SI131 Ch 1 FA24 (T) Biology Past Paper PDF

SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Kerr Classmarker Test SI131 Ch 1 FA24 Alannah Acfalle Points: 31 / 31...

SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Kerr Classmarker Test SI131 Ch 1 FA24 Alannah Acfalle Points: 31 / 31 Percentage: 100% Duration: 02:11:03 Date started: Tue 27 Aug '24 20:39 Date finished: Tue 27 Aug '24 23:06 Feedback You passed the test with a 60% or better. If you did not make 100%, you have one more chance to improve your grade. all questions 31 correct 0 incorrect 0 bookmarked https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 1 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 1 of 31 Points 1/1 Choose the answer that is an example of the principle of complementarity of structure and function. A. Appropriate atmospheric pressure is necessary for breathing properly. B. The nine abdominopelvic regions provide an efficient way to locate disease or injury in a patient. C. The anatomical term 'distal' refers to being further from the origin of a body part, or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk. D. Veins have valves that prevent blood from backflowing, whereas arteries do not need valves because pressure from the heart is strong enough to keep blood moving in one direction. Feedback Correct. According to the principle of complementarity of structure and function, the structure of veins includes valves that prevent blood from backflowing when it is being returned to the heart. Question 2 of 31 Points 1/1 https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 2 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Place the following levels of organization in correct sequence: 1. molecules 2. atoms 3. tissues 4. cells 5. organs 6. organelles A. 1-2-3-4-5-6 B. 2-1-6-4-3-5 C. 2-1-3-6-4-5 D. 1-2-4-6-3-5 https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 3 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Feedback Correct. 1. Atoms combine to make a molecule. This is the 'atomic level' of organization. 2. Molecules combine to make an organelle (e.g., mitochondria, ribosome, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, etc.). This is the 'molecular level' of organization. 3. Organelles come together to make a cell. This is the 'cellular level' of organization. 4. Cells that are the same type come together to make a tissue. This is the 'tissue level' of organization. 5. More than 1 type of tissue comes together to make an organ. This is the 'organ level' of organization. 6. Different organs come together to make an organ system. This the is 'organ system level' of organization. 7. Different organ systems come together to make an organism, e.g., a human. This is the 'organismal level' of organization. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 4 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 3 of 31 Points 1/1 Which of the following is the best explanation for why cells are considered the smallest units of living things. A. Cells cannot be seen with the naked eye and are considered microscopic. B. Cells are highly ordered and complex. C. Cells have the ability to reproduce identical copies of themselves in a process called mitosis. D. Cells are the simplest structures that possess all of the features necessary to be considered alive. Feedback Correct. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 5 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 4 of 31 Points 1/1 Anabolic reactions are chemical reactions of the body that build things, make them bigger or more complex. Catabolic reactions break things down making them smaller or less complex. If the rate of anabolic reaction in the body is much faster than the rate of catabolic reactions which of the following necessary life function will be accomplished? A. movement B. responsiveness C. growth D. digestion Feedback Correct. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 6 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 5 of 31 Points 1/1 One of the necessary life functions is "excitability or responsiveness". This refers to ________. A. indigestible food residues stimulating the excretory system B. sensing changes in the environment and then reacting or responding to them C. the nervous system causing all living things to sometimes experience anger D. the necessity for all organisms to reproduce Feedback Correct. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 7 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 6 of 31 Points 1/1 Preventing loss of water is a necessary function for life that would best fit in the category of ________. A. maintaining boundaries B. metabolism C. responsiveness D. excretion Feedback Correct. Preventing loss of water best fits into the category of maintaining a boundary. For example, the cell membrane or cell wall (in plant cells) keep water from leaving, or, the epidermal layer of the skin (stratum corneum) that prevents water from moving outside of the body. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 8 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 7 of 31 Points 1/1 Choose the answer that correctly lists the survival needs of the body. A. nutrients, water, movement, and reproduction B. nutrients, water, growth, and reproduction C. water, atmospheric pressure, growth, and movement D. nutrients, water, appropriate atmospheric pressure, and oxygen Feedback Correct. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 9 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 8 of 31 Points 1/1 Homeostasis is the condition in which the body maintains ________. A. the lowest possible energy usage B. a relatively stable internal environment, within limits C. a static state with no deviation from preset points D. a dynamic state within an unlimited range, depending on circumstances Feedback Correct. Homeostasis literally means "staying the same". In the body, various factors like blood pressure, blood glucose concentration, blood oxygen concentration, or body temperature are kept within their particular normal ranges so that the body functions well. If these factors stay abnormal, either too low or too high, then illness, and possibly death, occurs. Homeostasis is sometimes called a dynamic equilibrium, because the body is constantly making adjustments to keep such factors within their normal ranges. