SOC SCI 1 NOTES.pdf

CHAPTER 1: Defining Contemporary Art Art is something that is created using imagination and skills, this expresses ideas and feelings. - Art responds to our desires to explore the beauty and unknown. Contemporary Art generally refers to art being...

CHAPTER 1: Defining Contemporary Art Art is something that is created using imagination and skills, this expresses ideas and feelings. - Art responds to our desires to explore the beauty and unknown. Contemporary Art generally refers to art being created now. - “Contemporary” is derived from the Latin prefix con (which means “together” or “with”) plus tempus (which means “time”) There are (2) views on when Contemporary Art started; CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW and HISTORICAL VIEW CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW - This refers to Contemporary Art as Art that is related to current period in Art History. - This pertains to Arts that is new, modern, or in the present moment. HISTORICAL VIEW - This refers to Contemporary Art as a specific stage in the story of the evolution of Arts. - Also referring to a specific location in time and space. Postmodernism an attitude and style prevalent during the Contemporary Period. Art produced after 1945: This is adhered to by most museums Art produced since the 1960s: Most commonly used by art critics - the 1960s is taken as a point of the change-over from Modern to Contemporary. - Example of 1960s Art is Pop Art Contemporary Art is a legacy of Modernism. It is a radical break from tradition. - The speed of communication increased; ordinary people had access to this modern world - A time when traditions were challenged and broken to establish a new order - It embraced Several Intellectual and Artistic Movements: Impressionism, Symbolism, Cubism, Futurism, Art Nouveau, Imagism, International style etc. Social Realism: a movement sought to expose the real condition of society and use art to transform it Contemporary Art emerged in the country due to (3) factors: 1. The return of the democracy under the Aquino government 2. The improved economic and political environment in the country 3. The arrival of new technologies and access to media The end of Martial Law in 1986 brought the Philippines to Contemporary Period Appropriation: is a practice of creating Art by taking a pre-existing art work and combining it with a new one Heritage: something that can be passed from one generation to the next - PHYSICAL OBJECTS AND PLACES OF HERITAGE: old buildings, paintings, public art - PRACTICES OF HERITAGE: oral traditions, dance, fiestas, etc.  CHAPTER 2 PART 1: Context of Contemporary Art Context: refers to factors that surround the work of art Classification of Context: PRIMARY CONTEXT and SECONDARY CONTEXT  PRIMARY CONTEXT: the artists intentions and purposes for making the art  SECONDARY CONTEXT: the external conditions in which the work was produced CONSENSUS OF THE ART WORLD: The network of institutions (such as schools, museums, galleries, commercial markets, and various professions) that shapes how the public understands and experiences art Material Conditions: refer to the human labor force and means of production, this includes tools, equipment, buildings, technologies, knowledge, materials, and other resources. ART IN THE REGIONAL CONTEXT: It is a place where personal and group identities grow. Regionalism in Art: celebrates local tradition and pride of place. Examples; 1. Negros is one of the areas where there is a string regional art tradition 2. Bacolod and Dumaguete are both considered as Centers in the Local Art Industry 3. Baguio City recognized as the regional center of artistic production 4. Davao is considered as the aesthetic laboratory and cultural hub 5. Bacolod City spotlighted traditional contemporary artworks (PANAHI, 2016) The Promdi Project - is a survey of contemporary art practices in Dumaguete and surrounding areas - Promdi, short for “from the province,” is often used by people living outside Metro Manila  CHAPTER 2 PART 2: Fundamentals Components of Art The source of all art is human imagination or creative thinking. This starts with an idea and is brought to life through the use of materials or media. Creativity: the ability to bring forth something new that has value Form: communicates ideas through the arrangement of elements. It is made of; 1. Materials and technique - which the artwork is made 2. Formal elements – line, shapes, colors, texture, mass, volume, space, etc. 3. Overall composition - size, proportion, etc. Language: a process by which cultural meanings are formed and communicated Mode of Production: It explores the questions of who owns and controls the institutions of economy, society, and culture Fundamental Object of Analysis Process of Analysis Component of Art Form Technique Imagination Language Meaning Interpretation Mode of Production Political Economy Ideology DISCIPLINES OF ART 1. Art Production - the way of showing ideas and feelings by making clear pictures using tools and skills on a material 2. Art Criticism - describing, analyzing, interpreting, and evaluating works of art for the purpose of understanding and appreciating art  Four-step Process in Art Criticism: Description (collect information about the subject of the artwork), Analysis (work’s compositional qualities), Interpretation (the content of the work; Assumptions and guesses), Judgement (deciding if it is successful or not) 3. Art History – the study of Art from the past and present and it contribution to cultures and society. Ranges of Forms;  Attribution - where, when, why and by whom was the work made  Authenticity - means checking the facts to prove who created the artwork  Iconography - the meaning of the objects, symbols and motifs of the artwork  Provenance - the history of the ownership of the artwork  Function - the general function of the artwork  Style - remarkable characteristics of a work  Psychology - personal traits that help an artist connect their work to a specific time and culture  Connoisseurship - how does deep study of the work help understand or solve issues related to who created it 4. Aesthetics – refers to the nature, beauty, and value of an art  IMITATIONALISM - an artwork should imitate life-that