Seamanship (SEAM1) PDF - Preliminary Exam Reviewer

SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer 3. Ongoing Review and Documentation...

SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer 3. Ongoing Review and Documentation SAFE MANNING → Should be regularly reviewed to adapt to changes → Minimum number of personnel required to operate → changes to manning levels must be a ship safely documented and approved → Adding more crew is valid as long as the requirement is complied → Ship can’t depart if requirement is not complied MARITIME ORGANIZATION INVOLVE GUIDELINES ❖ World Health Organization (WHO) → Sufficiently, effectively, and efficiently ❖ International Maritime Education (IMO) ❖ International Telecommunication Union (ITU) PURPOSE ❖ International Labor Organization (ILO) → To maintain the safety and security of the ship ❖ International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea → To provide sufficient crew members to ensure safe (SOLAS) navigation and operational effectiveness at sea ❖ Flag State → To minimize the risk of accidents and injuries → Responsible for enforcing rules and → Proper management and operation of the ship regulations APPLICATION SHIPBOARD ORGANIZATION → To know if the ship is compliance to requirement → The certificate verifies that a ship is manned by an adequate number of qualified personnel → Structured arrangement of personnel and their respective roles → Essential for efficient operation and safety at sea RESOLUTION A. 1047(27) DEPARTMENTS IN SHIP 1. Deck Department → Adopted on November 30, 2011 → Responsible for navigation, cargo → Establishes the principles of minimum safe manning operations, and overall safety management for ships 2. Engine Department → Manages the ship's machinery and systems, PRINCIPLES OF MINIMUM SAFE MANNING 3. Steward/ Catering Department 1. Determining Minimum Safe Manning → Responsible for the welfare of the crew, → determined based the ship's size, type, level including food preparation and of automation, trading area, and nature of housekeeping operations 2. Compliance with STCW (Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping) Code → crew members are properly trained and certified KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 1 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer 2.3.1 Steward SHIPBOARD ORGANIZATIONAL CHART → Assists in meal preparation and service. 1. Master (Captain) 2.3.1 Messman → Overall authority and responsibility for the → Responsible for cleaning and vessel and its crew. maintaining the mess area. 2.1 Deck Department 2.2.1 Chief Officer (First Mate): → Assists the Master and oversees deck SHIP CONSTRUCTION operations and crew. 2.2.2 Second Officer → To build a functional ship → Responsible for navigation and safety → Structural integrity equipment. → For sea worthy 2.2.3 Third Officer → Withstand the rigors of the open sea → Handles watchkeeping and safety duties. 2.3.1 Bosun (Boatswain) SEAWORTHINESS → Supervises deck crew and maintenance tasks. → Quality of ship that makes it fit and safe to 2.4.1 Able Seaman (AB) navigate → Performs various deck duties and assists 1. Stability officers. → Remain upright and balanced even in rough 2.4.2 Ordinary Seaman (OS) seas → Entry-level position assisting ABs and → Capsize is the opposite term for overturned maintaining cleanliness. ship 2.1 Engine Department 2. Strength 2.2.1 Chief Engineer → Hull and structural components must be → Manages engine operations and maintenance. engineered to withstand forces if wind, waves, 2.2.2 Second Engineer and weight of the vessel → Assists the Chief Engineer and oversees 3. Buoyancy machinery. → Keep it afloat and prevent sinking 2.2.3 Third Engineer 4. Maneuverability → Handles specific machinery and maintenance → Navigate safely through changing conditions tasks. 2.2.4 Electrician STRUCTURAL INTEGRITY → Responsible for electrical systems and repairs. → Withstand the loads and stresses it may 2.3.1 Wiper experience over time → Entry-level position assisting engineers and cleaning. SHIP DIMENSIONS 2.1 Catering Department (Steward's Department) 1. Length Overall (LOA) 2.2.1 Chief Steward → The extreme length of the ship along the → Manages food services and crew welfare. centerline KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 2 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer 2. Ford Perpendicular → Forward side of the stern that meets the DIRECTIONS summer load line → Bow (Front), Stern (Back) 3. Aft Perpendicular → Starboard (Right), Port (Left) → Aft side of the rudder post that meets summer load line SIDES 4. Length on Waterline (LWL) → Starboard and port should and are equal for → The length of the ship measured at the stability and balance waterline, which can vary depending on the load PRINCIPAL STRUCTURAL MEMBER 5. Length Between Perpendicular (LBP) → Length of a ship along the summer load line 1. Deck Plating from the forward surface of the stem to the → Steel plate that provides structural after surface of the sternpost integrity and a working area above the 6. Summer Load line waterline → Reference mark on a ship's hull that indicates 2. Bulkhead the maximum depth to which the vessel may → Upright partition within a ship's hull that be safely loaded separates different compartments 7. Freeboard 3. Deck Beam → Distance measured vertically downwards in → Provides support for the deck and midships maintaining the structural integrity of the 8. Amidship vessel by connecting to frames or → Located midway between the bow and stern bulkheads at its ends → Center of stability 4. Stanchion 9. Sheer Aft → Strong, upright post or bar used to → Upward curvature of a ship's deck towards the support stern 5. Outer Plating 10. Sheer Forward → External steel plates that form the → Upward curvature of a ship's deck towards the watertight skin of a ship's hull bow 6. Inner Bottom Plating 11. Moulded Beam → Horizontal watertight steel plate that → Also known as moulded breadth forms the upper boundary of the double → Maximum width of a ship measured from the bottom space inside of the side shell plating at one end to 7. Bilge Strake the inside of the plating at the other end → Plating that run along the turn of the bilge, 12. Draft which is the curved section of the hull → Vertical distance between the waterline and where the bottom meets the sides the lowest point of a ship's hull 8. Longitudinal Frame 13. Depth → Runs parallel to the vessel's length, → Vertical distance measured from the top of the providing essential support and strength keel to the top of the deck beam to resist longitudinal loads KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 3 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer 9. Keel → Bottom from bow to stern PLIMSOLL MARK → Serves as the foundation for the vessel's hull → Also known as the Plimsoll line 10. Garboard Strakes → Reference mark on a ship's hull that indicates the → Located immediately adjacent to the keel maximum depth to which the vessel may safely be on each side of a ship's hull loaded with cargo → Serving as the first line of defense against → Invented by Sir Samuel Plimsoll, a British politician water ingress and social reformer 11. Strakes a, b, c, and so on → Contributes to the vessel's structural VALVES integrity and watertightness 12. Sheer Strake → Uppermost strake of a ship's side shell → Mechanical devices used to control the flow and plating pressure of liquids, gases, or slurries through pipes → Thicker and stronger than other strakes to or tanks withstand impacts from waves 13. Transverse Frame VALVES IN A SHIP → Provides essential support and rigidity to 1. Gate Valve the vessel by resisting bending and → A valve that uses a flat or wedge-shaped buckling forces gate to control fluid flow, providing full flow with minimal pressure drop when fully opened. BASIC PARTS OF A SHIP 2. Globe Valve → A valve designed for regulating flow, ❖ Camber featuring a movable disk that adjusts the → Roof of the ship flow rate through a stationary ring seat. ❖ Forecastle 3. Ball Valve ❖ Hull → A valve that uses a hollow, perforated ball ❖ Poop deck to control fluid flow, allowing for quick ❖ Keel on/off operation with minimal pressure ❖ Rudder drop. ❖ Propeller 4. Butterfly Valve ❖ Superstructure or Accommodations → A valve that employs a rotating disk to ❖ Cargo Holds regulate flow, known for its lightweight ❖ Main deck or Weather deck design and ability to handle large volumes ❖ Stern of fluid. ❖ Bridge 5. Check Valve ❖ Mast → A valve that allows fluid to flow in one ❖ Plimsoll Mark direction only, preventing backflow and ❖ Gangway ensuring that the system remains ❖ Pilot Ladder pressurized. KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 4 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer 6. Relief Valve 3. Bilge Pump → A safety valve that automatically releases → A pump specifically designed to remove pressure from a system when it exceeds a water that accumulates in the bilge of a predetermined limit, protecting ship, ensuring the vessel remains buoyant equipment from damage. and stable. 7. Diaphragm Valve 4. Fire Pump → A valve that uses a flexible diaphragm to → A dedicated pump used to supply water start or stop flow, providing good sealing for firefighting systems on board, and control for moderate pressure ensuring adequate pressure and flow applications. during emergencies. 8. Pressure Relief Valve (PRV) 5. Ballast Pump → A valve designed to control or limit the → A pump used to fill or empty ballast tanks, pressure in a system by releasing excess helping to maintain the ship's stability and pressure, ensuring safe operation. trim by adjusting weight distribution. 