The Scientific Revolution Part One PDF

The Scientific Revolution Part One What do you know about the Scientific Revolution? Class Agenda for March 26, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Question and Agenda 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand how Galileo Galilei began what became to be known as the father of the Scientific Revolution with his dis...

The Scientific Revolution Part One What do you know about the Scientific Revolution? Class Agenda for March 26, 2024 1. Review Warm-up Question and Agenda 2. Learning Objective: SWBAT understand how Galileo Galilei began what became to be known as the father of the Scientific Revolution with his discoveries 3. Essential Question: How did the Scientific Revolution change the way we look at nature? 4. Meme/Thought of the Day a. Vocabulary and definitions a. Homework: Please read the Textbook Reading on the The Scientific Revolution, pp. 188-194, and the assessment (1-8) The Scientific Revolution A new way of understanding the world around us and the heavens - Age of exploration, exchange of ideas from around the world from the renaissance, (astronomy and mathematics) Geocentric (earth-centered) it was THE theory of the Universe, the heavens, it lasted for about 2000 years - Aristotle (c. 500 BCE) Ptolemy (c. 100 CE) - Eratosthenes measured the circumference of the earth; 25,000 miles; (actual 24,860 miles) The earth was static, unmoving; The Geocentric Universe Model - The Earth had a special place. It was chosen by God, - This special place view was enforced by Church teachings Medieval astronomers used epicycles to explain the circular planetary motion which led to scientists to question the Geocentric Model of the universe - It always needed to be corrected. The Heliocentric model of the Universe Aristarchus of Samos c. 300 BCE Nicolaus Copernicus, in the 1540s, studied planetary motions for 20 years (a Polish astronomer) he wrote, - On the Revolutions of Heavenly Bodies (1543) - He didn’t publish it until his death Tycho Brahe (Danish astronomer) collected mountains of observational data, but had no idea what it meant Johannes Kepler in 1620s, mathematician, developed planetary laws of motion (1) Planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun as a focus, (2) A planet covers the same area of space in the same amount of time no matter where it is in its orbit (3) A planet's orbital period is proportional to the size of its orbit (its semi-major axis) Kepler didn’t know why the planets behaved the way they did Isaac Newton’s laws of motion figured out what Kepler discovered about planets’ motion The Telescope was first developed by Dutch sailors, sometimes called a spyglass Galileo Galilei, in the 1600s, improved what the Dutch had invented: - In 1610 Galileo published, The Starry Messenger Galileo’s observations fractured deeply held beliefs - People had believed in the geocentric universe for over 1000 years Galileo’s observations radically altered our view and our place in the universe, Jupiter had 4 moons - Callisto, Ganymede, Io, Europa - The sun had sun spots - The moon had a rough, uneven surface; not a pure, perfect substance In 1616, The Catholic Church warned Galileo not to teach or support Copernicus’s teachings - Galileo did for a while In 1632, he wrote, A Dialogue in Concerning Two Chief World Systems; it poked fun at the Church and was written in Italian, not Latin - In the dialogue; Galileo made Simplicio represent the Church as ‘not very intelligent’. - In 1633, Galileo stood trial before the inquisition, He recanted (took back what he said) - As he rose after being sentenced to house arrest for the rest of his life, he murmured, “E pur si muove” (and yet it moves) However, the Catholic Church could not deny the mounting evidence that proved Galileo WAS correct… - In 1992, Pope John Paul II and the Catholic Church acknowledged Galileo was correct.