Art App Quiz 1 PDF

Similarity between Classical and Contemporary from traditional forms and Arts: exploring new mediums. 1. Expression of Human Experience: Both 2. Style and Techniques: classical and contemporary art...

Similarity between Classical and Contemporary from traditional forms and Arts: exploring new mediums. 1. Expression of Human Experience: Both 2. Style and Techniques: classical and contemporary arts serve as o Classical Art: Emphasizes mediums to express human realism, harmony, balance, and experiences, emotions, and stories. proportion. Artists focused on They reflect the culture, society, and idealized forms, with an personal experiences of the artists and emphasis on the human figure their times. and naturalistic depictions. 2. Aesthetic Values: Both art forms place o Contemporary Art: Is more importance on aesthetic qualities, diverse in styles and techniques. though what is considered "aesthetic" It often includes abstract, may differ between the two. Both conceptual, and non-traditional engage with concepts of beauty, form, approaches, and may use and composition. unconventional materials and 3. Technical Skill: Mastery of technique is mixed media. valued in both classical and 3. Purpose and Themes: contemporary arts, whether it be in the o Classical Art: Often serves precision of classical drawing and religious, mythological, or sculpture or in the innovative historical purposes, celebrating techniques seen in contemporary human achievement and divine works. beauty. 4. Cultural Reflection: Both forms of art o Contemporary Art: Frequently are influenced by and reflect the engages with current social, cultural, social, and political political, and cultural issues, environments of their respective often questioning established periods. norms and exploring identity, Difference between Classical and technology, and globalization. Contemporary Arts: 4. Mediums Used: 1. Time Period: o Classical Art: Primarily includes o Classical Art: Refers to works painting, sculpture, created in ancient civilizations, architecture, and drawing, using particularly Greek and Roman, materials like marble, bronze, but can also include the and canvas. Renaissance period. It is o Contemporary Art: Expands typically characterized by beyond traditional mediums to adherence to traditional forms include digital art, installations, and rules of art. performance art, video, and o Contemporary Art: Refers to art interactive media. produced in the late 20th 5. Audience Engagement: century and beyond, reflecting o Classical Art: Typically intended modern and postmodern for public admiration and often perspectives. It is often tied to religious or state experimental, breaking away  functions, with an emphasis on protecting property rights. Economic decisions universal themes. are driven by market forces rather than o Contemporary Art: Often government directives. encourages active engagement, 5. **Class System:** Society is divided into interpretation, and sometimes classes based on wealth and ownership of participation from the capital, typically the bourgeoisie (owners) and audience, with an emphasis on the proletariat (workers). individual perspective. These similarities and differences highlight how ### **Marxism:** art has evolved over time, reflecting changes in society, culture, and technology while **Definition:** maintaining its core purpose of human Marxism is a social, political, and economic expression. theory developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, which critiques capitalism and advocates **Capitalism and Marxism** are two for a classless society where the means of fundamentally different economic and political production are communally owned. Marxism ideologies that have shaped much of the forms the theoretical foundation for modern world. Here's an overview of each, communism. along with their differences: **Key Features:** ### **Capitalism:** 1. **Collective Ownership:** The means of production are owned collectively by the **Definition:** people, with no private ownership of businesses Capitalism is an economic system where private or resources. individuals or businesses own and control the 2. **Class Struggle:** Marxism sees history as a means of production (such as factories, land, series of class struggles between the and resources) and operate for profit. The key bourgeoisie (capitalist class) and the proletariat characteristics of capitalism include private (working class). The exploitation of workers by property, capital accumulation, wage labor, capitalists leads to social inequality. voluntary exchange, a price system, and 3. **Labor Theory of Value:** Marxists believe competitive markets. that the value of a product is determined by the amount of socially necessary labor time **Key Features:** required to produce it, and that capitalists 1. **Private Ownership:** Individuals or exploit workers by paying them less than the corporations own businesses and resources. value they produce. 2. **Profit Motive:** Businesses operate to 4. **Revolution:** Marxists argue that the generate profit, and profits are reinvested into proletariat will eventually overthrow the the economy to spur growth. bourgeoisie through a revolution, leading to a 3. **Market Economy:** Prices, production, dictatorship of the proletariat and, ultimately, a and distribution of goods are determined by classless, stateless society (communism). competition within a free market. 5. **Abolition of Classes:** Marxism seeks to 4. **Minimal Government Intervention:** In a eliminate class distinctions by abolishing private pure capitalist system, the role of the property and distributing wealth and resources government is limited to enforcing laws and according to need rather than profit.  establishing a system where wealth and ### **Differences between Capitalism and resources are shared according to need. Marxism:** In summary, capitalism prioritizes individual 1. **Ownership of Property:** ownership and market-driven economic growth, - **Capitalism:** Emphasizes private while Marxism focuses on collective ownership ownership of property and means of and the elimination of class inequality. These production. opposing ideologies have influenced global - **Marxism:** Advocates for collective political and economic systems, leading to ownership and the abolition of private property. significant historical and contemporary debates. 2. **Economic Organization:** ------------------------------------------------------------ - **Capitalism:** Relies on a free-market system where supply and demand determine the phrase "fixing the shadows" poetically production, prices, and distribution. encapsulates the essence of what photography - **Marxism:** Proposes a planned economy does—capturing and preserving the ephemeral where production and distribution are centrally play of light and shadow on a scene, making it controlled to meet the needs of the community. permanent. 3. **Class Structure:** ------------------------------------------------------------ - **Capitalism:** Maintains a class system based on wealth, with a distinct division In Latin, the word "ars" (pronounced "ars") between capitalists (owners) and workers means "art," "skill," or "craft." It refers to the (laborers). ability to create or perform something with skill, - **Marxism:** Aims to abolish class whether in the fine arts, like painting and distinctions and create a classless society. sculpture, or in other areas, such as medicine, rhetoric, or any practiced profession. 4. **Role of the State:** - **Capitalism:** The state's role is limited, ------------------------------------------------------------ focusing on protecting property rights and maintaining order; economic decisions are left Ordinary culture in art refers to the to market forces. representation and incorporation of everyday - **Marxism:** Initially, the state plays a life, practices, and experiences into artistic central role in transitioning to communism, but expressions. It emphasizes the depiction of it eventually "withers away" as a stateless, commonplace activities, objects, and social classless society is achieved. norms rather than focusing on the elite or idealized aspects of society. This approach 5. **Goal:** highlights the value and significance of daily - **Capitalism:** The primary goal is experiences and the lives of ordinary people in economic growth and the accumulation of the creation and appreciation of art. wealth, driven by competition and innovation. - **Marxism:** The goal is to achieve social Symbolic culture in art refers to the use of equality and eliminate exploitation by symbols and representations to convey deeper meanings, concepts, and ideas that go beyond the literal depiction of objects or scenes. It involves the use of imagery, symbols, and visual metaphors to express abstract ideas, cultural values, or spiritual beliefs. This approach allows artists to communicate complex and often intangible aspects of human experience through symbolic means.