AP Stats Chapter 5 MC Practice PDF

Mrs. Daniel- AP Stats Name: ________________________________ Chapter 5 MC Practice 1. You read in a book about bridge that the probability that each of the four players is dealt exactly one ace is about 0.11. This means that (a) in every 100 bridge deals, each...

Mrs. Daniel- AP Stats Name: ________________________________ Chapter 5 MC Practice 1. You read in a book about bridge that the probability that each of the four players is dealt exactly one ace is about 0.11. This means that (a) in every 100 bridge deals, each player has one ace exactly 11 times. (b) in one million bridge deals, the number of deals on which each player has one ace will be exactly 110,000. (c) in a very large number of bridge deals, the percent of deals on which each player has one ace will be very close to 11%. (d) in a very large number of bridge deals, the average number of aces in a hand will be very close to 0.11. (e) None of these 2. If I toss a fair coin five times and the outcomes are TTTTT, then the probability that tails appears on the next toss is (a) 0.5. (b) less than 0.5. (c) greater than 0.5. (d) 0. (e) 1. Exercises 3 to 5 refer to the following setting. A basketball player makes 47% of her shots from the field during the season. 3. To simulate whether a shot hits or misses, you would assign random digits as follows: (a) One digit simulates one shot; 4 and 7 are a hit; other digits are a miss. (b) One digit simulates one shot; odd digits are a hit and even digits are a miss. (c) Two digits simulate one shot; 00 to 47 are a hit and 48 to 99 are a miss. (d) Two digits simulate one shot; 00 to 46 are a hit and 47 to 99 are a miss. (e) Two digits simulate one shot; 00 to 45 are a hit and 46 to 99 are a miss. 4.Use the correct choice from the previous question and these random digits to simulate 10 shots: 82734 71490 20467 47511 81676 55300 94383 14893 How many of these 10 shots are hits? (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5 (e) 6 5. You want to estimate the probability that the player makes 5 or more of 10 shots. You simulate 10 shots 25 times and get the following numbers of hits: 5 7 5 4 1 5 3 4 3 4 5 3 4 4 6 3 4 1 7 4 5 5 6 5 7 What is your estimate of the probability? (a) 5/25, or 0.20 (b) 11/25, or 0.44 (c) 12/25, or 0.48 (d) 16/25, or 0.64 (e) 19/25, or 0.76 6. Ten percent of U.S. households contain 5 or more people. You want to simulate choosing a household at random and recording whether or not it contains 5 or more people. Which of these are correct assignments of digits for this simulation? (a) Odd = Yes (5 or more people); Even = No (not 5 or more people) (b) 0 = Yes; 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 = No (c) 5 = Yes; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 = No (d) All three are correct. (e) Choices (b) and (c) are correct, but (a) is not. 7. In government data, a household consists of all occupants of a dwelling unit. Choose an American household at random and count the number of people it contains. Here is the assignment of probabilities for your outcome: The probability of finding 3 people in a household is the same as the probability of finding 4 people. These probabilities are marked ??? in the table of the distribution. The probability that a household contains 3 people must be (a) 0.68. (b) 0.32. (c) 0.16. (d) 0.08. (e) between 0 and 1, and we can say no more. 8. In a table of random digits such as Table D, each digit is equally likely to be any of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9. What is the probability that a digit in the table is 7 or greater? (a) 7/10 (b) 6/10 (c) 4/10 (d) 3/10 (e) 1/10 9. Twenty of a sample of 275 students say they are vegetarians. Of the vegetarians, 9 eat both fish and eggs, 3 eat eggs but not fish, and 8 eat neither. Choose one of the vegetarians at random. What is the probability that the chosen student eats neither fish nor eggs? (a) 8/275 = 0.03 (b) 20/275 = 0.07 (c) 8/20 = 0.4 (d) 0.5 (e) 1 10.The casino game craps is based on rolling two dice. Here is the assignment of probabilities to the sum of the numbers on the up-faces when two dice are rolled: The most common bet in craps is the “pass line.” A pass line bettor wins immediately if either a 7 or an 11 comes up on the first roll. This is called a natural. What is the probability of a natural? (a) 2/36 (b) 6/36 (c) 8/36 (d) 12/36 (e) 20/36 11. An athlete suspected of using steroids is given two tests that operate independently of each other. Test A has probability 