it should look life-like  FORMALISM - arrangement of the elements using the principles of art  EMOTIONALISM - focuses in the content of the work of art  CHAPTER 3 PART 3 The Art World is composed of all people involved in the production, commission, presentation, or consumption of art - Art is a business enterprise and an income-generating activity that is influenced by the market forces CORE ACTIVITIES 1. Production of Art - involves artists and their studios, groups and workshops, clubs, and societies 2. Exhibition or Art Galleries COLLATERAL ACTIVITIES 1. Facilitation of production and exhibition - arts boards, arts councils 2. Dissemination of Art and Art Discourse GOVERNMENT AGENCIES AND INSTITUTIONS National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) - the lead coordinating body among cultural institutions - The NCCA is the overall policy-making, coordinating, and grants-giving agency for the preservation, development and promotion of Philippine Arts and Culture National Endowment Fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) - is a permanent fund that is for supporting culture and art programs and projects - the NCCA is headed by a 15-member Board of Commissioners, with members coming from other agencies and offices such as the Department of Education, Department of Tourism, the Senate, as well as the representatives from the private sector 6 CULTURAL AGENCIES UNDER NCCA 1. CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES (CCP) 2. NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES (NHCP) 3. THE NATIONAL MUSEUM (NM) 4. NATIONAL LIBRARY ARCHIVES OF THE PHILIPPINES (NLAP) 5. THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF THE PHILIPPINES (NAP) 6. KOMISYON SA WIKANG FILIPINO (KWF) NATIONAL ADVISORY BOARD 1. Sub-commission on the Arts 2. Sub-commission on Cultural Communities and Traditional Arts 3. Sub-commission on Cultural Dissemination 4. Sub-commission on Cultural Heritage  broken down into 19 committees divided by art forms and genre CULTURAL CENTER OF THE PHILIPPINES (CCP) - is responsible for promoting high-quality arts - the activities the center engages in include, architecture, film and broadcast, arts, dance, literature, music, new media, theatre, and visual arts THE NATIONAL MUSEUM (NM) - responsible for keeping and protecting cultural items and places for people today and in the future to enjoy. - they offer publications, exhibitions, library services, seminar workshops, among other activities. THE NATIONAL HISTORICAL COMMISSION OF THE PHILIPPINES (NHCP) - created in 1972 - responsible for the conservation and preservation of the country’s historical legacies - Its major thrusts encompass an ambitious cultural program on historical studies, curatorial works, architectural conservation, Philippine Heraldry, historical information dissemination activities, restoration and preservation of relics and memorabilia of heroes and other renowned Filipinos Museums, Galleries, Auction Houses, and Private Collections are considered the institutions of the art world  The “mouseion” of the Greeks laid the fundamental concept for a museum as a place for education and enjoyment since its first creation on their society long ago.  The first government museum in the Philippines was established under the AMERICAN COLONIAL POLICY OF PUBLIC EDUCATION. In 1901, the NATIONAL MUSEUM began as the “INSULAR MUSEUM OF ETHNOLOGY, NATURAL HISTORY, AND COMMERCE”. It was part of the Department of Public Instruction and was created by Act 284 from the Philippine Commission. WHITE CUBE – exhibit their collections on plain, usually white walls in order to focus on a work on display CURATOR – they deal with the inside and outside of the gallery setting SUPPORT FOR THE ARTS  Section 15 of Article XIV of the 1987 Philippine Constitution - establishes the role of the Philippine government in supporting the arts and creative practices of the nation Art Patronage - refers to the support that wealthy personalities and corporate entities bestow on artists Patron - in Latin means ‘FATHER’, hence, a patron of the arts is one who ‘begets’ and protects the arts. Often, they are persons of power and wealth, who commission art for their homes or as a monuments after their deaths to further glory Religious Groups - have funded the creation of great artworks and monumental cathedrals that serve their beliefs THE ART MARKET - It is composed of galleries, art collectors, museums, biennales, art fairs and art media which are sustained by an economic system. - Biennales - a large art exhibition or music festival, especially one held biennially - Gallery owners take a 50 percent commission on all artworks that they sell Auction Houses - art that has been in private collections may be resold GRANT – is a sum of money awarded to an artist by a government agency or private corporation to enable him/her to produce art The National Endowment fund for Culture and the Arts (NEFCA) established by Section 20 of R.A. No. 7356 support Philippine Art and culture programs and projects, allocates a portion of public funds for artwork, subventions to art institutions, the organization of art events locally, regionally or nationally. The NCCA is a grant-giving government agency which administers the NEFCA,. The NCCA, through NEFCA, provides financial assistance to qualified individual artists and art organizations and local government units in their artistic or cultural pursuits. 1. Contemporary Art for Pleasure - art can provide escape from everyday concerns and satisfy the yearning for pleasurable experiences 2. Contemporary Art as Profession - artists earn a living through their art 3. Contemporary Art as Commentary - art has often been used to answer our need for information 4. Contemporary Art in Spirituality - artists may create art to express spiritual beliefs about the destiny of life controlled by the force of a higher power 5. Contemporary Art as Remembrance - as the word itself suggests, remembrance is something done as an aid to memory 6. Contemporary Art for Persuasion - many art forms have a persuasive and ideological function 7. Art as Self-Expression - art fulfills an expressive function when an artist conveys information about his or her personality, feelings, or worldview