Kazakh National Medical University Past Exam Paper PDF

«С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ» КЕАҚ НАО «КАЗАХСКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ С.Д.АСФЕНДИЯРОВА» Release: 1...

«С.Ж. АСФЕНДИЯРОВ АТЫНДАҒЫ ҚАЗАҚ ҰЛТТЫҚ МЕДИЦИНА УНИВЕРСИТЕТІ» КЕАҚ НАО «КАЗАХСКИЙ НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМЕНИ С.Д.АСФЕНДИЯРОВА» Release: 1 Work-out The department of language disciplines Page 5 out of 5 Work-out for practical study №1 Theme: “The Heart and the Vascular System” Lexics: Words and word combinations to the theme Phonetics: Reading of the sound [ a: ] Word formation: the suffixes - ous, -ary, -ery, -ory Grammar: Functions of Present Participle and Past Participle Aim: Didactic aims: to form in students the following components of competence: Educational (cognitive) component: 1. to form students’ knowledge on medical terms translation, using general knowledge of students from Latin and Greek languages (phonetical, orthographical peculiarities of medical terms) 2. to form students’ knowledge on using the suffixes: -ous, -ary, -ery, -ory 3. to form students’ knowledge on using Present Participle and Past Participle in various sentences and in various meanings Practical component (Operational component): 1. to form students’ skills on audition, reading and translation of text with and without a dictionary. 2. to form students’ skills of necessary information extraction from a text, its generalization and interpretation with an aim of use in process of studying – professional contacts. Self- studying component: 1. to form students’ skills of work with professional medical supplementary dictionaries. 2. to form students’ habits on working with additional grammar books to gain necessary information. Urgency of the theme: Medical students must understand the importance of theme “The heart and the vascular system” studying, because in their future professional activity as doctors-therapeutists they will examine the hearts of their patients, establish correct diagnosis of heart diseases and prescribe proper treatment. In order to become good doctors, medical students must know well normal and pathological anatomy of human heart and main functions of vascular system, their significance for human organism. Medical students must also know well the special clinical terminology to describe anatomy of human heart. Literature 1. Chabner D.-E. The Language of Medicine.- Moscow, 1981- pp. 144-146 2. Eristavi N.N. Practical textbook in English for Medical High Schools- Moscow, 1981, pp. 30-31 3. Maslova A. M. Essential English for Medical students.- Moscow,2002, pp. 78-82 4. Reznik R.V. Sorokina T.S. English grammar- Moscow, 1991- pp. 97-100 5. Trofimov V.N. Grammar exercises and tests – Minsk, 1997-pp.46-49 6. Vyborova G. E. Makhmuryan K.S. English tests- Moscow, 1997-103p. Tasks 1. to teach the students to make morphological word analysis (prefix, root, suffix, in- flexional ending) 2. to teach the students to differ Present and Past Participle 3. to develop in students the skills of monologues compiling on the given theme, compiling dialogues – conversations on studying theme with the use of new lexical and grammar material for vocabulary extending, reading and translation of texts, connected with the theme “The heart and the vascular system” 4. to teach the students to read texts with commentaries and basing of their arguments on facts. Practical lesson №1 (50 min.) Procedure of the lesson Issues to be studied: 1. Phonetics: Reading of the sound [a:]/-20 min. 2. Grammar: The use and functions of present and Past Participle in English language/25 min. 3. Control of competence components formation/5 min. Methods of teaching: Presentation of new phonetical material with the help of verbal –graphic method. (Scheme: “sound [a:]”, new grammar material with the help of illustrative method (Tables: N1 “Functions of Present Participle”, N 2 “Forms of Present Participle”, N 3 “Function of Past Participle”. Control of competence components formation is performed with the help of tests. Means of teaching: Phonetical and grammar tables and schemes, special medical dictionary I. Presentation of phonetical material / 20 min. In English language the sound [a:] is widely used. This sound [a:] is read in the following cases: a)….. in the III – rd, closed syllable, in letter combination –ar: arm-[a:m], mark- [ma: k] b) …. sometimes in letter combination -ear; heart- [ha:t], hearken [‘ha:kən] The rules and examples of the sound [a:] reading are shown in scheme 1. Scheme 1 In the 3 rd Sound [a:] Sometimes in closed reading letter syllable, in combination letter- -ear combination - ar arm [a: m] mark [ma:k] heart [ha: t] far [fa: r] hearken[‘ha: farm [ fa:m] kən] Audition, reading Fastening phonetical material 1. Pay attention to the pronunciation and read the words. Arch, arm, armless, armour, armpit, car, carpet, dark, far, farm, harbour, hard, harm, harp, large. 