Semester 1 Review Questions PDF

# Middle East and Africa ## Question #1 The Arabian Peninsula is best classified as having what kind of climate? - A arid - B subarctic - C tropical - D tundra ## Question #2 Which body of water is located closest to the Arabian Peninsula? - A Atlantic Ocean - B Indus River - C Lake Chad - D Med...

# Middle East and Africa ## Question #1 The Arabian Peninsula is best classified as having what kind of climate? - A arid - B subarctic - C tropical - D tundra ## Question #2 Which body of water is located closest to the Arabian Peninsula? - A Atlantic Ocean - B Indus River - C Lake Chad - D Mediterranean Sea ## Question #3 Which river is located in the Middle East? - A Euphrates River - B Indus River - C Rhine River - D Yangtze River ## Question #4 The Arabian Peninsula is located in which region? - A Central America - B East Asia - C Middle East - D West Africa ## Question #5 Which geographic feature is found in the Middle East? - A Arabian Peninsula - B Himalaya Mountains - C Tibetan Plateau - D Yellow River ## Question #6 Which is considered one of the five pillars of Islam? - A Every member of the religion should make a pilgrimage to Mecca. - B Every member of the religion must not eat beef. - C Every member of the religion must dedicate his or her life to memorizing the Qur'an. - D Every member of the religion must fast during Passover. ## Question #7 Like Judaism and Christianity, Islam is an example of what type of belief system? - A atheism - B monotheism - C non-theism - D polytheism ## Question #8 Why is the Sunnah important to Islam? - A It is a verbal record of the teachings of Muhammad. - B It is a written law based on Islamic teachings. - C It is a written list of the first Muslims. - D It is a peace agreement with Israel. ## Question #9 Which is an important figure in Islam? - A Brahma - B Buddha - C Muhammed - D Zeus ## Question #10 Which book is of great importance to the Islamic religion? - A Bible - B Mahabharata - C Qur'an - D Torah ## Question #11 How did Islam spread to areas of central Asia? - A through trade - B through war and conquest - C through pilgrimage - D through music and art ## Question #12 Before the expansion of international trade into Africa and Asia, how did Islam spread throughout the Middle East? - A economic depression - B military conquests - C missionary work - D political revolution ## Question #13 How did the expansion of Muslim rule impact much of northern Africa? - A Arabic became the primary language in the region. - B Polytheistic ideas became popular in the region. - C Trade in the region decreased. - D Military conflicts in the region decreased. ## Question #14 How did the growth of trade networks in the Middle East and northern Africa impact Islam? - A It isolated the regions from other cultures. - B It forced the regions to ban Islam. - C It spread Islam throughout the regions. - D It decreased the importance of religion throughout the regions. ## Question #15 How did trade through northern Africa impact Islam? - A It decreased the popularity of Islam. - B It introduced polytheism to Islamic teachings. - C It unified all Islamic communities. - D It spread Islam into the region. ## Question #16 How did Muslim scholars impact the study of mathematics? - A Muslim scholars developed algebra. - B Muslim scholars invented geometry. - C Muslim scholars used counting tools. - D Muslim scholars discovered even numbers. ## Question #17 How did early Islamic civilizations contribute to the development of the arts in the Middle East? - A They created marble sculptures. - B They created porcelain dolls. - C They created wooden friezes. - D They created decorative rugs. ## Question #18 What was a major feature of the Golden Age of Muslim culture? - A isolationism from the Arab world - B advancements in math and science - C persecution of the Jews - D persecution of the Christians ## Question #19 What impact did contact with merchants from the Islamic world have on European society in the Middle Ages? - A Arabic numerals replaced Roman numerals. - B Latin replaced Greek as the official language. - C The spinning jenny replaced the spinning wheel. - D Several monarchs changed their religion. ## Question #20 How did the city of Constantinople become a center of Islamic culture? - A Justinian adopted Islam as the official religion of the Roman Empire. - B Islamic tribes from northern Germany were granted citizenship in the Roman Empire. - C Muslims from the Middle East increased trade with the city. - D Mehmed the Conqueror took control of the city and converted its churches into mosques. ## Question #21 Which Muslim leader was responsible for leading the Ottoman Empire during the height of its power during the 16th century? - A Abraham - B Mehmed II the Conqueror - C Muhammad - D Suleiman the Magnificent ## Question #22 Which group conquered Constantinople and renamed it Istanbul in 1453? - A Heian Japan - B Ottoman Empire - C Song Dynasty - D Yuan Dynasty ## Question #23 How did Mehmed II the Conqueror increase the influence of