Scientific Revolution Presentation

Warm Up 1. Discuss with a neighbor: 2. What do you see in this image? 3. Is there anything else there? 4. How did you have to shift your thinking? 5. How do you think it is related to the Scientific Revolution? Agenda EQ: How did...

Warm Up 1. Discuss with a neighbor: 2. What do you see in this image? 3. Is there anything else there? 4. How did you have to shift your thinking? 5. How do you think it is related to the Scientific Revolution? Agenda EQ: How did understanding the natural world develop and 1. w/u change during the 2. Notes on Sci Rev Scientific Revolution? 3. Galileo Video 4. LT: I can create a museum Time to Work on your Dutch Republic Museum exhibit based on the social, political, economic ideas of the Golden Age SAQ #4 Due on 10/7 of the Dutch Republic. Paradigm Shift Paradigm means Greeks develop a pattern “pattern” in greek for science Anomalies were discovered that couldn’t be explained by science? Results in a paradigm shift in thinking. Historical Context Explosion of universities Renaissance & Exploration expanded knowledge Increases in literacy Reformation and waning power of catholic church esp. In Northern Europe ○ Protestant areas = safe scientific discovery Divine Right of Kings/Absolutism- kings support scientific discovery Medieval Scientific view of the World ○ Aristotle, Ptolemy & the Catholic Church ○ Science is still theology/philosophy at this point Science before 1500’s Geocentric model and the 4 Humors/4 elements model Most Important Discoveries Copernicus born in Poland, was a world-famous astronomer. – His book: On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres (1543). – Published after his death 1.The heliocentric theory. 2. Sun is the center of the universe. 3. Earth and other planets revolve around the sun. People did not believe it: If Earth is in motion, then objects should fly off into the universe. Brahe & Kepler Build onto Copernicus Brahe had an observatory, used data ○ Did not agree w/Copernicus but theorized that the planets move in a circular path Kepler was Brahe’s assistant ○ Formulated THREE laws of planetary motion: Orbits of the planets are ELLIPTICAL rather than circular Planets do NOT move at a uniform speed in their orbits The time a planet takes to make its orbit is precisely related to its distance from the sun ○ Kepler’s contributions are HUGE; he had mathematically proved the relations of a sun-centered solar system, aka HELIOCENTRIC Galileo Galileo was the “Father of Modern Experimental Science.” By running experiments, he overturned two long-standing Greek scientific ideas: – Aristotle: Heavy objects fall faster than lighter objects. – By running an experiment (dropping things from the Leaning Tower of Pisa), – Galileo discovered that this was not true! Ptolemy: The sun and planets revolve around the Earth. By running an experiment (using a telescope), Galileo discovered that this was not true! Start at 30 min Scientific Method Bacon+Descartes Francis Bacon 1561-1625 (Inductive Reasoning) ○ Move from specific to general ○ Certainty is not the goal, high probability it. ○ Everyone: “The sun rises in the East.” ○ Bacon: The sun will probably rise in the east because it usually does, but we Descartes proposition: don’t know for certain. 1. What thinks must exist? ○ Must run experiments! 2. I’m Thinking Rene Descartes 1596-1650 (Deductive Reasoning) Conclusion: I exist! Cogito ergo ○ Move from the general to the specific sum (I think, therefore I am) ○ Discourse on Method- proof should depend on logic alone- senses deceive Newton “If I have seen further [than others], it is by standing on the shoulders of Giants.” (Newton) 1642-1727 Principia in 1687 -law of universal gravitation. Natural laws of motion – gravitation – are evident in the movement of heavenly bodies and earthly objects Newton developed a set of mathematical principles to explain motion. Every body in the universe attracts every other body in the universe in a precise mathematical relationship Newton’s Impact Since these natural laws are unchangeable and predictable, God’s active participation in the natural world is not needed to explain the forces of nature This directly challenged Medieval beliefs This view came to be the foundation of the Enlightenment view of God: deism Other Important Discoveries Telescope, microscope, thermometer, barometer Galen (Greek) dissected animals in the 2nd century C.E. ○ Believed in the idea of the 4 humors, 2 different blood systems People who challenged Galen’s ideas ○ Paracelsus-theory of diseases based on chemical imbalances could be treated with different remedies ○ Vesalius-dissected human body ○ William Harvey-circulatory system Effects of the Scientific Revolution Further questioning/challenging authority we saw in the previous time period Use of natural laws will be applied to different fields other than science, which leads to the enlightenment (political, social, economic, etc) ○ Which long term will lead to Revolutions and changes in the next 2 centuries Popularization of Science Creation of International Scientific community Time to Work on your Dutch Golden Age Museum Exhibit The rest of the time is your to work on this, it is posted in Canvas.