Fascia & Bones I Lecture Notes PDF

Faculty of Nursing BMS 114 Fascia and Bones I By Dr. Sherif Fahmy gu.edu.eg Fascia Dr. Sherif Fahmy By the end of this lecture, you will be able to: Define fascia. Identify the different types of fa...

Faculty of Nursing BMS 114 Fascia and Bones I By Dr. Sherif Fahmy gu.edu.eg Fascia Dr. Sherif Fahmy By the end of this lecture, you will be able to: Define fascia. Identify the different types of fascia. Describe the distribution and functions of fascia in the body. Understand the functions of bones. Know the names and distribution of different bones in the body. 3  FASCIA It is the connective tissue that is present deep to skin. It covers the body deep to skin. It is divided into: - Superficial fascia. - Deep fascia. - Internal fascia. A- Superficial Fascia Features of superficial fascia: It is formed of Loose connective tissue (‫)النسيج الضام‬. It lies deep to skin, rich with fat. It is more in gluteal region, anterior abdominal wall and breast. It is less in limbs. It is absent in eyelid and male external genitalia. Dr. Sherif Fahmy Functions of superficial fascia: 1- Acts as thermal insulator (‫ )عازل للحرارة‬to keep constant body temperature. 2- Acts as soft pads (‫ )ألواح طرية‬that protects the body against trauma. 3- Acts as fat and energy store. Dr. Sherif Fahmy B- Deep Fascia  Skin Superficial fascia Deep fascia Sheath around blood vessels Dr. Sherif Fahmy Structure & Site of deep fascia: It is a dense membrane of fibers. It is deep to superficial fascia , around muscles, glands and vessels. It is thicker in limbs. It is absent in face and anterior abdominal wall. Dr. Sherif Fahmy Parts & Functions of deep fascia: 1- Formation of cover around muscles to keep shape and between muscles for protection. 2- Formation of sheaths around big blood vessels for protection. 3- Formation of sheaths around glands for protection. 4- Protection of vessels and nerves in the palm and sole. Dr. Sherif Fahmy  Broad sheet around muscles Intermuscular septum Interosseous membrane Sheath around blood vessels Dr. Sherif Fahmy  C- Internal Fascia It is C.T. that lines body cavity and extends between organs. Functions: 1- Forms strong covering and ligaments around organs. Dr. Sherif Fahmy  BONES Hard Type of Connective Tissue Dr. Sherif Fahmy  Functions of Skeleton (Bones) 1- Gives shape of the body. 2- Transmission of body weight. 3- Protection of vital organs (skull protects brain). 4- Forms joints. 5- Give muscle attachment. 6- Stores for calcium. 7- Stores for phosphorus. 8- Contains bone marrow. Dr. Sherif Fahmy  Classification of Bones 1- According to site 2- According to shape. Dr. Sherif Fahmy  1- According to Site of Bone Skeleton is classified into: 1- Appendicular skeleton. 2-Axial skeleton. Dr. Sherif Fahmy  Axial skeleton Endoskeleton Appendicular skeleton Dr. Sherif Fahmy Axial Skeleton Skull Dr. Sherif Fahmy Vertebral column is composed of the following vertebrae: ▪ 7 cervical vertebrae. ▪ 12 thoracic vertebrae. ▪ 5 lumber vertebrae. ▪ Sacrum that is composed of 5 fused sacral vertebrae. ▪ Coccyx that is composed of 3 fused vertebrae. Ribs Sternum (Median bone in the anterior chest wall) Appendicular Skeleton Skeleton of Upper Limb  Clavicle Shoulder girdle Scapula Humerus Proximal segment Humerus (Arm) Radius Intermediate Radius segment Ulna (Forearm) Ulna Hand Distal segment Hand (Hand) Scapula Clavicle  Clavicle (anterior Scapula (posterior bone of shoulder bone of shoulder girdle) girdle Humerus (Bone of the arm) Bones of the Forearm Radius Ulna (Lateral bone of (Medial bone of forearm) forearm)  Radius (Lateral bone of the forearm)  Ulna (medial bone of the forearm) Skeleton of the Hand Phalanges Metacarpal bones Carpal bones Skeleton of the Lower Limb  Pelvic girdle Hip bone Proximal segment Femur (Thigh) Tibia Intermediate segment Fibula Distal segment Foot Hip bone (bone of pelvic girdle)  Femur (Bone of the Thigh) Fibula (Lateral bone Tibia of the leg) (Medial bone of the leg) Skeleton of Foot Phalanges Metatarsal bones Tarsal bones Self Assessment 39 1- Name the tissue that has thermal insulator function. a) Bones. b) Deep fascia. c) Superficial fascia. d) Muscles. Issue 1/ 2018 40 2- What is the part of the body that has no deep fascia? a) Face. b) Anterior chest wall. c) Lower limb. d) Neck. Issue 1/ 2018 41 3- One of the following tissues is rich with fat. a) Superficial fascia. b) Bones. c) Deep fascia. d) Muscles. Issue 1/ 2018 42 4- Which one of the following tissues forms a sheath around blood vessels? a) Bones. b) Deep fascia. c) Superficial fascia. d) Muscles. Issue 1/ 2018 43 5- Which one of the followings belong to appendicular skeleton? a) Skull. b) Scapula. c) Vertebra. d) Sternum. Issue 1/ 2018 44 6- How many cervical vertebrae in human body? a) 7 vertebrae. b) 12 vertebrae. c) 5 vertebrae. d) 3 vertebrae. Issue 1/ 2018 45 7- Protection of vital organs is the function of one of the followings. a) Muscles. b) Deep fascia. c) Superficial fascia. d) Bones. Issue 1/ 2018 46 Dr. Sherif Fahmy