2. Read and translate: Hearken, heart, heartache, heart-breaking, heartburn, hearten, heartfelt, hearth, heartily, heartsease, hearty. 3. Remember the pronunciation of the following words. Find their translation in a dictionary. Part [pa:t], heart [ha:t], pericardium [,peri’ka:diəm], artery [ ‘a:təri], large [‘la:dZ], harm[ha:m], heartache[‘hat:eik], cardiology[,ka:di’ələdZi], cardiac[‘ka:diæk], cardiovascular[‘ka:diə’vǽskjulə], tachycardia[‘tæhika:’diə], arch[‘a:t∫] II. A. Presentation of grammar material / 25 min. Study the following grammar material. Try to understand it. 1. Present Participle is formed from Verbal Infinitive with the help of ending –ing. It corresponds to Russian Active Participle with suffixes: -ущ (ющ), - ащ (ящ): to carry - carrying несущий, ( -ая, -ее, -ие) 2. For the preservation of short vocal reading in closed syllable end, consonant is doubled by Present Participle formation: to sit – sitting сидящий 3. In case, when the verb ends on –ie, this lettercombination is changed on – y by Present Participle formation, and the ending – ing is added: to lie – lying лежащий 4. In case, when the verb ends on –e, this letter is lost by adding of –ing: to take – taking берущий Functions of Present Participle and its forms are shown in Tables 1,2 Table 1 Functions of Present Participle Examples Functions 1. The examining teacher is in room 15. 1. Attribute 2. The man examining a patient is our doctor 2. Part of Attributive Participial Construction 3.Examining the patient the doctor listened to 3. Adverbial Modifier of time and reason. his heart. 4. The doctor was standing near the patient 4. Adverbial Modifier of action and others examining him attentively Table 2 Forms of Present Participle Participles Indefinite Perfect Active Asking спршивающий, Having asked спросив, спрашивая Passive Being asked будучи спрошен, Having been asked будучи спрашиваемый спрошен Past Participle or the III-rd verbal form is formed in regular verbs from verbal infinitive with the help of ending –d, -ed. In irregular Verbs the Past Participle has special forms. They are shown in Table of irregular verbs in a dictionary Past Participle is translated into Russian language as Passive Participle with ending – мый, -ный, -тый. Example: divided - разделенный studied – изучаемый, изученный taken – взятый Functions of Past Participle are shown in Table 3. Table 3 Functions of Past Participle Examples Functions a) The delivered lecture was very interesting 1. Attribute b) The lecture delivered interested everybody The lecture delivered yesterday by Prof. 2. Part of Attributive Participial Smirnov was very interesting. Construction Reading, speaking B. Training of grammar material.  1. Read and translate the following sentences, answer the questions. 1. The operating surgeon must always have the necessary set of surgical instruments. 2. The main sitting at the window is our doctor 3. Lying in bed the patient was answering the doctor’s questions 4. Carrying on the medical examination of the patient the doctor measured his blood pressure a) How is Present Participle formed? b) What changes are made when forming Present Participle from the verbs with the endings ie, e? c) Why is the letter t doubled in Present Participle “sitting”? d) What syntactic functions does Present Participle have? Writing 2. Write Present Participle of the following verbs and translate them. To place, to include, to consist, to divide, to connect, to separate, to locate Reading, speaking 1. Determine the function of Present Participle in these sentences. Translate them 1. The patient being admitted to the hospital, the doctor on duty examined him in the reception ward. 2. The female having been hospitalized abdominal pain was controlled in three hours. 3. Generalized abdominal pain having increased, the doctor asked the nurse to give the patient another injection. 