Social Studies Standard Four - Chapter 10 PDF

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Chapter Ten Production activities Introduction In Standard Three, you learnt about different production activities...

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Chapter Ten Production activities Introduction In Standard Three, you learnt about different production activities carried out at the family level and responsibilities carried out by everyone in the family. In this chapter you will learn about LY economic activities carried out at village, ward or division levels. In addition, you will be able to learn about problems faced by N production activities. O Production activities in rural and urban areas Production refers to activities that human beings do to make products for own use or sale. In rural and urban areas SE production activities are carried out at village, ward or division levels. People in our village, ward, division, district, region and country are engaged in different production activities. U The purpose of doing these activities is to sustain livelihoods. Among the major production activities in urban areas, include trade, transportation and industries. In urban areas production E activities take place within streets or wards. N Study the following pictures and answer the questions that follow. LI (a) N O R FO 124 Social Studies.indd 124 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE (b) LY N O SE U (c) E N LI N O R FO Figure 1: Development activities 125 Social Studies.indd 125 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Questions 1. Which production activities have you observed in the pictures labelled a, b and c in Figure 1? 2. What is the purpose of doing production activities? 3. List four production activities which are taking place in your village or street. LY Read the following story then answer the questions. Faidika is a village located in Kigoma region. People in this village mostly engage themselves in crop farming. The crops N include vegetables, cassava, beans and fruits. Villagers use O these crops for food at home and sell some in order to earn money for other needs. Apart from crop farming they also practice livestock keeping. Many people sell meat, milk, eggs SE and chicken. The practice of raising livestock as a livelihood activity is known as pastoralism. Neighbouring villages benefit U a lot from Faidika Village. They come to buy meat, rice, eggs, chicken and other products. Furthermore, Faidika people conduct fishing activities. Fishing E involves trapping or catching fish from water bodies. They do N fish in the village ponds. They use fish for their own food and LI sell some in the village market. Motorcycles are a major means of transport used in Faidika Village to transport fish, crops and N livestock products for selling in neighbouring villages. O The presence of Kantwa Forest creates opportunities for other development activities like tourism and timber production. The R tourism industry deals with the provision of goods or services to facilitate business and entertainment to tourists away from their FO home environment. The forest is rich in attractive animals, birds and trees. People from different places visit Faidika Village to watch monkeys, birds and chimpanzees. These people are 126 Social Studies.indd 126 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE called tourists. When tourists come, they sleep in special rest houses which belong to the villagers. The village earns a lot of money from provision of goods and services such as food, accommodation, traditional dances and clothes. Lumbering is yet another development activity in Faidika Village. Wood and logs are transported from the village forest to the village centre and finally to the city by hired trucks. Faidika Village owns a small furniture workshop for making things like LY chairs, tables, beds, cupboards and others. N Questions 1. Name two production activities related to forests that take O place in Faidika Village. 2. Mention three things produced by pastoralist activities at Faidika Village. SE 3. What is the major means of transport used in Faidika Village? U 4. What production activities do you like and why? 5. What are the development activities practiced by local E residents in your area? N Activity 1 LI In groups of five pupils, visit a nearby school environment, and observe and list production activities taking place in the area. N O Needs of the people in a village or street My name is James. I am from Maingu Village.In our village, R we do not have good and reliable roads to transport our farm FO and livestock products. Similarly, we need a school since our children walk long distances to school. 127 Social Studies.indd 127 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE My name is Neema, I am from Kibugu Village. In our village, we need tap water to save the villagers from the difficulty of walking long distances in search of water. Also, we need a health centre to provide us with health care services. We need a place to sell our products as well. My name is Haruna, I come from Maisha Street. Currently, our street has no electricity. If we get electricity, I can study better during the night. Also, when I grow up, I will start a small business LY for selling cold drinks and offer communication services such as selling airtime vouchers to users of mobile phones. N Exercise 1 O Answer the following questions: Fill the needs in the space provided in the table by putting SE a (√). Use the information you have read. One space has been filled in as an example. U Needs Maingu Kibugu Maisha Needs of Village Village Street your village /street E Road N School LI Water Water (√) N Electricity O Health centre R In order to earn a living and daily needs, human beings are FO involved in different production activities. Such activities include farming, fishing, mining, and livestock keeping and selling various things. 