Islam in Europe? - A He decreased trade between Europe and the Middle East. - B He increased the number of Muslim schools in Europe. - C He led the Muslim invasion of Constantinople. - D He prevented European colonization of the Middle East. ## Question #24 What was the lasting contribution of Mehmed II the Conqueror? - A He fought and defeated the army of Julius Caesar. - B He traveled across Asia taking territory and killed millions of civilians. - C He traveled to Egypt, married Cleopatra, and became Pharaoh. - D He took control of Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire. ## Question #25 How did Suleiman the Magnificent impact the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century? - A He introduced Islam to the region. - B He prevented Christians from living within the region. - C He built state schools that taught Christianity. - D He successfully combined state and Islamic laws. # Africa ## Question #26 How was international trade impacted by Islam in the 700s CE? - A Islamic nations blocked all trade into Christian nations. - B Islamic laws prevented certain goods from being traded. - C Islamic laws prevented taxes on all goods traded. - D Islamic nations controlled trade routes that connected Europe, Asia, and Africa. ## Question #27 Trade routes through the Middle East helped connect European and Asian civilizations to civilizations on which other continent? - A Africa - B Australia - C North America - D South America ## Question #28 The growth of trade throughout the Middle East increased the importance of which class of people? - A merchant - B noble - C peasant - D soldier ## Question #29 Trade routes through Southwest Asia increased interactions between civilizations in which two continents? - A Africa and Europe - B Australia and Africa - C Europe and North America - D Europe and South America ## Question #30 How did the expansion of trade routes impact civilizations in the 15th century? - A It isolated Asian civilizations. - B It led to the creation of new religions in Europe. - C It decreased the values of natural resources in Africa and Europe. - D It increased interactions between civilizations in Asia, Africa, and Europe. ## Question #31 Which geographical feature of Africa is most closely associated with the kingdom of Mali? - A Congo rainforest - B Lake Victoria - C Niger River - D Nile River ## Question #32 Why did traders in the forests of Africa use local rivers as their only mode of transportation? - A No bridges or fords crossed the rivers. - B Rivers protected traders from the tsetse fly. - C There were no roads in the forests. - D No kingdom controlled the rivers. ## Question #33 Which is a geographic feature of West Africa? - A isthmus - B savanna - C strait - D tundra ## Question #34 Which city was located in West Africa? - A Beijing - B Djenne - C Hong Kong - D Tokyo ## Question #35 How are Djenne and Timbuktu similar? - A They are both former capitals of the Ottoman Empire. - B They are both historical centers of trade in West Africa - C They are both holy cities according to Jewish traditions. - D They are both located on the Silk Road. ## Question #36 What was one aspect of traditional African religions? - A ancestor worship - B caste system - C daily Bible study - D pilgrimage to Mecca ## Question #37 How were traditional religions in Africa influenced by animism? - A They believed that plants and animals should not be domesticated. - B They believed that there are no holy locations. - C They believed that certain plants, animals, and locations have spirits. - D They believed that eating meat is wrong. ## Question #38 Which term accurately describes traditional African religions that worship nature spirits? - A animism - B atheism - C monotheism - D totemism ## Question #39 What is one major difference between Islam and most indigenous religions of Africa? - A Most indigenous religions were monotheistic. - B Most indigenous religions did not believe in prayer. - C Most indigenous religions required pilgrimage. - D Most indigenous religions did not maintain written practices. ## Question #40 Islam was proclaimed the official religion of the Songhai Empire. How did this influence religious practices in this region? - A Many people mixed traditional African beliefs and customs with Islamic practices. - B Traditional African religious customs were no longer practiced. - C Those who practiced traditional African religious customs were banished. - D Christians revolted to demand a plurality of religious institutions. ## Question #41 How did the kingdoms of Western Africa maintain control over the wealth brought through the salt and gold trades? - A They decreased the costs of gold and salt mining by using slave labor. - B They depended on donations and tributes given to the government by the wealthiest families. - C They taxed all trade that came in and out of the region. - D They conquered all neighboring civilizations to take complete control of the resources. ## Question #42 Why did the West African gold and salt trades depend on various