2. Read and translate these sentences, answer the questions 1. The delivered lecture was very interesting 2. The lecture delivered interested everybody 3. The lecture delivered yesterday by Prof. Smirnov was very interesting 4. The studied subject is new. 5. The examined patient is ill a) How is Past Participle formed? b) How is Past Participle translated? c) What syntactic function does Past Participle have in these sentences? Writing 5. Write Past Participle of the following verbs and translate them. to carry, to compose, to call, to form, to pass, to dilate, to contract Reading, speaking 6. Form the Past Participle of the verbs given in brackets. State their functions. Translate the following sentences: 1. Patient (admit) to the hospital was a 45-year-old female. 2. The inner organs (include) in the thoracic cavity are the heart and the lungs. 3. The blood (carry) to the lungs is called venous blood. III. Control of competence components formation/5 min. Tasks on the phonetical and grammar themes. Writing Do the following test:  1. In what word the letter a is read [a:]? a) atrium b) contract c) chamber d) arm e) dilate 2. In what word the letter combination -ear is read [ a:]? a) clear b) ear c) heart d) early e) hear 3. Choose the correct auxiliary verb? The heart … an inner hollow muscular organ. a) are b) is c) have d) am e) has 4. Insert the necessary article The heart is …. muscle about the size of your fist a) the b) a c) – d) a …..a e) the…. The 5. Choose the correct auxiliary verb? The base of the heart …. against the third rib. a) have b) is c) are d) will e) did Work-out for practical study №2 Theme: “The heart and the vascular system” Lexics: Words and word combinations to the theme Phonetics: Reading of the sound [ a: ] Word formation: the suffixes - ous, -ary, -ery, -ory Grammar: Functions of Present Participle and Past Participle Aim: Didactic aims: To form in students the following components of competence: Educational (cognitive) component: 1. to form students’ knowledge on medical terms translation, using general knowledge of students from Latin and Greek languages (phonetical, orthographical peculiarities of medical terms) 2. to form students’ knowledge on using the suffixes: -ous, -ary, -ery, -ory 3. to form students’ knowledge on using Present Participle and Past Participle in various sentences and in various meanings Practical component (Operational component): 1. to form students’ skills on audition, reading and translation of text with and without a dictionary. 2. to form students’ skills of necessary information extraction from a text, its generalization and interpretation with an aim of use in process of studying – professional contacts. Self- studying component: 1. to form students’ skills of work with professional medical supplementary dictionaries. 2. to form students’ habits on working with additional grammar books to gain necessary information. Urgency of the theme: Medical students must understand the importance of theme “The heart and the vascular system” studying, because in their future professional activity as doctors-therapeutists they will examine the hearts of their patients, establish correct diagnosis of heart diseases and prescribe proper treatment. In order to become good doctors, medical students must know well normal and pathological anatomy of human heart and main functions of vascular system, their significance anatomy for human organism. Medical students must also know well the special clinical terminology to describe of human heart. Literature 1. Chabner D.-E. The Language of Medicine.- Moscow, 1981- pp. 144-146 2. Eristavi N.N. Practical textbook in English for Medical High Schools- Moscow, 1981, pp. 30-31 3. Maslova A. M. Essential English for Medical students.- Moscow,2002, pp. 78-82 4. Reznik R.V. Sorokina T.S. English grammar- Moscow, 1991- pp. 97-100 5. Trofimov V.N. Grammar exercises and tests – Minsk, 1997-pp.46-49 6. Vyborova G. E. Makhmuryan K.S. English tests- Moscow, 1997-103p. Tasks 1. to teach the students to make morphological word analysis (prefix, root, suffix, in- flexional ending) 2. to teach the students to differ Present and Past Participle 3. to develop in students the skills of monologues compiling on the given theme, compiling dialogues – conversations on studying theme with the use of new lexical and grammar material for vocabulary extending, reading and translation of texts, connected with the theme “The heart and the vascular system” 4. to teach the students to read texts with commentaries and basing of their arguments on facts. Practical lesson №2 (50 min.) Procedure of the lesson Issues to be studied: 1. Word formation: Main functions of suffixes - ous, -ary, -ery, -ory/5 