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 10 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 9 of 31 Points 1/1 Choose the correct statement about homeostatic imbalance. A. It is considered the cause of most diseases. B. The internal environment is becoming more stable. C. Positive feedback mechanisms cease. D. Negative feedback mechanisms are functioning normally. Feedback Correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 11 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 10 of 31 Points 1/1 Some of the nerve endings in the skin are sensitive to changes in temperature. They are part of a negative feedback mechanism regulating body temperature. These nerve endings are the ________ in the negative feedback mechanism. A. effectors B. control center C. homeostatic balance or "ideal" value D. receptors Feedback Correct The nerve endings sense the initial stimulus, thus they are receptors, they receive a stimulus. Effectors perform the action that stops or reduces the stimulus. An example are sweat glands that release sweat to cool the body, which in turn reduces the heat that was the stimulus. The control center receives the message from the receptor regarding the stimulus and "decides" what needs to be done. Control centers can be located in the brain or in various glands in the body. The homoestatic balance or "ideal" value refers to normal body temperature, pH of the blood, normal blood glucose levels, etc. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 12 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 11 of 31 Points 1/1 In a feedback mechanism, the receptor sends a message to the control center along the ____________ pathway. A. efferent B. stimulus C. response D. afferent Feedback Correct. Question 12 of 31 Points 1/1 Negative feedback mechanisms maintain homeostasis by causing a variable to change in a direction opposite to that of the initial change, so that the variable returns to its normal state or value. Choose the correct example of a negative feedback mechanism. A. During labor, the hormone oxytocin is released by the posterior pituitary gland to increase contractions. As contractions occur, more oxytocin is released, which increases the strength of contractions and signals the release of even more oxytocin. When the baby is delivered, the hypothalamus stops releasing oxytocin. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 13 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM B. When the integument (skin) is broken and bleeding occurs, platelets collect at the wound site, stick to the wound, and release more chemicals that signal even more platelets to join. This cascading cycle continues until bleeding is stopped by the platelet plug, causing the signaling and platelets to stop. C. When body temperature increases, this stimulates receptors in the skin to send a message to the control center in the brain. Sweat glands release sweat to the surface of the skin and, as the water evaporates and releases heat, the body returns to normal temperature. D. Production of prolactin in a mother is stimulated when a baby starts breast feeding. Prolactin, in turn, increases milk production and continues to release milk, until the baby stops nursing. Prolactin production stops and no more milk is released. Feedback Correct. Answer C is a negative feedback response because sweating resulted in reversing the initial change, that is, the rise in body temperature. Choices A, B, and D are examples of positive feedback mechanisms that involve a 'cascade', or a more intense release or response, in the same direction as the initial response. Note that positive feedback mechanisms occur for sporadic or non-routine events, whereas negative feedback mechanisms routinely occur in order to maintain homeostasis, such as with body temperature. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 14 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 13 of 31 Points 1/1 Positive feedback differs from negative feedback because ________. A. positive feedback is generally beneficial while negative feedback is typically harmful B. positive feedback tends to enhance the triggering stimulus while negative feedback tends to return the body to a homeostatic balance or "ideal" level C. positive feedback is critical to health while negative feedback serves only to alert us to potential health threats D. positive feedback provides moment-to-moment wellbeing while negative feedback causes a cascade effect Feedback Correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 15 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 14 of 31 Points 1/1 Match the options below to the correct organ system: Controls the body with chemical molecules Endocrine system called hormones. Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues. Cardiovascular system Produces antibodies that attach to foreign Immune system substances. Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues Lymphatic system and also produces lymphocytes, which are white blood cells that fight bacteria, viruses, and other invaders. Helps to maintain electrolytes and blood pH Urinary system levels, as well as filters toxins from the blood. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 16 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 15 of 31 Points 1/1 Select the correct statement regarding organ systems. A. The immune system is closely associated with the lymphatic system. B. Organ systems operate independently of each other to maintain life. C. The endocrine system is not a true structural organ system. D. Organ systems can be composed of cells or tissues, but not both. Feedback Correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 17 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 16 of 31 Points 1/1 What two organ systems overlap in function to maintain the supply of oxygen to the blood and also to remove carbon dioxide from the body? A. endocrine system and respiratory system B. cardiovascular system and the respiratory system C. urinary system and respiratory system D. cardiovascular system and nervous system Feedback Correct. The cardiovascular system, via the blood vessels and pumping action of the heart, transports oxygen to the cells, and carbon dioxide to the lungs. The respiratory system, via the lungs, brings in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, AND uses blood vessels and the heart to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 18 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 17 of 31 Points 1/1 The organ systems that work together to maintain the pH of the blood are the A. respiratory and digestive systems B. respiratory and endocrine systems C. respiratory and urinary systems D. cardiovascular and urinary systems Feedback Correct. To maintain blood pH, the lungs help to regulate carbon dioxide by expiration (breathing out), and the kidneys release or absorb hydrogen ions or bicarbonate ions. Question 18 of 31 Points 1/1 Which organ system would be most affected by a lower than normal atmospheric pressure? A. Reproductive system B. Endocrine system C. Respiratory system https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 19 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM D. Urinary system Feedback Correct. Atmospheric pressure is the