128 Social Studies.indd 128 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE In farming, crops that are cultivated are either food crops or commercial crops. Food crops include maize, beans, potatoes and rice. Commercial crops include coffee, tea, cotton and sisal. Commercial crops are sent directly to factories to produce goods or products. Moreover, other people are involved in keeping poultry, donkeys, cows, sheep and goats. The people involved in these activities are called pastoralists. LY Furthermore, mining is one of the major production activities. This is done through digging up the land in order to reach underground minerals such as diamond, gold, tanzanite, N copper, silver, salt and iron. O Production activities are important in meeting different people’s needs in wards.The needs include health care, education, SE safe and clean water, electricity and dispensaries. Production activities create employment opportunities and generate U income among the people.Trully, production activities are helpful in people’s lives. Figure 2 shows Standard Four pupils together with their teacher visiting a market place to find out E what activities are carried out in the area. N Activity 2 LI Visit the local government office in your ward: N (a) Ask for resources availlable in your ward. O (b) Ask for people’s needs in your ward. (c) With your Social Studies teacher and other pupils visit R various production activities in your street or village. Record FO how those activities are carried out. 129 Social Studies.indd 129 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE LY N O SE U E Figure 2: Pupils with their teacher visiting a market place N Exercise 2 LI Answer the following questions: N 1. List all the activities that are taking place in the picture in Figure 2. O 2. Have you ever visited any development activity? R 3. If you happen to be visiting a village or street market in FO your area, what questions will you ask people doing the activities? 4. What do you think the pupils achieved in their visit? 130 Social Studies.indd 130 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Activity 3 Prepare questions about production activities. Ask your Social Studies teacher, then, present the answers in the class. Challenges in production activities So far you have learned that large numbers of people are involved in various production activities. These activities take LY place in regions, cities, villages and wards. People who carry out these activities face many challenges. It is important to learn how to overcome challenges that affect production activities N both at individual and national levels. O Read the following challenges faced by the people of Malengo Village. SE Villagers at Malengo Village engage in various production activities. Some of them graze cattle, cultivate crops and U others catch fish. In the course of doing their activities, they encounter a number of challenges. First, the village members have conflicts among themselves. This occurs mainly between E farmers and pastoralists. Due to fear, they fail to engage in N their day-to-day activities effectively. Land should, therefore, be well allocated to fulfil the needs of both crop farmers and LI pastoralists. Moreover, the villagers need to be educated on the importance of living together peacefully. N Another challenge is the use of poor working tools in production, O especially in agriculture and fishing. This leads to poor harvest. As a result, ordinary farmers cannot compete favourably with R better equipped farmers. In addition, markets for their products are scarce and not motivating. The government should put more FO emphasis on more modern tools and technology in production activities. Furthermore, it should also help farmers to search for suitable markets for their products. 131 Social Studies.indd 131 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Roads and railway lines are common means of transport in Malengo Village. However, these means of transport are poor. Most of them are not in good condition to support the movement of people from one place to another. This becomes worse during the rainy season. Urgent initiatives should be taken to improve the current infrastructure including roads and railways before building new ones. This will make the transportation of products from one place to another more efficient. LY Moreover, another challenge is inadequate capital to introduce more production activities. This challenge is faced by many N people in Malengo Village. This is because the little they earn O or produce cannot be ploughed back for further production activities. They need first, education on how to plan and run SE a business. Second, the government and financial institutions such as banks should find a way of helping them to get soft loans. This can be done in groups or managed individually but U with friendly conditions attached to repayment of the loans. The villagers believe that they can do better if the challenges E are addressed accordingly. This will in turn boost production and people’s standard of living. N LI Exercise 3 Answer the following questions: N 1. From the story you have read, list four challenges faced O by development activities in Malengo Village. 2. Identify the challenges related to development activities R faced in your village or ward. FO 3. Explain what you can do to resolve the challenges occurring in development activities. 132 Social Studies.indd 132 30/07/2021 13:52  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE 4. Fill the blanks in the following text with suitable words chosen from the list below. infertile land, sisal, coffee, agricultural activities, drought, cutting down trees, maize, beans, bananas. A farm is a piece of land where people carry out____ Farmers produce crops such as___________________, LY when there is insufficient rainfall,________occurs. Poor methods of farming may lead to poor___________if in N our environment ____________happens, it will lead to insufficiency of rainfall and a rise in temperature. O Vocabulary SE Development activities all operations and activities U related to development including agriculture, drilling of wells construction of roads and E railways N Capital financial resources that LI businesses use to fund their operations like buying machines N Financial institutions organisations such as banks or O insurance that provide financial services and security. R FO 133 Social Studies.indd 133 30/07/2021 13:52