min. 2. Lexics: New words and word combinations to the theme “The heart and the vascular system”/20 min. 3. Reading, translating and discussing texts: a. “The heart and the Vascular system”. b. “The valves of the heart”/20 min. 4. Control of competence components formation. Retelling texts with the help of scheme/5 min. Methods of teaching: Presentation of new lexical material with the help of verbal –graphic method. (Scheme: “Main functions of suffixes - ous, -ary, -ery, -ory”, mirror cards to lexical material); discussing text contents with the help of associographic method ( Associogram “The circulation of Blood”.), illustrative method (Picture: Anatomy of the Heart”). New information from the texts about “The Heart and the Vascular System” is discussed with the help of problem – searching method (discussing the problem “Significance of the heart and the vascular system for human organism”). Means of teaching: Wordformation scheme and lexical cards, special medical dictionary, textbook: Maslova A.M. Essential English for Medical students.- Moscow, 2002.-pp. 78-82 I. Explanation of word formation rules/5 min. 1. The suffix –ous forms Adjectives from Nouns and verbs: Examples: fame- famous, fiber- fibrous 2. The suffixes –ary (-ery, -ory) form nouns and Adjectives: Examples: surgery, pulmonary, laboratory, respiratory Main meanings and functions of suffixes - ous, -ary, -ery, -ory are shown in the schemes 1, 2 Scheme № 1 “Meaning and formation of suffix –ous”. Suffix-ous Function: formation of Adjectives Meaning: quality of a thing or a living creature Examples: famous, fibrous Scheme № 2 “Meaning and functions of suffixes -ary, -ery, -ory” Suffix-ary,-ery,-ory Function: 1. Formation of Meaning: Nouns 1. abstract, real or 2. Formation of concrete thing. Adjectives 2. quality of a thing or a living creature Examples: 1. surgery, laboratory  2. pulmonary , respiatory Fastening of word formation rules. Audition, reading 1. Read and translate 1. obvious, adventurous, autonomous, boisterous, cautious, atrocious, arduous, ambiguous, 2. bakery, laboratory, century, surgery 3. pulmonary, respiratory, complimentary, compulsory, temporary, contemporary, auxiliary, boundary, arbitrary, inflammatory. Speaking, writing 1. Make up words using the suffixes –ous; -ary; -ery;-ory. Audition, reading 2. Read and translate the following words. Pay attention to the use of suffixes –ous; -ary; -ery;-ory in them a) fibrous, numerous, continuous, venous, nervous, serous, subserous, subcutaneous, b) ordinary, alimentary, primary, secondary, respirotary, inflammatory, temporary, II. Introduction of new lexics to the theme “The heart and the vascular system”/ 20 min Audition, reading 3. Remember the pronunciation of the following words. Learn them. Find their translation in a dictionary Vascular [‘væskulə] separate[‘seprit], [‘sepəreit] Pericardium [ ,peri’ka:diəm] chamber [‘t∫eimbə] apex [‘eipeks] thick [ ðik] interspace [ ‘intə(:)’speis] valve [ ‘vælv] costal [‘kostl] fibrous [‘faibrəs] septum [‘septəm] systemic [sis’temik] atrium [‘eitriəm] pulmonary [ ‘pulmənəri] ventricle [‘ventrikl] portal [‘pə:tl] inner [‘inə] locate [ lou’keit] within [wiðin] carry [ ‘kæri] include [in’klu:d] lung [ lλη] male [meil] liver [ ‘livə] female [‘fi:meil] coat [ kout] dilate [ dail’leit] contract [kən’trækt] Fastening new lexics 2. Read and translate the following words and word combinations. 1. chamber[‘t∫eimbə]:the heart consist of two separate chambers; the right atrium and the right ventricle are in the right chamber; 2. thick[ ðik]; a thick wall; thick ice; the walls of the left atrium are thick; the left ventricle has thick walls; 3. pulmonary [ ‘pulmənəri]; pulmonary artery, pulmonary circulation; pulmonary disease; pulmonary function; pulmonary valve; 4. dilate [ dai’leit]: dilated; to be dilated, the vessels dilate; the heart dilates and contracts Speaking 3. Match the words A and B A. B. a. vascular 1. circulation b. pulmonary 2. organ c. thick 3. valve d. muscular 4. wall e. mitral 5. system 4. Match the words A and B. a. the base of 1. atrium b. costal 2. ventricle c. right 3. the heart d. left 4. band e. fibrous 5. cartilage III. Reading, translating and discussing texts: A. “The Heart and the Vascular System”. 