Anatomy of Foot PDF

Anatomy of Foot ProfMTPhD Cutaneous Innervation Foot Bones (review)  Surface Anatomy Dorsum of the foot Plantar surface of the foot Ball of foot...

Anatomy of Foot ProfMTPhD Cutaneous Innervation Foot Bones (review)  Surface Anatomy Dorsum of the foot Plantar surface of the foot Ball of foot Heel  Skin & Superficial Fascia of the Foot Skin is thin on the dorsum; there is hair; sf fascia is thin having little fat Thicker on the plantar surface, having sweat glds and thick fat as shock absorber especially around heel. It bounds underlying structures firmly by fibrous conn tissue-for weight bearing & protection of underlying structures  Deep Fascia of the Foot Flexor retinaculum Extensor retinaculum On the plantar side, thick deep fascia> Plantar Fascia (+Aponeurosis): It supports longitudinal arches and divides sole of the foot into 3 main compartments as med, lat, and central Extensor Retinaculum Two parts Superior: Above the tibiotalar joint Inferior: Y shaped anterior to the tibiotalar joint  Flexor Retinaculum Stretches between the medial malleolus and calcaneus; behind it is the Tarsal Tunnel Tarsal Tunnel From anterior to posterior: -Tendon of tibialis post -Tendon of flexor digitorum longus -Posterior tibial vessels -Tibial nerve -Tendon of flexor hallucis longus  Tarsal tunnel syndrome Compression of tibial nerve in the tunnel  Muscles of the Foot Dorsal side Plantar side (4 Layers) Extensor Digitorum Brevis Abductor hallucis Extensor Hallucis Brevis Flexor digitorum brevis Abductor digiti minimi Quadratus plantae Lumbricals Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi Plantar and dorsal interossei Re mi nd er ab o ut mo vem en ts o f fo ot! vMuscles on the Dorsal Side Extensor digitorum brevis Extensor hallucis brevis (dorsal calcaneus to middle phalanges) Extension (dorsiflexion) of the toes and hallux Deep peroneal n  v Muscles on the Plantar Side 1st Layer Abductor Hallucis Medial side of medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus Medial side of proximal phalanx of the big toe Abduction and flexion of the big toe Medial plantar n Helps to maintain the foot arches like a spring  1st Layer Flexor Digitorum Brevis Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus Both sides of middle phalanges of lat. four digits Flexion of lateral four digits Medial plantar n 1st Layer Abductor digiti minimi Lateral tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus Lateral side of proximal phalanx of 5th digit Abduction and flexion of 5th digit Lateral plantar n  2nd Layer Quadratus Plantae Calcaneus Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus Flexion of lateral 4 digits Lateral plantar n  2nd Layer Lumbricals Medial sides of tendons of flexor digitorum longus Medial aspect of extensor expansions Flex proximal phalanx, extend middle and distal phalanges Medial 1: Medial Plantar n Lateral 3: Lateral plantar n  3rd Layer Flexor Hallucis Brevis Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms Proximal phalanx of hallux Flexion of proximal phalanx of hallux Medial plantar n  3rd Layer Adductor Hallucis Transverse: Plantar ligaments Oblique: Bases of metatarsals Lateral side of proximal phalanx Adducts first digit Lateral plantar n  3rd Layer Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Base of the 5th metatarsal Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit Flexion of 5th digit Lateral plantar n  4th Layer Plantar Interossei Base and medial sides of metatarsals 3, 4, 5 Medial sides of bases of proximal phalanges of 3, 4, 5 pADD digits 3, 4, 5 Lateral plantar n  4th Layer Dorsal Interossei Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5 1st: medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd digit. 2-4: lateral sides of proximal phalanges of 2-4 dABD digits 2, 3, 4 Lateral plantar n Nerves of the Foot Postero-inf to the medial malleolus: vTibial n v Lat plantar n v Med plantar n  Medial Plantar Nerve Runs between abductor hallucis and flexor digitorum brevis Sensory branches to the med 3 and 1/2 of the 4th digits Motor branches to Abductor hallucis Flexor digitorum brevis Flexor hallucis brevis Medial lumbrical (2nd digit)  Lateral Plantar Nerve Runs between 1st and 2nd layers Superficial and deep branches Sensory branches to 5th & 1/2 of 4th digits Motor branches to Abductor digiti minimi Quadratus plantae 3., 4., 5. lumbricals Adductor hallucis Flexor digiti minimi brevis Interossei  Arteries of the Foot Main arteries : Dorsalis pedis (ant tibial) Plantar arteries (post tibial)  Dorsal Arteries Dorsalis pedis a Runs between the ext. hallucis longus and ext. digitorum longus In the 1st intermetatarsal space: v Deep plantar a v 1st dorsal metatarsal a v Arcuate a (laterally) v Dorsal metatarsal aa v Dorsal digital aa v Perforating aa  Plantar Arteries Posterior tibial a v medial plantar v lateral plantar (underneath the abductor hallucis) Medial Plantar Artery Runs distally between abd. hallucis and flex. digitorum brevis vSuperficial branch (contributes to 1, 2, 3 plantar metatarsal arteries) vPlantar digital aa of hallux vJoins the deep plantar arch Lateral Plantar Artery Forms the deep plantar arch with the deep plantar artery from the dorsalis pedis and the terminal part of med plantar a v Plantar metatarsal aa v Plantar digital aa v Perforating aa Arteries and Nerves of the Sole of the Foot  Superficial Veins of the foot Dorsal venous arch of the foot converge laterally and medially to form the small&great saphenous vv W rap pin gt ran sv er se se cti on up at t he ret ina cu lae  Lymphatics of the foot Lateral side: popliteal lymph nodes Medial side: superficial inguinal lymph nodes  Arches of the foot Tarsal and metatarsal bones are arranged to form the longitudinal and transverse arches of the foot as shock absorbers, weight bearers, and they spread the weight in all directions *Plantar calcaneonavicular lig.-spring lig Medial Longitudinal arch calcaneus, talus, navicular, *Plantar aponeurosis three cuneiforms and three metatarsals Lateral longitudinal arch calcaneus, cuboid and lateral two metatarsals *Long plantar lig. Arches of the foot Transverse arch Cuboid, cuneiforms, base of metatarsals It provides support and flexibility to the foot  Arches of the foot The tendon of tibialis anterior attaching to the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform, and the flexor hallucis longus tendon help strenghten the medial longitudinal arch. The tendon of peroneus longus crossing the sole of the foot obliquely (completing the stirrup w the tibialis ant tendon) helps maintain the curvature of the transverse arch. Pes planus Pes cavus Hallux valgus Can yo u na me t he m uscle s? Can yo u na me t he a rteri es?  m ? e th e n am yo u Can Disse cted feet- befo re th e lab!  Foot Trivia Facts Foot contains 26 bones, 33 joints, 107 ligaments, 19 muscles, and numerous tendons. The average person takes 8,000 to 10,000 steps a day. 75 % of population will experience foot health problems of varying degrees of severity at one time or another in their lives. The soles of your feet contain more sweat glands and sensory nerve endings per square centimeter than any other part of the body. Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome is a very common reason for feeling pain and burning in the feet. A 2½-inch high heel can increase the load on the forefoot by 75%. Fast foot is totally different from the fast food :D you for your attention!