0.9 of being positive if steroids have been used. Test B has probability 0.8 of being positive if steroids have been used. What is the probability that neither test is positive if steroids have been used? (a) 0.72 (b) 0.38 (c) 0.02 (d) 0.28 (e) 0.08 12. SKIP 13. Suppose a loaded die has the following probability model: If this die is thrown and the top face shows an odd number, what is the probability that the die shows a 1? (a) 0.1 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.5 (d) 0.6 (e) None of these 14. Dr. Stats plans to toss a fair coin 10,000 times in the hope that it will lead him to a deeper understanding of the laws of probability. Which of the following statements is true? (a) It is unlikely that Dr. Stats will get more than 5000 heads. (b) Whenever Dr. Stats gets a string of 15 tails in a row, it becomes more likely that the next toss will be a head. (c) The fraction of tosses resulting in heads should be close to 1/2. (d) The chance that the 100th toss will be a head depends somewhat on the results of the first 99 tosses. (e) All of the above statements are true. 15. China has 1.2 billion people. Marketers want to know which international brands they have heard of. A large study showed that 62% of all Chinese adults have heard of Coca-Cola. You want to simulate choosing a Chinese at random and asking if he or she has heard of Coca-Cola. One correct way to assign random digits to simulate the answer is: (a) One digit simulates one person’s answer; odd means “Yes” and even means “No.” (b) One digit simulates one person’s answer; 0 to 6 mean “Yes” and 7 to 9 mean “No.” (c) One digit simulates the result; 0 to 9 tells how many in the sample said “Yes.” (d) Two digits simulate one person’s answer; 00 to 61 mean “Yes” and 62 to 99 mean “No.” (e) Two digits simulate one person’s answer; 00 to 62 mean “Yes” and 63 to 99 mean “No.” 16. Choose an American household at random and record the number of vehicles they own. Here is the probability model if we ignore the few households that own more than 5 cars: A housing company builds houses with two-car garages. What percent of households have more cars than the garage can hold? (a) 7% (b) 13% (c) 20% (d) 45% (e) 55% 17. Computer voice recognition software is getting better. Some companies claim that their software correctly recognizes 98% of all words spoken by a trained user. To simulate recognizing a single word when the probability of being correct is 0.98, let two digits simulate one word; 00 to 97 mean “correct.” The program recognizes words (or not) independently. To simulate the program’s performance on 10 words, use these random digits: 60970 70024 17868 29843 61790 90656 87964 18883 The number of words recognized correctly out of the 10 is (a) 10 (b) 9 (c) 8 (d) 7 (e) 6 Questions 18 to 20 refer to the following setting. One thousand students at a city high school were classified according to both GPA and whether or not they consistently skipped classes. The two-way table below summarizes the data. 18. What is the probability that a student has a GPA under 2.0? (a) 0.227 (b) 0.255 (c) 0.450 (d) 0.475 (e) 0.506 19. What is the probability that a student has a GPA under 2.0 or has skipped many classes? (a) 0.080 (b) 0.281 (c) 0.285 (d) 0.365 (e) 0.727 20. What is the probability that a student has a GPA under 2.0 given that he or she has skipped many classes? (a) 0.080 (b) 0.28 (c) 0.285 (d) 0.314 (e) 0.727 21. For events a and B related to the same chance process, which of the following statements is true? (a) If a and B are mutually exclusive, then they must be independent. (b) If a and B are independent, then they must be mutually exclusive. (c) If a and B are not mutually exclusive, then they must be independent. (d) If a and B are not independent, then they must be mutually exclusive. (e) If a and B are independent, then they cannot be mutually exclusive. 22. Choose an American adult at random. The probability that you choose a woman is 0.52. The probability that the person you choose has never married is 0.25. The probability that you choose a woman who has never married is 0.11. The probability that the person you choose is either a woman or has never been married (or both) is therefore about (a) 0.77. (b) 0.66. (c) 0.44. (d) 0.38. (e) 0.13. 23. A deck of playing cards has 52 cards, of which 12 are face cards. If you shuffle the deck well and turn over the top 3 cards, one after the other, what’s the probability that all 3 are face cards? (a) 0.001 (b) 0.005 (c) 0.010 (d) 0.012 (e) 0.02