Scientific Cultivation of Knol-Khol 2024-25 PDF

RAMA UNIVERSITY KANPUR UTTAR PRADESH FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES 2024-25 Scientific Cultivation of Knol - Khol Submitted To: Submitted By: Dr. Jitendra Kumar Vishesh Kumar Dw...

RAMA UNIVERSITY KANPUR UTTAR PRADESH FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES AND ALLIED INDUSTRIES 2024-25 Scientific Cultivation of Knol - Khol Submitted To: Submitted By: Dr. Jitendra Kumar Vishesh Kumar Dwivedi B.Sc.(Ag.) 2nd year  CONTENTS  INTRODUCTION  RAISING OF NURSERY  TAXONOMY  TRANSPLANTING  ADDITIONAL POINTS  SPACING  NUTRITIVE VALUE  IRRIGATION  VARIETIES  INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS AND WEED CONTROL  AREA AND DISTRIBUTION  CLIMATE  HARVESTING  SOIL AND FIELD PREPERATION  YIELD  MANURES AND FERTILIZERS  INSECT PESTS  SEED RATE AND TREATMENT  DISEASES  INTRODUCTION  Botanical Name – Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes  Family - Brassicaceae  Chromosome No. – 2n = 2x =18  Origin – Mediterranean region(Northern Europe)  Edible Part – Stem and Knob or Tuber  Inflorescence - Racemose  TAXONOMY  Kingdom - Plantae  Phylum - Tracheophytes  Class - Dicotyledonae  Order – Brassicales  Family - Brassicaceae  Genus - Brassica  Species - Oleracea  ADDITIONAL POINTS  The word Kohlrabi (Knol Khol) is a german word, ‘Kohl’ means cabbage and ‘Rabi’ means turnip.  Knol – Khol’s edible part is knob, which results from a thickening of the tissue present above the cotyledons.  Knol – Khol are typically biennial crops while broccoli comprises of both annuals and biennials.  NUTRITIVE VALUE Protein 27g Carbohydrates 6.2g Fat 0.1g Calcium 24.0mg Water 90.1g Iron 0.44mg Magnesium 19.0mg Potassium 350.0mg Vitamin C 53.0mg Vitamin E 0.98mg Riboflavin 0.02mg Thiamine 0.05mg  VARIETIES VARIETY SOURCE SALIENT FEATURES Early White Vienna IARI An early variety takes 50-55 days for the development. White Vienna IARI Globular, light green, smooth, tender and medium – sized knobs. Early Purple Vienna IARI Foliage purple with purple skin and light green flesh. Purple Vienna IARI Knobs are purplish – blue with greenish – white flesh. King of North Dark green foliage with broad leaf blade. Large Green It is a late variety, suitable for hilly areas. Palam Tender Knob Small round knobs, high yielding variety.  AREA AND DISTRIBUTION  Knol – Khol is not grown on a large scale anywhere in the world. It is mainly grown in mediterranean region, West Europe, North America, Japan and India.  In India, Knol – Khol is majorly grown in J&K and such states are West Bengal Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh.  CLIMATE  Knol –Khol is a cool season crop and thrives in a relatively cool climate.  It can withstand extreme cold and frost better than other cool season crop.  Seeds of Knol-Khol germinate well at 15° to 20°C.  SOIL AND FIELD PREPARATION  Sandy loam and clay loam soils are best suited for its cultivation.  Knol – Khol do best in a soil having pH is 5.5 to 6.8.  The land should be well prepared and of good tilth for showing of Knol – Khol, 5-6 ploughings should be given to prepare a good tilth.  MANURES AND FERTILIZERS  Apply the 200 Q/Ha of FYM and about 100 kg/Ha of nitrogen, 85 kg/Ha of phosphorus and 170 kg/Ha of potassium.  The farm yard manure (FYM) is added to soil 4-6 weeks before transplanting.  Optimum doses of nitrogen and potassium are necessary to get good knobs.  SEED RATE AND TREATMENT  1-1.5 kg of seed is sown in nursery to cover one hectare of land.  The seed should be treated with Thiram(2g) and Captan(2g).  RAISING OF NURSERY  Prepare nursery bed size 3m×1m and 15 cm high from ground level.  Sow seeds of 1cm depth in a row and 10 days after germination spray on the seed bed 1.8 ml of Thiodon in 1 litre of water.  Drench the soil with 0.2% Captan solution to avoid damping off.  TRANSPLANTING  3-4 weeks old seedlings become ready for transplanting.  In North India, transplanting may be done in September, October is best time for transplanting.  SPACING  Early Season Variety – 30×20 cm  Late Season Variety – 45×30 cm  IRRIGATION  First irrigation is done immediately after transplanting.  Irrigation should be given at an interval of 15 days.  Heavy irrigation should be avoided because it cause crack of tubers.  INTERCULTURAL OPERATIONS AND WEED CONTROL  Hoeing and weeding should be done after each irrigation when the soil comes in working condition.  The plant should be earthed up after 25-30 days of transplantation.  Treflan (Trifluralin @ 0.5 litre/Ha) and Semeron (Desmetrayne @ 1kg/Ha) applied before transplanting control both monocot and dicot weeds.  HARVESTING  Knol – Khol should be harvested when the swollen stem reaches a diameter of 5-8 cm.  Tuber are harvested before they are fully grown.  The harvesting should be done 2-3 times in a week by a sharp knife or sickle from below stem.  YIELD  Early Season Variety – 125 to 175 Q/Ha  Late Season Variety – 200 to 250 Q/Ha  INSECT PESTS 1. Diamond Back Moth(Plutella xylostella L.)  Symptoms: A small slender pale green caterpillar that feeds on leaves and makes holes in them.  Control: Thiodone 35 EC(0.03%) at repeat 10 days. 2. Aphid(Brevicoryne brassicae)  Symptoms: They suck the sac from leaves. The growth of young plant is fallow down.  Control: Spray Malathion(0.1%). Apply Monocrotophos(0.03%) and Endosulfan(0.05%). 3. Cutworms(Agrotis ipsilon)  Symptoms: Caterpillars back the foliage and cut the stems at ground level.  Control: Malathion(25 kg/Ha)  DISEASES 1. Damping off(Pythium aphanidermatum)  Symptoms: The diseased infected seedlings rot at ground level and then the plants fall over ground. It attacks on a nursery stage. It through soil borne disease.  Control: Spray Carbendazin(1g) and Benomil(1g). 2. Downy Mildew(Peronospora sparsa)  Symptoms: Light green to yellow spots on the upper surfaces of leaves.  Control: Apply Mancozeb(0.25) THANK YOU