modes of transportation such as camels, boats, and donkeys? - A The governments of West Africa each named different modes of transportation as official. - B The large trade network occupied different climates and geographies that suited different modes of transportation. - C The trade network connected many different cultures that all used the mode of transportation with which they were most comfortable. - D The neighboring kingdoms gave gifts of different inventions and animals in exchange for a portion of the gold and salt trades. ## Question #43 How did the West African kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai gain influence in Asia and Europe? - A They spread Islam into Europe and Asia. - B They spread the bubonic plague into Europe and Asia. - C They controlled the salt and gold trades. - D They controlled the silk and porcelain trades. ## Question #44 Timbuktu was the capital of which ancient civilization? - A Egypt - B Mali - C Rome - D Sumer ## Question #45 How did the African kingdoms of Ghana and Mali increase their wealth? - A by supporting Christian churches - B by creating a feudal system - C by placing taxes on traded goods - D by conquering parts of Europe ## Question #46 The kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai were all located on what continent? - A Africa - B Europe - C North America - D South America ## Question #47 How did the development of age-sets benefit the civilizations of West Africa? - A It decreased the number of people involved in regional trading. - B It improved the status of women throughout society. - C It helped divide important societal roles among different groups. - D It prevented the poor from challenging the wealthy elite. ## Question #48 Which geographic feature had the greatest impact on the civilizations of Mali, Songhai, and Ghana? - A Nile River - B Sahara Desert - C Ural Mountains - D Yellow River ## Question #49 What had the greatest influence on law in the Songhai Empire? - A Christianity - B democratic ideas - C family status - D Islam ## Question #50 How did family units impact the development of cultures in West Africa? - A Many tribes and clans were formed around family groups. - B Most governments were controlled by a council of family elders. - C Trade occurred only within family groups. - D Religious practices were chosen by family leaders. ## Question #51 What do the kingdoms of Ghana, Mali, and Songhai have in common? - A It inspired people to accept the teachings of Daoism as a way to return to a natural state. - B They all developed in the same region of West Africa. - C They all spread Christianity into West Africa. - D They all invaded parts of Europe. ## Question #52 How did the role of family impact traditional African communities? - A Most traditional African cultures were dominated by warring rival families. - B Most traditional African cultures created communities centered around one extended family. - C Most traditional African cultures had low populations because they did not encourage families to have more than one child. - D Most traditional African cultures covered large areas of land because they encouraged families to colonize new lands. ## Question #53 What obstacle did every trader who came into Ghana have to endure? - A a tax on the goods being brought in - B a visit to the court of Tunka Manin - C a search by an army official - D a law to keep a records of sales ## Question #54 Which best explains why the Berbers were willing to trade with Songhai? - A The leaders of Songhai were Muslim. - B Songhai had several Atlantic ports. - C The Berbers desperately needed salt. - D Songhai merchants offered good prices. ## Question #55 What was the main cause of the decline of the Kingdom of Mali? - A a fire that burned many great schools and mosques - B a weak ruler, who was unable to stop an invasion - C the damage to the land caused by overgrazing - D an internal rebellion that weakened the country ## Question #56 Which river aided agriculture and trade for the medieval empire of Mali? - A Indus River - B Niger River - C Nile River - D Yellow River ## Question #57 How did most African civilizations record their histories? - A through art - B through oral storytelling - C through written books - D through music ## Question #58 Why were the roles of the griot and storytellers important to African civilizations? - A They established democratic traditions. - B They increased trade throughout the region - C They preserved African history and culture. - D They spread Islam into the region. ## Question #59 The role of a griot in African culture is most similar to which other role? - A doctor - B police - C priest - D storyteller ## Question #60 Why is Mansa Musa important to the history of West Africa? - A He brought Islam to the region. - B He brought democracy to the region. - C He increased the value of salt. - D He bred camels for desert travel. ## Question #61 Which historical figure is most closely associated with the spread of Islam in West Africa? - A Abraham - B Mansa Musa - C Mehmed II the