9. Pinch Valve 6. Cooling Water Pump → A valve that uses a flexible sleeve pinched → A pump that circulates seawater or to control flow, ideal for handling slurries freshwater through the ship's cooling and abrasive materials. systems to regulate temperatures in 10. Piston Valve engines and machinery. → A valve that uses a piston to completely 7. Sewage Pump open or close the flow path, typically not → A pump designed to handle and transport used for throttling applications. wastewater from onboard toilets and sinks to treatment facilities or overboard discharge. PUMPS 8. Fuel Oil Transfer Pump → A pump used to transfer fuel oil from → Mechanical devices that move fluids by converting storage tanks to the ship's engines, mechanical energy into hydraulic energy ensuring a steady supply for operation. → Facilitates the transfer of liquids from one location 9. Freshwater Pump to another → A pump that supplies potable water to various areas of the ship, including PUMPS IN A SHIP galleys, bathrooms, and other facilities. 1. Centrifugal Pump 10. Sludge Pump → A pump that uses rotational energy to → A pump designed to handle and remove move fluids, typically employed for sludge from bilge wells and other areas, transferring large volumes of liquids such ensuring proper waste management and as ballast water and fuel. compliance with environmental 2. Positive Displacement Pump regulations. → A pump that moves fluid by trapping a fixed amount and forcing it through the discharge, commonly used for high- LIFTING GEARS viscosity fluids and precise applications. KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 5 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer → Various types of equipment and machinery used to → Specialized equipment used for lifting lift, lower, and move heavy loads safely during heavy and long items, ensuring even cargo operations weight distribution. LIFTING GEARS IN A SHIP DECK MACHINERIES 1. Cranes → Mechanical devices equipped with a 1. Windlass hoisting mechanism, used for lifting and → Mechanical device on a ship used to raise moving heavy cargo on and off the ship. and lower the anchor by manipulating the 2. Derricks anchor chain or rope → A type of crane that consists of a mast and 2. Capstan a boom, used for lifting heavy loads, often → Mechanical device used on ships to wind seen on older ships. ropes, cables, or chains for various 3. Winches operations such as anchoring, mooring, → Mechanical devices that pull in or let out and pulling loads, typically featuring a ropes or cables, used for lifting and vertical drum that rotates to facilitate moving loads vertically or horizontally. these tasks 4. Slings 3. Mooring Winches → Flexible straps or ropes that secure load → Designed specifically for mooring for lifting, available in various materials operations, providing the necessary power such as nylon or chain. to secure the vessel at the dock 5. Hooks 4. Anchoring Fittings → Metal devices attached to lifting → Essential components used in the equipment for securing loads, allowing for anchoring system of a ship, ensuring easy attachment and detachment. secure and efficient anchoring operations 6. Shackles 5. Hatches → U-shaped metal connectors used to secure → Openings in the deck that provide access lifting slings and chains to loads or lifting to the cargo hold or other compartments equipment. 6. Watertight Doors 7. Lifting Beams → Designed to prevent the ingress of water → Horizontal beams that distribute the from one compartment to another during weight of a load evenly, providing stability flooding or emergencies, thereby during lifting operations. maintaining the vessel's buoyancy and 8. Plate Clamps stability → Devices designed to grip and lift flat 7. Port Holes materials like metal plates securely. → Circular windows found on ships, designed 9. Cargo Nets to admit light and air into below-deck → Mesh materials used to secure and lift compartments while providing a limited multiple items at once, preventing them view of the outside from falling during transport. 8. Hoists 10. Heavy Lifting Beams KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 6 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer → Mechanical device used to lift and move SAFE PRACTICES ONBOARD heavy loads vertically, typically consisting 1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) of a combination of pulleys, cables or → Always wear appropriate PPE, including chains, and a lifting system that allows safety helmets, gloves, goggles, and non- applying a multiplied force to lift objects slip shoes, to minimize the risk of injuries with less effort during operations. 9. Booms 2. Emergency Preparedness → Various types of equipment used primarily → Familiarize yourself with emergency for containment and management of spills, evacuation procedures and participate in particularly oil spills regular safety drills to ensure readiness 10. Weathertight doors for critical situations. → Designed to prevent water ingress from 3. Man Overboard Protocol the outside into a ship's interior, effectively → Follow established protocols for withstanding weather conditions and brief responding to man overboard incidents to submersion, typically located above the maximize the chances of rescue and waterline survival. 4. Safe Line Handling SAFETY PRACTICES → Always be cautious when handling lines, ensuring no one stands in the bight of a rope or near a line under tension to ❖ Working Aloft prevent injuries. → Always use a safety harness when working 5. Hazardous Materials Handling aloft and secure it to a strong point. → Properly handle and store hazardous ❖ Working Over Side materials according to safety guidelines to → Wear a life jacket and safety harness when prevent accidents and environmental working over the side and secure it to a pollution. strong point. 