purpose of achieving the set the responsible stakeholders to objectives. be fulfilled with certain conditions – An example of this is the The Million and limitations. People March (2013). This was a – Note: Social Action Strategies has series of protests against the misuse to be essentially non-violent and of the Priority Development strictly follows professional Assistance Fund (PDAF), commonly ethics and values shared and known as the pork barrel scam. The practiced in social work. These movement was largely organized strategies shall only be used to through social media and saw make everyone realize the thousands of Filipinos gathering at magnitude and significance of the Luneta Park in Manila and other issues and for the sake of the locations across the country to betterment of the society demand accountability and transparency in government spending. 4. Action Stage – the implementation of the THE PROCESS OF SOCIAL ACTION strategies developed and identified 1. Awareness Building Stage happens in the last stage of social – this stage involves critical action. understanding of different problems existing in the society as well as its roots and causes. Analyzing the related socio-economic and political factors perpetuating the problem is also important in this stage.