Sex-and-Gender.pdf

UNDERSTANDING SEX GENDER  Objectives Compare and contrast sex and gender T oThese societal institutions continue to hone and dictate what a Understand Sex and man and a woman Gender...

UNDERSTANDING SEX GENDER  Objectives Compare and contrast sex and gender T oThese societal institutions continue to hone and dictate what a Understand Sex and man and a woman Gender should asthe be in fundamental society. concepts of Gender and Development oDetermine, enforce and create a division of labor between men What are GENDER AGENTS? and women may it be inside or outside the domicile (home). Differentiate Sex roles and Gender roles oBecause of this, our understanding, outlook and perception on the lives of men and women differ. Internalize that the common misconceptions about sex and gender leads to biases Articulate common misconceptions about the concepts introduced 2  ACTIVITY: What are GENDER AGENTS? T oThese societal institutions continue to hone and dictate what a man and a woman should PARAMIHAN be in the society. oDetermine, enforce and create a division of labor between men Write down and women asinside may it be many as the or outside you can(home). domicile Physical similarities and oBecause of this, our differences understanding, outlook of and male and perception on the lives of men and women differ. female 4 SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES WHAT IS S E X? WHAT IS G E N D E R? Gender is very much related to sex and many people are often confused about the distinction between sex and gender S EX SEX – is the identification of the biological differences of a human body. Male, female and Biological and Anatomical intersex are three main categories into which human and many other living things are divided into and are basis of their reproductive functions. Constant across time, society and culture  DETERMINANTS OF S E X CHROMO XY XX SOMES Testes Ovaries Penis Fallopian Tubes REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS Seminal Vesicles Uterus Prostate Vagina Vulva GAMETES Sperm Egg  DETERMINANTS OF S E X HORMONES Testosterone Estrogen Progesterone Pitch of voice Well- SECONDARY SEX CHARACTERISTICS Well- developed/ developed/ active breasts prominent Adam’s Apple GE NDE R Psychological and socio- cultural characteristics attributed by a given culture to males and females What makes one feminine or masculine Changes across time, places and culture S EX G ENDER What is masculine or feminine What makes one male or female Socially Determined; Biologically determined Culturally Defined Refers to Physical Refers to Learned Characteristics Behavior SEX is what you are born with GENDER is what happens afterwards Question/s? SEX GENDER So What???  Clerk of Court Barbie doll Breast feeding Lawyer Firefighter Gardening Nurturing Child-rearing Secretary Vagina Penis Teacher Toy car Menstruation Child-Bearing Domestic helper Toy guns Toy tea set Cook Construction worker Judge Farmer Fish vendor Hairbrush  DETERMINING SEX ROLES GENDER ROLES WHAT ARE S E X R O L E S? WHAT ARE G E N D E R R O L E S? As Sex and Gender are used interchangeably, so are Sex Roles and Gender Roles S E X ROLE Roles according to the reproductive function of a person’s body G E NDER ROLE Roles a person is expected to perform as a result of being male or female in a particular culture G E NDER ROLE  It determines how males and females should think, speak, dress and interact within the context of society  Are not inborn but are passed on through generations  Learned in early stages of childhood and are further reinforced G E NDER ROLE Gender roles are passed on through generations. At age three, children start becoming aware of the differences between girls and boys based on what they see as the actions of their parents. G E NDER ROLE As the children grow a few years more, they start learning what behaviour is appropriate and expected for their age. FEMININE MASCULINE Submis Domin sive ant Is there a problem with Gender Roles? When does it become an issue? Gender issues come in because it blocks people’s capacity to do and to be Gender issues affect everybody. Males or females, rich or poor, Young or old, etc. In all spheres of life They affect males and females GENDER ROLES attributed to MALES Strong, Primary PERCEPTION Rational, Cannot feel Hard work ROLE Leader/Boss No care giving Don’t make women do hard work EXPECTATIONS Always be smart/in control Get the best Don’t cry  Gender Roles deny males access to the nurturing, emotive, other oriented world of domestic life GENDER ROLES attributed to FEMALES Weak, Secondary, PERCEPTION Emotional, Cannot think No hard work ROLE Not a leader/boss No decision-making EXPECTATIONS Stay at home Don’t assert Don’t participate in decision-making It is okay to cry  Gender roles deny females access to the public world of work, achievement, independence and power Let’s see how far you have learned…  S or G? Women have a developed uterus and can become pregnant 1  S or G? Women as mothers and wives are pre-determined roles. They are not to be trusted by major decisions since they operate not by reason but by intuition or worse, whim 2  S or G? The voice pitch of the boys changes as he grows older 3  S or G? Men have underdeveloped breasts 4  S or G? Decision making in the community and the larger society is dominated by men, because it is the men who are involved in the economic activities that society values 5  S or G? Sex chromosomes present in the sperm determine whether the offspring are genetically male or female 9  S or G? I am a woman and so I am not a good planner and decision maker 10  S or G? Women give birth to babies, men do not 12  S or G? Little girls are gentle, boys are tough 13  S or G? In one case, when a child brought up as a girl learned that he was actually a boy, his school marks improved dramatically 14  S or G? Among Indian agricultural workers, women are paid 40-60 percent of the male wage 15  S or G? Women can breastfeed babies; men can bottle-feed babies 16  S or G? Most building-site workers in Britain are men 17  S or G? Men’s voices break at puberty, women’s do not 19  S or G? In one study of the 224 cultures, there were 5 in which men did all the cooking, and 36 in which women did all the house building 20 What’s your score? KEY LEARNING POINTS:  S EX GENDER SOCIALLY BIOLOGICAL CONSTRUCTED Born With Not Born With Can’t be changed Changeable generally Female can do traditional male Only females can give birth jobs as well as male can take good care of their children APPLICATION: WORD STEM The most valuable insight I have taken from this session is… DAGHANG SALAMAT