20 min B. “The Valves of the Heart”/. A. Presentation of new information about “The heart and the vascular system” with the help of texts. Work on texts: acquainted and studying reading, translation. Audition, reading 1. Read and translate the texts. A and B. Text A. The Heart and the Vascular System The heart is an inner hollow muscular organ placed within the chest and included in the pericardium. The base of the heart is against the third rib. Its apex is against the interspace between the fifth and sixth costal cartilages. The weight of the heart is about 300 grams(gr) in the male and about 220 gr in the female. The heart consist of two separate chambers divided by the septum. Each of the chambers has two connected parts: the atrium and the ventricle. The atrioventricular valves separate the atria from the ventricles. The right atrium is larger than the left one, but the walls of the left atrium are thicker than those of the right one. The right ventricle is triangular in form and has thick walls. The right ventricle is in the anterior part of the heart. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one. The walls of the left ventricle are three times as thick as the walls of the right one. The valves are located at the entrance and exit of each ventricle. The muscular structure of the heart consists of fibrous bands divided into two groups – the first ones are the fibrous bands of the atria and the second ones are the fibrous bands of the ventricles. The vascular system consist of three groups of vessels – arteries, veins and capillaries. The vessels carrying blood to and from the tissues of the body compose the general system. They are called the systemic vessels. The pulmonary system is formed by the vessels carrying blood to and from the lungs. The portal system is formed by the veins passing to the liver. Most of the arteries are composed of three coats. The arteries dilate and contract simultaneously with the action of the heart. Text B. The Valves of the Heart  In the left chamber the atrium and ventricle are separated by the mitral [´maitrəl] valve. In the right chamber the atrium and ventricle are separated by the tricuspid [trai’kλspid] valve. At the point of origin of the aorta in the left ventricle another valve is located. This valve is called the semilunar[ ,semi´lu:nə] valve of the aorta. At the point of origin of the pulmonary artery in the right ventricle the fourth valve is located. It is called the semilunar valve of the pulmonary artery. B. Training lexical material and understanding new information. Fulfilling exercises after reading and translating the text. Reading, speaking 2. Remember the facts. The Heart.......... Is a muscle about the size of your fist Weights approximately one pound Is located behind and slightly to the left of the breastbone Pumps about 5 quarts (4.7 liters) of blood every minute The function of the heart is to circulate blood throughout the body by: Pumping blood through the lungs removes carbon dioxide and refreshes the blood with oxygen The oxygenated blood is pumped to the body to provide oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products. The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. Blood Supply to the Heart 2 coronary arteries branch from the main aorta just above the aortic valve. “No larger than drinking straws, they divide and encircle the heart to cover its surface with a lacy network that reminded physicians of a slightly crooked crown (coronary comes from the Latin coronarius, belonging to a crown or wreath). They carry out about 130 gallons of blood through the heart muscle daily.” Reading 3. Read and translate the following words and word combinations. a heart, a muscular organ, a pericardium, the base of the heart , an apex, an interspace, costal cartilages, separate chambers, an atrium, a ventricle, atrioventricular valves, the right atrium, the left atrium, the right ventricle, the left ventricle, the anterior part, the posterior part. Reading and speaking 4. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used in the text: heart, vascular system, atrium, ventricle, muscular structure, fibrous bands, arteries, veins, capillaries, general system, systemic vessels, pulmonary system, portal system Reading, speaking, writing 5. Find in the text all sentences, in which Present Participle and Past Participle are used. Make up 6 sentences of your own according to the main contents of the texts, using Participles in them. IV. Control of competence components formation/5min. Speaking 1. Give a summary of the text, using the schemes N1, N2 Scheme N 1 “ Anatomy of the Heart” Scheme N2 “The Circulation of Blood” 2. Express your opinion on the problem: “Significance of the heart and the vascular system for human organism”