Scientific Lab Equipment PDF

Scientific Lab Equipment By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas Beaker Used for - Pouring, storing, mixing, heating, dispensing NOT used to measure Has a “beak” to aid pouring Flask flasks hold solid...

Scientific Lab Equipment By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas Beaker Used for - Pouring, storing, mixing, heating, dispensing NOT used to measure Has a “beak” to aid pouring Flask flasks hold solids or liquids that may release gases during a reaction or that are likely to splatter if stirred or heated. Florence Flask Used to hold liquids NOT used to measure accurately First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 1 of 12 By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas  Volumetric Flask A volumetric flask (measuring flask or graduated flask) is a piece of laboratory glassware, a type of laboratory flask, calibrated to contain a precise volume at a particular temperature. Volumetric flasks are used for precise dilutions and preparation of standard solutions. These flasks are usually pear-shaped, with a flat bottom, and made of glass or plastic. Volumetric flask- is a piece of laboratory glassware, a type of laboratory flask, used in analytical chemistry for the preparation of solutions. Are used for making up solutions to a known volume. Graduated Cylinder Used to measure liquids Not for reactions Read from the curve of the meniscus First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 2 of 12 By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas  Test Tubes To hold liquids and chemicals during experiments (investigations) Used for storing, mixing, heating NOT for measuring Should be held with tongs, clamps or a ring-stand clamp NEVER with your hands Burette First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 3 of 12 By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas  Burette-is a vertical cylindrical piece of laboratory glassware with a volumetric graduation on its full length and a precision tap. It is used to dispense known amounts of a liquid reagent in experiments. Meniscus Curved shape of a liquid stored in a cylinder Caused by: adhesion between the liquid and its container cohesion between particles of the liquid Test Tube Holder A test tube holder is useful for holding a test tube which is too hot to handle. First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 4 of 12 By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas  Test Tube Brushes Test tube brushes are used to clean test tubes and graduated cylinders. Test Tube Racks Test tube racks are for holding and organizing test tubes on the laboratory counter. Plastic racks may melt in contact with very hot test tubes. To hold test tubes during an investigation. (After cleaning, test tubes can be placed upside down to dry.) Rubber Stoppers Rubber stoppers are used to close containers to avoid spillage or contamination. Containers should never be heated when there is a stopper in place. First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 5 of 12 By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas  Spot Plates Spot plates are used when we want to perform many small scale reactions at one time. We will use these many times during the year. Watch Glass A watch glass is used to hold a small amount of solid, such as the product of a reaction. Glass Stir Rod A glass rod is used to manually stir solutions. It can also be used to transfer a single drop of a solution. Stirring rod To mix chemicals and hot liquids together (like a spoon) First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 6 of 12 By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas  Medicine Dropper A medicine dropper is used to transfer a small volume of liquid (less than one mL). On top of each medicine dropper is a “rubber bulb” Medicine dropper (eyedropper) To drop small amount of liquids Litmus Paper Red litmus paper is used to identify bases. Blue litmus paper is used to identify acids. Funnel A funnel is used to aid in the transfer of liquid from one vessel to another. Mohr Pipet A Mohr pipet measures and delivers exact volumes of liquids. First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 7 of 12 By : Assist. Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbas  A micropipette is a common yet an essential laboratory instrument used to accurately and precisely transfer volumes of liquid in the microliter range. Micropipettes are available in single channel and multi channel variants. While the single channel micropipettes are used in labs that perform research related to molecular biology, microbiology, immunology, cell culture, analytical chemistry, biochemistry and genetics, the multichannel micropipettes are recommended for ELISA (diagnostic test), molecular screening, kinetic studies and DNA amplification. Single Channel or Multichannel Micropipettes: This decision can be made based on the number of samples or replicates you are working with. Single channel micropipettes like the MICROLIT RBO Single Channel (Fixed Volume and Variable Volume) are used when the number of samples is less whereas a large number of samples or well plates can be easily handled by multichannel micropipettes like the MICROLIT RBO Multichannel (8-channel and 12- channel). Tips: Once you’ve selected your micropipette, this is the next crucial decision to make. Tips can be conical or cylindrical, universal or pipette specific, filtered or non-filtering, and graduated. If the experiment requires sterile, aseptic conditions, one should use filtered and sterile tips. Universal tips can be used for a wide range of pipettes. First Class/Practical Medical Che mistry Page 8 of 12 By : Dr. Tamathir Abass  Wash Bottle A wash bottle has a spout that delivers a wash solution to a specific area. Distilled water is the only liquid that should be used in a wash bottle. Weighing Boat Weighing boats are used to weigh solids that will be transferred to another vessel. Spatulas Spatulas are used to dispense solid chemicals from their containers. Chemicals should never be transferred with your bare hands. Beaker Tongs Beaker tongs are used to move beakers containing hot liquids First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 9 of 12 By : Assist.Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbass  Bunsen Burner/Hot Plate Source of heat: 1- Bunsen Burner -Bunsen burners are used for the heating of nonvolatile liquids and solids. To heat substances (with a flame). 2- Hot plate To heat substances using electricity, not a flame. Ring stand with clamp and ring To hold containers away from a heat source (such as fire) during an experiment Ringstands and their Components Ringstands are a safe and convenient way to perform reactions that require heating using a Bunsen burner. First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 10 of 12 By : Assist.Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbass  Iron Stand Ringstands and their Components 1- Iron Ring Iron rings connect to a ringstand and provide a stable, elevated platform for the reaction. 2- Utility Clamps Utility clamps are used to secure test tubes, distillation columns, and burets to the ringstand. First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 11 of 12 By : Assist.Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbass  3- Double Buret Clamps Double Buret clamps are used to burets – long graduated tubes used in titration. A laboratory centrifuge – is laboratory equipment, – driven by a motor, spins liquid samples at high speed. – There are various types of centrifuges, depending on the size and the sample capacity. – They vary widely in speed and capacity. – Work by the sedimentation principle, where the centripetal acceleration is used to separate substances of greater and lesser density. – Comprise a rotor containing two, four, six, or many more numbered wells within which the samples containing centrifuge tips may be placed. Centrifuges are used in – Chemistry, biology, and biochemistry for isolating and separating suspensions. First Class/Practical Medical Chemistry Page 12 of 12 By : Assist.Prof. Dr. Tamathir Abbass