Conqueror - D Suleiman the Magnificent # Europe ## Question #62 Which geographic feature makes up part of the border between Europe and Asia? - A Balkan Peninsula - B Mediterranean Sea - C Rhine River - D Ural Mountains ## Question #63 Which geographic feature is located in Europe? - A Arabian Sea - B Euphrates River - C Himalayan Mountains - D Mediterranean Sea ## Question #64 Which nation is located in the North European Plain? - A Germany - B Italy - C Portugal - D Spain ## Question #65 Why does Great Britain have a mild climate despite being located near the Arctic Circle? - A The Ural Mountains protect Great Britain from Arctic cold fronts - B The Rhine River limits the changes in weather in the region. - C The North Atlantic Drift surrounds Great Britain with warm water currents. - D The Mediterranean Sea regulates the regional temperature ## Question #66 What was the original purpose of monasteries in the Middle Ages? - A to gain wealth through investment and tuition costs - B to destroy the feudal system through politics - C to provide homes for people who dedicated their lives to studying Christianity - D to raise troops needed to continue the Crusades ## Question #67 Why did the Catholic Church encourage people to live in monasteries? - A to prevent people from joining the royal militaries - B to influence people to become Christians - C to weaken the European monarchs - D to promote the fields of science and philosophy ## Question #68 Which institution directly replaced the Roman Empire as the main source of cultural stability? - A Catholic Church - B democratic governments - C Protestant churches - D capitalist economies ## Question #69 How did the role of the Catholic Church change during the Middle Ages? - A It helped establish democratic governments. - B It stopped trying to spread Christianity - C It began adapting Islamic ideas into Christianity. - D It became an important center for education and learning. ## Question #70 How did the rule of Charlemagne impact Western Europe? - A It led to the fall of the Roman Empire in Western Europe. - B It divided much of Western Europe and weakened the role of the Catholic Church. - C It weakened the economy of Western Europe. - D It united much of Western Europe and increased the influence of the Catholic Church. ## Question #71 Which historical figure is responsible for making Christianity the main religion of Europe? - A Brahma - B Buddha - C Charlemagne - D Confucius ## Question #72 How did local feudalism lead to the development of nation-states in Europe? - A Peasants gained wealth through the feudal system and strengthened ties to their government - B Trade increased throughout the feudal system and reconnected European peoples. - C Religious influence decreased as peasants relied on their lords. - D Powerful lords and kings gained military power and centralized their rule. ## Question #73 How did the conditions in Europe after the fall of the Carolingian Empire lead to feudalism? - A The spread of Islam into Eastern Europe created a period of scientific advances. - B Tribal wars and invasions destroyed political organization. - C Increased wealth and trade led to the rise of the middle class. - D New farming techniques made it easier to grow crops in northern Europe. ## Question #74 Why did many peasants willingly accept the manor system in Europe? - A They were given a chance to become lords eventually. - B They were allowed to live within the walls of the nearest castle. - C They were given free education by the local church. - D They were allowed to live on and farm land owned by nobles. ## Question #75 William the Conqueror is best known for bringing what change to English culture in the 11th century? - A feudalism - B industrialism - C Judaism - D Protestantism ## Question #76 What is the historical significance of the Battle of Hastings? - A It was the final battle of the Reconquista. - B It was the final battle of the Crusades. - C It started the Norman conquest of Great Britain. - D It started the Counter Reformation in England. ## Question #77 How did William the Conqueror impact English society? - A He brought feudalism into England. - B He isolated England from continental Europe. - C He removed England from the Catholic Church. - D He brought new diseases into England. ## Question #78 How did William the Conqueror come to power in England during the 11th century? - A The Byzantine Empire protected England from foreign invasions. - B Norman forces won the Battle of Hastings. - C The Roman Empire collapsed. - D International trade increased the wealth of English merchants. # Asia ## Question #79 Which term describes the geography of Japan? - A archipelago - B isthmus - C peninsula - D tundra ## Question #80 Which geographical feature created a natural boundary for Ancient Chinese civilizations? - A Arctic Ocean - B Himalaya Mountains - C Mediterranean Sea - D Nile River ## Question #81 The Yangtze River is located on which continent? - A Asia - B Europe - C North America - D South America ## Question #82 Which geographical