Lab Equipment Guide PDF

Laboratory equipments refers to the various tools and equipment used by scientists working in a laboratory. Laboratory equipments rehtie ot desu yllareneg era na mrofrep experiment or take measurements and gather data.  TEST TUBE  It consists of a finger-like length of glass or cl...

Laboratory equipments refers to the various tools and equipment used by scientists working in a laboratory. Laboratory equipments rehtie ot desu yllareneg era na mrofrep experiment or take measurements and gather data.  TEST TUBE  It consists of a finger-like length of glass or clear plastic tubing, open at the top, usually with a rounded U-shaped bottom. Test tubes are widely used by chemists to hold, mix, or heat small quantities of solid or liquid chemicals  RACK OR HOLDER  A holder is used in a laboratory and it is used to hold/support test tubes containing chemicals waiting for further operations.  It is also used to hold/ support pipettes, etc.  the rack is a convenient and necessary piece of laboratory equipment for the storage of test tubes.  FLASK BODY A common distinguishing aspect in their shapes is a wider body and narrower tubular sections at the top called necks which have an NECK opening at the top. Laboratory flask sizes are specified by the volume they can hold, typically in metric units such as milliliters (mL or ml) or liters (L or l.) Flasks can be used for holding, containing, collecting, or sometimes volumetrically measuring chemicals, samples, solutions, etc. for chemical reactions  BEAKER Beakers are generally cylindrical in shape, with a flat bottom. Most also have a small spout (or "beak") to aid pouring as shown in the picture. Beakers are available in a wide range of sizes, from one millilitre up to several litres. A beaker is a simple container for mixing and heating liquids.  Graduated cylinder Graduated cylinders are often used to measure the volume of a liquid. Graduated cylinders are generally more accurate and precise than laboratory flasks and beakers  PIPETTE A pipette is a laboratory tool used to transport a measured volume of liquid. The capacity of a micropipette can range from less than nac settepiporcam elihw ,)lm 1( lµ 1000 ot lµ 1 1 naht retaerg semulov erusaemml.  MICROPIPETTE Fixed Adjustable GLASS PIPETTE TIPS EPPENDORF  CUVETTE It is a small tube of circular or square cross section, sealed at one end, made of plastic or glass. It is designed to hold samples for spectroscopic experiments. It may be open to the atmosphere on top or have a cap to seal it shut.  CENTRIFUGE  It is a piece of equipment that puts an object in rotation around a fixed axis.  It works using the sedimentation principle where the acceleration causes heavier particles to move out to the bottom of the tube. Centrifuge (for test tubes): Microcentrifuge (for eppendorfs):  SPECTROPHOTOMETER It is used to measure the amount of light that the sample absorbs in order to determine the concentration of the light absorbing substance in the sample SPECROPHOTOMETER  Spectrophotometer Spectrometer Photometer For producing light of For measuring intensity of any selected colour light passing through the tube The amount of light absorbed is directly proportional to the concentration of a substance  WATER BATH  It contains heated water over or in which something in a separate container is processed.  Because water retains heat so well, using water baths was one of the very first means of incubation.  VORTEX MIXER It is used to mix small vials of liquid (e.g mixing the reagents of an assay or mixing experimental sample and a dilutant). UV Transilluminator: It projects UV radiation. It is used to view DNA that has been separated by electrophoresi trhough an agarose gel. During electrophoresis , the agarose gel is stained with a fluorescent dye which binds to nucleic acid. Exposing the stained gel to UV light causes the DNA/dye to fluorsce and become visible. Thermal cycler”Thermocycler”: It is used to amplify segments of DNA via PCR It raises and lowers the temperature of the sample in programmed steps. Balance: It is designed to measure small mass in the sub-milligram range. The measuring pan is inside a transparent enclosure so that dust doesn’t collect and so any air currents in the room don’t affect the balance operation. PH and temprature meter: It measures the hydrogen ion concentration in the solution indicating its acidity or akalinity. Acids dissolve in water forming hydrogen ions, The greater the hydrogen ion concentration, the stronger the acids is. It can also measure the temprature of the solution. Gel electrophoresis : It is used in lab to separate charged molecules, like DNA and proteins according to size and charge. Electrophoresis unit which contains:- -- -The electrodes (anode and cathode). Power Supply (provides stable direct current and - Buffer. has control for voltage) - Support medium (gel). Nanodrop: It measures DNA concentration by nanogram/µl in very small volume sample (one drop) Water distiller: Distillation involves boiling the water and then condensing the steam into a clean container Laboratory oven: It is used in: -Glassware drying and Sterilization. -Heating samples. Laboratory incubator: -It is a device used to grow and maintain microbiological cultures or cell cultures. -The incubator maintains optimal temperature, humidity and other conditions such as the carbon dioxide (CO2) and oxygen content of the atmosphere inside. -Incubators are essential for a lot of experimental work in cell biology, microbiology and molecular biology Shaker: It is used to blend or mix samples within flasks or tubes by shaking them Shaker: It is used to blend or mix samples within flasks or tubes by shaking them