weight of the air outside the body. Within the lungs, the alveoli (sacs where gas exchange occurs) also have pressure. Intra-alveolar pressure is the pressure inside the alveoli. When a person inhales, atmospheric pressure must be greater than intra-alveolar pressure so that oxygen moves into the lung tissue easily. When a person exhales, intra-alveolar pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure in order to release carbon dioxide easily. Question 19 of 31 Points 1/1 https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 20 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Match the letters to the correct body cavity descriptions Thoracic cavity C https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 21 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Cranial cavity A Abdominopelvic cavity D Vertebral cavity B https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 22 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Feedback Correct C. Thoracic cavity A. Cranial cavity D. Abdominopelvic cavity B. Vertebral cavity Further, the cranial and vertebral cavities together make up the DORSAL body cavity. The VENTRAL body cavity is comprised of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities. The abdominopelvic cavity is further divided into the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity. The THORACIC cavity is subdivided into the right and left pleural (lung) cavities and the mediastinum (which contains the heart, thymus gland, esophagus, large blood vessels (superior vena cava, ascending aorta). The heart is further encased in the pericardial cavity. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 23 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 20 of 31 Points 1/1 Which of these is not part of the dorsal cavity? A. cranial cavity B. thoracic cavity C. spinal cord D. vertebral cavity Feedback Correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 24 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 21 of 31 Points 1/1 In which body cavities are the lungs located? A. pleural, thoracic, and ventral B. mediastinal, thoracic, and ventral C. pleural, abdominal, and dorsal D. pericardial, mediastinum, thoracic, and ventral Feedback Correct. Note that the lungs are "nested" within 3 cavities: the pleural cavity is nested within the thoracic cavity, and the thoracic cavity is nested within the ventral cavity. The heart is nested within the pericardial, the mediastinum, the thoracic and the ventral cavities. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 25 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 22 of 31 Points 1/1 The body cavities that protect the nervous system are located in the ________ cavity. A. abdominal B. dorsal C. vertebral D. thoracic E. ventral Feedback Correct. The dorsal body cavity is subdivided into the cranial cavity (encloses the brain), and the vertebral cavity (through which the spinal cord runs). https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 26 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 23 of 31 Points 1/1 A __________ plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections. A. frontal B. mid-sagittal C. parasagittal D. transverse Feedback Correct. Note: The frontal plane is also called the "coronal" plane. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 27 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 24 of 31 Points 1/1 A ____________ plane divides a body into left and right sections. A. frontal B. regional C. sagittal D. transverse Feedback Correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 28 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 25 of 31 Points 1/1 In which QUADRANT of the abdominopelvic region is most of the stomach located? A. right upper quadrant B. right lower quadrant C. left upper quadrant D. left lower quadrant Feedback Correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 29 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 26 of 31 Points 1/1 The liver is located in the ______________ regions A. left hypochondriac and epigastric B. right hypochondriac and epigastric C. right lumbar region and right hypochrondriac D. epigastric region and umbilical Feedback Correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 30 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 27 of 31 Points 1/1 You are asked to draw blood from the median cubital vein. You will search for this vein in the ________. A. carpal region B. antecubital region C. brachial region D. popliteal region Feedback Correct. The antecubital region is the anterior side of the elbow and is the usual area from which blood is drawn. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 31 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 28 of 31 Points 1/1 The nurse wrote in a chart: "Patient has an open wound located on the lateral aspect of left leg." Describe where the wound is located using the correct body region term. A. The wound is located on the left fibular (or peroneal) area. B. The wound is located on the left crural area. C. The wound is located on the left sural area. D. The wound is located on the left popliteal area. Feedback Correct. Note that the fibula is the smaller leg bone that is located lateral to the larger leg bone called the tibia. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 32 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 29 of 31 Points 1/1 Choose the following statement that is NOT CORRECT regarding serous membranes. A. The serosa, or serous membranes, are very thin, double-layered structures. B. Serous membranes are divided into parietal and visceral membranes with a narrow fluid-filled space between the two membranes. C. Visceral pericardium covers the outer surface of the heart, and parietal pericardium lines the internal walls of the heart. D. Serous membranes secrete a lubricating fluid called serous fluid that helps prevent friction. Feedback Correct. C is an incorrect statement because the parietal pericardium lines the cavity, specifically, it lines the pericardium that is a fibrous connective tissue that surrounds the heart. https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 33 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 30 of 31 Points 1/1 The parietal pleura would represent a serous membrane ________. A. covering individual lungs B. lining the thoracic cavity C. covering the heart D. lining the abdominal cavity Feedback Correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 34 of 35 SI131 Ch 1 FA24 8/27/24, 11:11 PM Question 31 of 31 Points 1/1 The serous membrane that covers the intestines is called the A. parietal abdominal B. visceral abdominal C. parietal peritoneum D. visceral peritoneum Feedback correct https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/results/?quiz=9xn66c51e2270c45 Page 35 of 35