feature is located in East Asia? - A Amazon River - B Euphrates River - C Nile River - D Yellow River ## Question #83 How are the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers similar? - A They both flow into the Atlantic Ocean. - B They are both located in Africa. - C They both flow into the Mediterranean Sea. - D They are both located in Asia. ## Question #84 The spread of Buddhism into China is most closely related to what situation? - A increased trade throughout the region - B natural disasters throughout the region - C the influence of European invaders - D the immigration of African laborers ## Question #85 Which dynasty reunited China after the fall of the Han Dynasty? - A Buddhist Dynasty - B Khan Dynasty - C Korean Dynasty - D Tang Dynasty ## Question #86 How did the social and political chaos near the end of the Han Dynasty impact religion in China? - A It inspired people to accept the teachings of Daoism as a way to return to a natural state. - B It inspired people to study Christianity in search of the afterlife. - C It inspired people to implement the caste system created by Hinduism. - D It inspired people to become interested in Buddhism as an answer to their suffering. ## Question #87 What situation contributed to the economic growth and development of Ancient China? - A Frequent wars with other nations that brought new leaders to China. - B The strong Chinese military conquered other cultures and brought back new ideas. - C A lack of strong religious beliefs led to a greater emphasis on science. - D Periods of political stability allowed for growth of trade and agriculture. ## Question #88 How did Confucianism impact Chinese society? - A It inspired young people to take positions of power. - B It created a rigid caste system. - C It placed great importance on the relationships within families. - D It encouraged social change and revolution. ## Question #89 Which invention was first created in China? - A bread - B gunpowder - C wheel - D written language ## Question #90 How did the increase in agricultural production during the Song Dynasty impact China's economy? - A It decreased the value of land in China. - B It helped create a market economy in China. - C It increased unemployment in China. - D It decreased the trade of foreign goods in China. ## Question #91 How did agricultural advances like the development of new strains of rice during the Song dynasty help the Chinese civilization gain power? - A China became famous for its unique food and drink. - B Famine was avoided, and the population grew. - C Rival militaries invaded, and the rice trade was ended. - D Many more people could spread Chinese culture. ## Question #92 How did the Mongol rule of the Yuan Dynasty have a positive impact on China? - A It ended trade along the Silk Road. - B It created an economic depression. - C It led to the creation of large public works projects. - D It led to the adoption of Christianity as the official religion. ## Question #93 How did Kublai Khan maintain control of the Yuan Dynasty during the late 1200s? - A He hired European leaders and philosophers to help create a democratic government led by a Yuan president. - B He maintained several traditional Chinese customs and created a strict social structure based on class. - C He conquered parts of southern Asia and created an alliance with India. - D He allowed Japanese traders to create ports throughout Asia. ## Question #94 Why is Kublai Khan historically significant? - A He was the first foreign ruler to conquer a Chinese dynasty. - B He was the first Chinese ruler to close the Silk Road. - C He was the first Chinese ruler to practice Buddhism. - D He was the first foreign ruler to study Chinese culture. ## Question #95 Why did the Chinese build the first parts of the Great Wall? - A to prevent traders from entering their lands - B to protect from tsunamis - C to honor the Buddhist gods - D to protect their lands from Mongol invaders ## Question #96 Which historical leader is most closely associated with the Mongol Empire? - A Shah Abbas - B Genghis Khan - C Mansa Musa - D Marco Polo ## Question #97 What development had the greatest impact on the exchange of culture and ideas between China and other parts of the world? - A the invention of the seismograph - B the construction of the Great Wall of China - C the development of trade along the Silk Road - D the spread of Confucianism ## Question #98 Which European explorer is best known for his exploration of China and the reopening of the Silk Road? - A Christopher Columbus - B Ferdinand Magellan - C Marco Polo - D Hernando de Soto ## Question #99 The Silk Road existed in which continent? - A Antarctica - B Asia - C Australia - D North America ## Question #100 Which historical figure is responsible for exploring much of the Indian Ocean and creating trade routes for China? - A Buddha - B Confucius - C Mansa Musa - D Zheng He ## Question #101 What two religions had the greatest impact on Japanese culture? - A Buddhism and Shintoism - B Christianity and Judaism - C Buddhism and