Adaptation Model of Nursing by Sister Callista Roy PDF

ADAPTATION MODEL OF NURSING BY SISTER CALLISTA ROY PREPARED BY: GROUP 10  BIOGRAPHY OF SISTER CALLISTA ROY A Nun and American Nurse Was born on 1939 in Los Angeles She is a sister of St. Joseph of Carondelet....

ADAPTATION MODEL OF NURSING BY SISTER CALLISTA ROY PREPARED BY: GROUP 10  BIOGRAPHY OF SISTER CALLISTA ROY A Nun and American Nurse Was born on 1939 in Los Angeles She is a sister of St. Joseph of Carondelet. Earned her Bachelor of Arts Degree in Nursing from Mount St. Mary’s College in Los Angeles. SISTER CALLISTA ROY  In 1996, she earned a Master’s Degree in Pediatric Nursing from the University of California-Los Angeles. She also earned a Master’s Degree in Sociology in 1973, and went on to complete a Doctoratal degree in Sociology in 1977. ADAPTATION MODEL OF NURSING Roy’s prominent nursing theory aims to explain or define the provision of nursing. In her theory, Roy’s model sees the individual as a set of interrelated systems that maintain a balance between these various stimuli. Internal Processes Regulator The regulator subsystem is a person’s physiological coping mechanism. The body attempts to adapt via regulation of our bodily processes, including neurochemical and endocrine systems. Cognator The cognator subsystem is a person’s mental coping mechanism. A person uses his brain to cope via self-concept, interdependence, and role function adaptive modes.  Roy’s model recognizes the individual as a set of interrelated biological, psychological, and social systems, all of which strive to maintain balance with the external world. According to Sister Callista Roy, each individual is unique and adapts to the stress of illness in their own way. Sister Callista Roy outlined four modes of adaptation that contribute to a person’s healing: Physiological: The individual’s physical health and functions Self-concept: The individual’s beliefs and feelings about themself Role function: The individual’s role in society Interdependence: The individual’s relationships and interactions with others Level of Adaptation Integrated Process The various modes and subsystems meet the needs of the environment. These are usually stable processes (e.g., breathing, spiritual realization, successful relationship). Compensatory Process The cognator and regulator are challenged by the environment’s needs but are working to meet the needs (e.g., grief, starting with a new job, compensatory breathing). Compromised Process The modes and subsystems are not adequately meeting the environmental challenge (e.g., hypoxia, unresolved loss, abusive relationships). For nurses to attend to these four modes of adaptation, Roy suggested applying a six-step nursing process: 1. Assessment of Behavior: Observe the patient's behavior in each of the four modes, then compare them with norms to deem them either adaptive or ineffective. 2. Assessment of Stimuli: Observe the focal, contextual or residual (factors) stimuli that influence the patient's positive or negative behaviors. 3. Nursing Diagnosis: State the patient’s ineffective behavior and the probable cause of those ineffective behaviors. 4. Goal Setting: Set realistic and attainable goals in collaboration with the patient to correct and/ or improvement and those ineffective behaviors. 5. Intervention: Together with the patient, manipulate the patient’s stimuli, which is sometimes referred to as the “doing phase”. The object is to build new, healthier habits that contribute to the patient’s healing and acceptance. 6. Evaluation: Determine the degree of patient’s changes as evidence by changes of behavior. Reassess the patient’s ineffective behaviors and revise the interventions.  METAPARADIGM IN NURSING Person- Roy’s models view the person as a biopsychosocial being in a constant interaction with a changing environment. Environment- Roy viewed environment as conditions, circumstances and influences that surround and affect the development and behavior of the person.  Health - Originally, Roy wrote that health and illness are on a continuum with many different states or degrees possible. Nursing – Nursing is the science and practice that expands adaptive abilities and enhances person and environment transformation.