L1 LLCER Anglais Language S1 TD TE12AN Past Paper 2024-2025 PDF

2024-2025 L1 LLCER ANGLAIS LANGUE S1 – TD TE12AN Session 3: parts of speech (1) Quiz What can you say about the nature of language? How is direct speech introduced (depending on the register)? Give an example.  Today’s objectives Understand the general structure of English (...

2024-2025 L1 LLCER ANGLAIS LANGUE S1 – TD TE12AN Session 3: parts of speech (1) Quiz What can you say about the nature of language? How is direct speech introduced (depending on the register)? Give an example.  Today’s objectives Understand the general structure of English (parts of speech) Identify all the parts of a Noun Phrase Parts of speech (PoS) / word class / grammatical Activity 1: Recognizing parts of speech Nouns Verbs Adjectives Determine rs Adverbs  At, from, with, of, to Prepositio ns And, but, so, as Conjuncti ons Auxiliarie s He: _________________ pronoun Pronouns Him: _________________ pronoun Who: _________________ pronoun  NOUNS: refer to entities (objects, people, concepts), can take determiners, adjectives, etc. VERBS: actions or states, take a subject, and potentially an Lexical object, etc words ADJECTIVES: describe the quality of a noun, can take inflexional suffixes (-er, -est, -able, -ful), etc. ADVERBS: often adjective + -ly, modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb DETERMINERS: help clarify what a noun refers to (my book, this book, some books, etc.) PREPOSITIONS: short, invariable linking words that usually Function introduce a PP. A PP = [P+NP] (I like that picture [of our beautiful house]) words CONJUNCTIONS: coordinators (and, or, but…) and subordinators (whether, that…) AUXILIARIES: primary vs modal, added to the main lexical verb, shows tense, aspect, active/passive  OPEN CLASSES AND CLOSED CLASSES Nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs are lexical parts of speech: You can find thousands of members of these parts of speech in the English lexicon; You can create new members quite easily (new nouns, verbs, etc. enter the English lexicon every year)  They belong to open classes Determiners, prepositions, conjunctions, auxiliaries and pronouns are grammatical parts of speech because: their numbers are very limited new members are not created easily (it’s unlikely that you will hear a new determiner or preposition in your lifetime)  They belong to closed classes  GRAMMATICAL UNITS GRAMMATICAL UNITS  A clause consists of one or more phrases (it always includes a verb)  A phrase consists of one or more words  A word consists of one or more morphemes In general grammatical units are described in terms of four factors: their structure, their syntactic role, their meaning, and the way they are used in discourse. LGSGSE p13.  SENTENCE: But he was a white man with a pistol so despite his dishevelment he sent a vibration. CLAUSES: [But he was a white man with a pistol] [so despite his dishevelment he sent a vibration]. NPs: But [he] was [[a white man] with [a pistol]] so despite [his dishevelment] [he] sent [a vibration]. PPs: But he was a white man [with a pistol] so [despite his dishevelment] he sent a vibration. VPs: But he [was] a white man with a pistol so despite his dishevelment he [sent] a vibration. WORDS: [But] [he][was] [a] [white] [man] [with] [a] [pistol] [so] [despite] [his] [dishevelment] [he] [sent] [a] [vibration]. MORPHEMES: [But] [he] was = [BE] + -[ED] [a] [white] [man] [with] [a] [pistol] [so] [despite] [his] [dis][shevel][ment] [he] sent [send] + [-ED] [a] [vibrat][ion].  SENTENCE: Along the street men watched from porches and smoked and gripped the railings. CLAUSES: [Along the street men watched from porches] [and smoked] [and gripped the railings]. NPs: Along [the street] [men] watched from [porches] and smoked and gripped [the railings]. PPs: [Along the street] men watched [from porches] and smoked and gripped the railings. VPs: Along the street men [watched] from porches and [smoked] and [gripped] the railings. WORDS: [Along] [the] [street] [men] [watched] [from] [porches] [and] [smoked] [and] [gripped] [the] [railings]. MORPHEMES: [Along] [the] [street] [men] [watch][-ed] [from] [porch][-es] [and] [smok][-ed] [and] [grip(p)][-ed] [the] [rail][- ing][-s]. Words that belong to several parts of speech Activity nº2 Which PoS (part of speech) does each round belong to in the following sentences: 1.He has a round faceADJECTI = 2.It’s just round theVE corner = PREPOSITI 3.The next round will beONcrucial NOUN = VERB 4.The carpenter will round the edges of the table = Same exercise with fast 1.That’s a fast carADJECTI = 2.He accepted the VEdeal too fast = ADVERB 3.I will fast for two days = VERB  Activity 2 That’s not that complicated = ADVERB I think that that ‘that’ that that man used should have been a ‘this’. CONJUNCTION (Je pense I think thatQUE…) = DETERMINER (Je pense que I think that that = NOUN (recategorized in spontaneous speech) (Je pense que CE…) I think that that ‘that’ ce «= that »…) RELATIVE PRONOUN (Je pense que ce I think that that ‘that’ that = » QUE…) « that DETERMINER (Je pense que ce I think that that ‘that’ that that man « that » que CET homme…) used should have been a ‘this’ = = Je pense que ce « that » que cet homme a utilisé aurait dû être un « this ». Activity 3: Open classes and neologisms A chaterama (noun) To chillax (verb) A chillaxer (noun)