AP Stats Semester 1 Exam Focal Topics Study Guide PDF

AP Stats - Semester 1 Exam Focal Topics Unit 1 Notes – One Variable Data CED 1.5 Represen ng a Quan ta ve Variable with Graphs  Understand how to read a stem and leaf plot  Be able to describe the distribu on of a stem and leaf plot  Be able to compare the mean, median and mode...

AP Stats - Semester 1 Exam Focal Topics Unit 1 Notes – One Variable Data CED 1.5 Represen ng a Quan ta ve Variable with Graphs  Understand how to read a stem and leaf plot  Be able to describe the distribu on of a stem and leaf plot  Be able to compare the mean, median and mode on a stem and leaf plot CED 1.7 Summary Sta s cs for a Quan ta ve Variable CED 1.8 Using the 5-Number Summary to Make a Box Plot  Given summary sta s cs for two groups, be able to compare the two groups  Know how adding a value to the data will affect the current mean and standard devia on (Will mean increase or decrease? Will Standard devia on increase or decrease?)  Given a histogram, be able to iden fy which interval or intervals contain the first quar le.  Given a dot plot and summary sta s cs, be able to find the box plot that shows the same data. CED 1.9 Comparing Distribu ons of a Quan ta ve Variable  Given summary sta s cs for two groups, compare the distribu ons (variability/spread/standard devia on, IQR, range) CED 1.10 The Normal Distribu on  Given the mean of a normal distribu on and given a data value that is at a given percen le, be able to find the standard devia on. (**Remember, if you are given the percen le, you need to use inverse normal devia on invNorm to find your z-score first!!!) Unit 2 Notes – Two Variable Data CED 2.1 – 2.2 Represen ng Two Categorical Variables  Find an approximate percentage given a segmented bar graph. CED 2.7 Residuals  How do we determine a good fit vs. a bad fit when looking at a residual plot? CED 2.5 Correla on CED 2.8 Least Squares Regression  Given a sca erplot, the correla on value “r” and the least squares regression line displayed on the sca erplot, determine what effect an added point would have on the correla on. The LSRL contains the MEAN (pg. 27 in notes packet). See low-leverage points (close to mean) and high- leverage points (far above the mean). Adding/removing high leverage points shi s the LSRL substan ally. Adding/removing low leverage points does not change the LSRL much. Unit 3 Notes – Collec ng Data CED 3.2 Intro to Planning a Study  Be able to determine whether a study is observa onal or experimental o Observa onal – no treatments on subjects/individuals; causal rela onships cannot be determined; we can generalize from samples that are randomly selected or otherwise representa ve of the popula on o Experiments – different condi ons (treatments) are imposed upon subjects; if well designed, can determine causal rela onships CED 3.3 Randomly Sampling and Data Collec on  Know what the following types of samples are and when each would be appropriate to use: o Simple random sample o Stra fied sample o Cluster sample o Mul stage sample o Convenience sample  Know how to use a table of random digits (without replacement) to randomly select a sample o Example: A biologist wants to measure the amount of li er present in a random sample of 7 sites along the river, selected without replacement from a total of 58 sites on the river. She labels the sites 01, 02, … 58. She starts at the beginning of the line of random digits below and selects two digits at a me. Which of the following contains the correct site numbers that will be a part of her sample? 23328 99330 01231 42492 73831 02911 01524 32932 34334 74280 29357 29301 CED 3.4 Poten al Problems with Sampling  Know the types of poten al bias CED 3.5 Introduc on to Experimental Design  Know what a well-designed experiment should include Unit 4 Notes - Probability  Know how to create a Venn Diagram given A (total), B (total), A and B (overlap). From that, be able to complete the remainder of the Venn Diagram to answer ques ons.  Know that a probability distribu on must total 1 (for 100%). Be able to find missing values in a probability distribu on so that the total = 1 CED 4.5 Condi onal Probabili es  Given a two-way table, be able to look at the data and determine a condi onal probability (Example, Find P(Rich|Fly) The condi on is that they fly. CED 4.9 Combining Random Variables  Finding the mean of a sum; Given data and the mean and standard devia on for two random variables, know that to find the mean of a sum (T = G + H), you simply add the means given for the two random variables. This is the expected value. CED 4.10 Intro to the Binomial Distribu on  Know what is required for something to be modeled with a binomial random variable. o A binomial se ng involves REPEATED trials of the same RANDOM process, where these condi ons are met: 1. Two possible outcomes – success or failure 2. Independent trials 3. A fixed number of trials 4. Each trial has the same probability of success Other key points: What is the shape of the distribu ons if mean > median, mean < median, mean=median? What is a quan ta ve variable? What is a categorical variable? What measure of spread should we use for a symmetric distribu on? When looking at a residual plot to determine if a model is a good fit, what should we see or not see in our residual plot? Know the defini on of a response variable and be able to iden fy it. Free Response Ques ons FRQ 1 CED 3.5 Given a scenario, describe a completely randomized design for the experiment. Next, describe a randomized block design for this experiment. Then explain why the block design might be preferred over the completely randomized design. FRQ 2 Given a two-way table of data and a probability statement in set nota on, prove or disprove the statement. You will have to prove or disprove the statement by showing work.