6. Navigation and Watchkeeping ❖ Line Handling → Maintain vigilance during navigation and → Never stand in the bight of a rope or near a watchkeeping to prevent collisions and line under tension. ensure safe passage. ❖ Electrical Works 7. Clear Communication → Ensure all electrical equipment is properly → Ensure effective communication among grounded and follow lockout/tagout crew members, especially during procedures. operations involving heavy lifting or maneuvering to avoid misunderstandings. SAFETY CULTURE 8. Regular Maintenance → Conduct routine inspections and → Refers to the shared values, beliefs, maintenance of equipment and machinery attitudes, and practices regarding safety to ensure they are in safe working among the crew and management condition. → relation to safety protocols and risk 9. Avoid Working Alone management KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 7 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer → Whenever possible, avoid working alone in potentially hazardous areas and maintain communication with someone who can check on your safety. 10. Environmental Protection → Follow protocols for pollution prevention, including proper waste disposal and spill response measures to protect marine ecosystems UNSAFE PRACTICES ONBOARD ❖ Working Alone ❖ Ignoring Safety Equipment ❖ Disregarding Emergency Procedures ❖ Careless Line Handling ❖ Entering Enclosed Spaces Without Precautions ❖ Neglecting Housekeeping ❖ Disregarding Hazardous Materials Protocols. ❖ Failing to Report Unsafe Conditions PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ❖ Coveralls or boiler suits ❖ Safety Helmet ❖ Safety Shoes ❖ Safety Gloves ❖ Safety Goggles ❖ Earplugs ❖ Earmuffs ❖ Life Jackets ❖ Safety Harnesses ❖ Face masks ❖ Face Shields ❖ Immersion Suits PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEM → Formalized process used to manage and control high- risk activities ensuring that such tasks are carried out safely and in accordance with established procedures KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 8 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 Preliminary Exam Reviewer KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 9 ~ Thucydides SEAMANSHIP (SEAM1) Mike Angelo Cope POLLUX 1 QUESTIONNAIRE – Sample Questions TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING 1. What is the primary purpose of a Safe Manning 15. What is the primary purpose of valves on a ship? Certificate? Enumerate 5 kinds of valves that can be found onboard and 2. Who is responsible for determining the safe manning its function. level when the vessel is safely moored in port? 16. What is the primary purpose of pumps on a ship? 3. Create a shipboard organization chart and input their Enumerate 5 kinds of pumps that can be found onboard role onboard. and its function. 4. What is Resolution A. 1047(27)? Elaborate it briefly. 17. What is the primary purpose of deck machineries? 5. What are the different organizations that are involve Enumerate 5 deck machineries that can be found onboard in maritime work? Who is responsible in enforcing and its function. rules and regulations? 18. What is the correct procedure when working alone on a 6. What is seaworthiness? What are the qualifications ship? for ship to be considered seaworthy? 19. What should crew members do if they encounter a 7. Create a visual illustration of ship’s dimension. Write a spillage or leak from a container? one brief sentence description to each. 20. What is the key safety practice when working with 8. Name the parts of principal structural member of a machinery? ship and give a brief description of its function 21. What should crew members do if they notice excessive noise from machinery? 22. What is the significance of lockout/tagout procedures? 23. What practices should be avoided to maintain safety onboard? 24. The captain has assigned you multiple tasks onboard, and you need to determine the correct PPE for each job to ensure safety. o Task: Conducting Electrical Maintenance o Task: Handling Heavy Cargo o Task: Cleaning Areas with Hazardous Chemicals o Task: Working in Confined Spaces o Task: Operating Machinery o Task: Responding to an Electrical Hazard o Task: Working in High Noise Areas 9. Illustrate a ship and label at least 10 parts. Write what o Task: Handling Chemicals type of ship and briefly describe the functions of each part. o Task: Emergency Situations 10. What does the Plimsoll mark primarily indicate? 25. How to read Plimsoll Mark? How many intervals are 11. What are the types of Plimsoll mark? there between numbers? And what is the unit commonly 12. Why was the Plimsoll mark introduced? used? 13. What happens if a ship is loaded beyond the Plimsoll mark? 14. Where is the Plimsoll mark typically located on a ship? KNOWLEDGE WITHOUT UNDERSTANDING IS USELESS 10 ~ Thucydides