Helen C. Erickson's Modeling and Role-Modeling Theory PDF

HELEN C. ERICKSON By: Leslie Shane F. Palen B Born on January 01, 1936 I 1957- Received nursing diploma from Saginaw General Hospital in Saginaw, Michigan O 1974- Earned a Bachelor`s Degree in Nursing from the University...

HELEN C. ERICKSON By: Leslie Shane F. Palen B Born on January 01, 1936 I 1957- Received nursing diploma from Saginaw General Hospital in Saginaw, Michigan O 1974- Earned a Bachelor`s Degree in Nursing from the University of Michigan School of Nursing G 1976- Master`s Degree in Psychiatric Nursing r 1984- Doctorate in Educational Psychology a 1976 to 1986- She served as a faculty member of the University of p Michigan School of Nursing Associate Dean for Academic Affairs - University of South h Carolina College of Nursing Chair of Holistic Adult Health - University of Texas at Austin y School of Nursing 1983, their book, Modeling and Role- Modeling: A theory and Paradigm for Nurses, was completed and published. B Born on January 01, 1936 I 1957- Received nursing diploma from Saginaw General Hospital in Saginaw, Michigan O 1974- Earned a Bachelor`s Degree in Nursing from the University of Michigan School of Nursing G 1976- Master`s Degree in Psychiatric Nursing r 1984- Doctorate in Educational Psychology a 1976 to 1986- She served as a faculty member of the University of p Michigan School of Nursing Associate Dean for Academic Affairs - University of South h Carolina College of Nursing Chair of Holistic Adult Health - University of Texas at Austin y School of Nursing  AWARDS The American HOlistic Nurses Association (AHNA) presented Dr. Erickson with the Holistic Nurse of the Year (HNY) Upon her 1997 retirement from the University of Texas at Austin, she was awarded PRofessor Emeritus and now spends her time writing and supporting nursing Research.  MODELING AND ROLE-MODELING developed by Helen C. Erickson, along with Evelyn M. Tomlin and Mary Ann P. Swain. The Theory of MRM helps the nurses to care for and nurture each client with an awareness of and respect for the individual's uniqueness. It is a self-care method of nursing, which means it is based on the patient`s perceptions of the environment, and adapts based on individual stressor for that patient.  theoretical underpinnings Development processes are sequential tasks, strengths, and virtues associated with biological time. Individuals move through stages in life, relying on accrued resources to meet needs. Lower-level needs must be met before high-level needs (required for survival). - Not meeting needs=tension -Meeting needs=facilitates growth  2 types of stress responses: 1. Arousal-adequate resources available 2. Impoverishment-inadequate resources available (at great risk of stress=illness, disease, or physical death) Adaptation: needs met, diminished stress, and new resources built theoretical sources The concept of this theory were drawn from the work of: Maslow’s Theory of Hierarchy Needs Erickson’s Theory of Psychological Stages Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) by Selye and Lazarus  inner sequence equilibrium to impoverishment to arousal —an individual starts in a stable and secure state. Over time, various stressors, such as life changes, lack of support, or health issues, can lead to impoverishment, where their resources outer sequence and coping mechanisms diminish. This decline creates feelings of being overwhelmed and equilibrium to arousal to impoverishment vulnerable, which eventually results in —the individual initially enjoys a balanced state heightened emotional responses and arousal, but soon encounters disruptive stressors that as the individual grapples with the mounting trigger increased anxiety or physiological challenges they face. responses. If these stressors are not effectively addressed, they can lead to a state of impoverishment, where the individual’s capacity to cope deteriorates significantly. This decline impacts their overall well-being, making it difficult to return to equilibrium.  Modeling is when a nurse creates a picture and understanding of the client’s life based on the client’s viewpoint. It involves reflecting the client’s situation as they see it. - That is to build a “model” of the client’s world view. MODELING Modeling is gaining an understanding of the client’s world from the client’s perspective. - It means understanding the client’s world from their point of view. The nurse tries to learn about the client’s personal view of their life and recognizes how important it is.  "Role-modeling starts the second the nurse moves from the analysis phase of the nursing process to the planning of nursing interventions" Role-Modeling is using the client’s model of the world to plan interventions. It is the process by which role- the nurse facilitates and nurtures the individual in attaining, maintaining, and promoting health MODELING The art of role-modeling occurs when the nurse plans and implements interventions that are unique for the client. "Role-modeling is the essence of nurturance. It requires an unconditional acceptance of the person as the person is, while gently encouraging and facilitating growth and development at the person's own pace and within the person's own model"  major concepts  HOW PEOPLE PSYCHOLOGICAL STAGES ARE ALIKE - Each psychological stage presents a key task or challenge that leads to important decisions, such as trust versus mistrust. Successfully navigating HOLISM these tasks helps shape a person’s character and - Humans are holistic beings made up of many health in their culture. interacting parts. These include genetic traits and spiritual influences. The body, mind, COGNITIVE STAGES emotions, and spirit work together and affect - Cognitive development focuses on how thinking each other. Holism means that the whole is evolves, following a set sequence. Piaget identified greater than the sum of its parts. four stages of cognitive learning: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operations, and formal BASIC NEEDS operations. - Everyone has basic needs that must be met within their own perspective. Needs are AFFILIATED INDIVIDUATION considered met only when the individual - People have a natural need for connection and believes they are. support while also wanting to maintain their independence. They seek a balance between their LIFETIME DEVELOPMENT individuality and their relationships, feeling - Development occurs throughout life in accepted in both roles. psychological and cognitive stages.  HOW PEOPLE MIND-BODY-EMOTION-SPIRIT RELATIONSHIPS - We are complex beings who seek to reach our full ARE DIFFERENT potential, driven by our spiritual needs. SELF-CARE INHERENT ENDOWMENT - Self-care involves using knowledge, resources, - Each person is born with unique genes that and actions to promote health. influence their appearance, growth, development, and reactions to life experiences. SELF-CARE KNOWLEDGE - Individuals have an understanding of what ADAPTATION causes their health issues and what will help them - Adaptation is how individuals respond to heal and thrive. internal and external stressors in a healthy way. It involves using both internal and external SELF-CARE RESOURCES resources, ensuring that no part of the - These are the internal and external resources individual is neglected. The Adaptive Potential that individuals draw upon to achieve and Assessment Model (APAM) outlines three states maintain optimal health. of coping: (1) arousal, (2) equilibrium (both adaptive and maladaptive), and (3) SELF-CARE ACTION impoverishment. -Self-care action is the practical application of self-care knowledge and resources.  APPLICATION OF THE THEORY According to the theory the roles of nursing are: FACILITATION - the nurse helps the patient take steps toward health, including NURTURANCE providing necessary resources and information. - the nurse provides care and comfort to the patient. UNCONDITIONAL ACCEPTANCE - the nurse accepts each patient just as he or she is without any conditions. 5 GOALS OF NURSING INTERVENTION Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3 PROMOTE BUILD PROMOTE PATIENT’S PATIENT’S TRUST POSITIVE CONTROL ORIENTATION Goal 4 Goal 5 AFFIRM AND SET MUTUAL, PROMOTE HEALTH THE -DIRECTED PATIENT’S GOALS. STRENGTHS  NURSING METAPARAGIGM NURSING - This theory distinguishes between patients and clients. A patient receives treatment and instructions, while a client actively participates in their own care. - Our goal is for nurses to collaborate with clients. - A client is seen as a key member of the decision-making team, having a say in their care plan and being involved in the planning and implementation of their treatment as much as possible. PERSON - The nurse acts as a facilitator rather than a doer. The nurse-client relationship is interactive and helps the individual recognize and develop their strengths for better health and well-being. - This relationship is describes as facilitative affiliation. Nursing interventions aim to build trust, support client strengths, encourage a positive outlook, foster a sense of control, and establish mutual health goals. HEALTH - Health is a state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. It connotes a state of dynamic equilibrium among the various subsystems of a holistic person. - affected by the individual's spiritual drive, which has greater influence on the person's total state of wellbeing than any of the subsystems. ENVIRONMENT - Environment is not identified in the theory as an entity of its own. The theorists see environment in the social subsystems as the interaction between self and others both cultural and individual. - Biophysical stressors are seen as part of the environment" AIM OF THEORY The theory enables the nurse to care for and nurture each client with an awareness of and respect for the individual’s uniqueness. It is based on the client’s needs. Clients have the ability and knowledge to understand what made them sick. It empowers the patient to grow to heal. thank You Tomey, A.M., (1994). Nursing Theorists and Their Work. 3rd ed. Missouri: Mosby Hertz, J. (2015). SAMRM. Retrieved January 12, 2017, from Modeling andhave Do you roleany modeling questionstheory: for us? An introduction: http://www.mrmnursingtheory.org/mrmoverview.html