Judaism - D Christianity and Shintoism ## Question #102 Which religion began in Japan? - A Buddhism - B Christianity - C Hinduism - D Shinto ## Question #103 What effect has geography had on the island of Japan? - A The seas have isolated Japan and protected it from invasion. - B Japan has been invaded by many countries during its history. - C Famine was common in Japan due to the limited area available for farming. - D Water is scarce on the islands of Japan making it hard to grow crops. ## Question #104 What is one way in which China influenced the development of culture in Japan? - A The Japanese religion of Shintoism has roots in Chinese Confucianism. - B The Japanese system of democracy was inspired by Chinese dynasties. - C The Japanese writing system is based on the Chinese writing system. - D The Japanese feudal system was first invented in China. ## Question #105 The growth of art, poetry, and literature in Japan was most closely associated with what time period? - A Heian Period - B Nara Period - C Shang Dynasty - D Zhou Dynasty ## Question #106 In what way were European and Japanese civilizations similar during the medieval period? - A Both used feudal systems to organize society. - B Both produced large amounts of silk. - C Both depended on the Catholic Church. - D Both underwent eras of prosperity. ## Question #107 What was the role of the samurai in the Japanese feudal system? - A to act as a national military to defend against foreigners - B to protect the lands of the daimyo - C to build farms and harvest crops - D to select political leaders from the community ## Question #108 How did the daimyo gain power in Japan? - A They rented land from the samurai. - B They farmed the land owned by the shogun. - C They used the samurai as a military to protect their abilities to govern lands. - D They elected one daimyo to become the shogun that led the government. ## Question #109 How was the Byzantine Empire related to the Roman Empire? - A The Byzantine Empire provided many cultural ideas that the Roman Empire copied. - B The Byzantine Empire rose out of the eastern Roman Empire. - C The Byzantine Empire invaded and destroyed the Roman Empire. - D The Byzantine Empire prevented the Roman Empire from trading with the Middle East. ## Question #110 Which city was the capital of the Byzantine Empire? - A Athens - B Constantinople - C Rome - D Sparta ## Question #111 How did the Byzantine Empire have a lasting influence on European culture? - A It preserved Greek and Roman cultures during the Middle Ages. - B It ended the growing conflict between Europe and the Middle East - C It unified the languages of Europe into one common dialect. - D It supported the Germanic invaders that destroyed the Roman Empire. ## Question #112 How did the collapse of the Roman Empire impact the Catholic Church? - A The Catholic Church lost power as the population of the region increased. - B The Catholic Church was destroyed. - C The Catholic Church was forced to leave the continent. - D The Catholic Church gained power as it filled the social structures left behind. ## Question #113 How did the Byzantine Empire impact Eastern Europe? - A It spread Buddhism. - B It decreased trade. - C It decreased cultural diffusion. - D It spread Christianity. ## Question #114 The Justinian Code is most closely related to what ancient civilization? - A Byzantine Empire - B Egypt - C Gupta Empire - D Mesopotamia ## Question #115 Why did Justinian create the Justinian Code? - A to develop a written set of laws in the Byzantine Empire - B to ensure peace with the Germanic kingdoms - C to expand the powers of the Catholic Church - D to establish a trade relationship with Egypt ## Question #116 How did the rule of Justinian impact the Byzantine Empire? - A The Byzantine Empire regained many of the lands around the Mediterranean Sea. - B The Byzantine Empire adopted Islam as its official religion. - C The Byzantine Empire stopped trading along the Silk Road. - D The Byzantine Empire spread into India and China. ## Question #117 What is the historical significance of the Byzantine Empire? - A It protected the culture of Ancient Greece and Rome. - B It brought Islam into Europe. - C It stopped the Mongol invasion of Europe. - D It began trade with West Africa. ## Question #118 Which city protected Greek and Roman cultures after the collapse of the Roman Empire? - A Athens - B Constantinople - C London - D Sparta ## Question #119 How did the geographic location of Constantinople help protect traditional European culture? - A It was located in the center of a large desert. - B It was located near several canyons. - C It was protected from Germanic invasions. - D It was isolated from trade with Asia. ## Question #120 How did the geography of Constantinople impact the city? - A It was located in a desert and difficult to defend. - B It was far from most trade routes, weakening the city's economy. - C It was near several religious centers, causing the city not to have an official religion. - D It was surrounded by water and easy to defend.