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Questions and Answers
What is the scientific name of Knol-Khol?
Which family does Knol-Khol belong to?
What nutrient is found in the highest quantity in Knol-Khol?
Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Early White Vienna variety of Knol-Khol?
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What is the common term for the edible part of Knol-Khol?
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From which region does Knol-Khol originate?
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Which chromosome number is characteristic of Knol-Khol?
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What classification level comes directly before the family Brassicaceae in Knol-Khol's taxonomy?
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Which statement about Knol-Khol varieties is accurate?
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What is the preferred climate for growing Knol-Khol?
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What is the ideal soil pH for growing Knol-Khol?
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How much farm yard manure (FYM) should be applied per hectare for optimal Knol-Khol growth?
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How deep should Knol-Khol seeds be sown in the nursery bed?
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At what age are Knol-Khol seedlings usually ready for transplanting?
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Which states in India are known for major Knol-Khol cultivation?
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What is the recommended seed treatment for Knol-Khol seeds?
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What is the recommended spacing for late season variety planting?
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How often should irrigation be provided after transplanting?
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What is the purpose of applying Treflan before transplanting?
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When should Knol-Khol be harvested?
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What symptom indicates an infection from the Diamond Back Moth?
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Which symptom is associated with Damping off disease?
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What is the control measure for Aphids?
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What is the yield range for late season variety per hectare?
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Study Notes
Introduction
- Knol-Khol is a cool-season crop with an edible stem and knob.
- The knob is a thickened tissue above the cotyledons.
- Its origin is in the Mediterranean region, and it is commonly grown in West Europe, North America, Japan, and India.
Taxonomy
- Knol-Khol is classified as Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes belonging to the Brassicaceae family.
Nutritive Value
- Knol-Khol offers a range of nutrients including protein, carbohydrates, fat, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, vitamins C and E, riboflavin, and thiamine.
Varieties
- Various varieties include Early White Vienna, Early Purple Vienna, White Vienna, Purple Vienna, King of North, Large Green, and Palam Tender Knob.
- Each variety has specific features including growing time, size, and color of the knob.
Area and Distribution
- Knol-Khol's cultivation is not widespread, mostly found in the Mediterranean region, West Europe, North America, Japan, and India.
- In India, it is primarily grown in states such as Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.
Climate
- Knol-Khol thrives in cool climates and can tolerate frost and cold temperatures.
- Seeds germinate best at 15° to 20°C.
Soil and Field Preparation
- Suitable soils are sandy loam and clay loam with a pH of 5.5 to 6.8.
- Proper field preparation involves 5-6 ploughings for good tilth.
Manures and Fertilizers
- The recommended application includes 200 Q/Ha of FYM and 100 kg/Ha of nitrogen, 85 kg/Ha of phosphorus, and 170 kg/Ha of potassium.
- FYM is applied 4-6 weeks before transplanting.
Seed Rate and Treatment
- The seed rate for one hectare is 1-1.5 kg.
- Seed treatment involves using Thiram (2g) and Captan (2g).
Raising of Nursery
- Prepare a nursery bed of 3m x 1m, 15 cm high from the ground.
- Sow seeds 1 cm deep, and spray Thiodon (1.8 ml in 1 liter of water) 10 days after germination.
- Use a 0.2% Captan solution to prevent damping off.
Transplanting
- Transplant 3-4 weeks old seedlings, preferably in September or October in North India.
Spacing
- Early season varieties: 30 x 20 cm.
- Late season varieties: 45 x 30 cm.
Irrigation
- Irrigation is crucial, starting immediately after transplanting.
- Irrigate every 15 days, avoiding heavy irrigation as it can crack the tubers.
Intercultural Operations and Weed Control
- Hoeing and weeding are required after each irrigation.
- Earthing up is done 25-30 days after transplanting.
- Pre-transplant application of Treflan (Trifluralin @ 0.5 litre/Ha) and Semeron (Desmetrayne @ 1kg/Ha) controls weeds.
Harvesting
- Harvest when the swollen stem reaches 5-8 cm in diameter.
- Harvest before the tuber matures.
- Harvest 2-3 times a week using a sharp knife or sickle.
Yield
- Early season variety: 125 to 175 Q/Ha.
- Late season variety: 200 to 250 Q/Ha.
Insect Pests
-
Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella L.)
- Caterpillars feed on leaves, leaving holes.
- Control: Thiodone 35 EC (0.03%) repeated every 10 days.
-
Aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae)
- Aphids suck sap from leaves, hindering plant growth.
- Control: Spray Malathion (0.1%), Monocrotophos (0.03%), or Endosulfan (0.05%).
-
Cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon)
- Cutworms chew foliage and cut stems at ground level.
- Control: Malathion (25 kg/Ha).
Diseases
-
Damping Off (Pythium aphanidermatum)
- This soil-borne disease causes seedlings to rot and fall over.
- Control: Spray Carbendazin (1g) and Benomil (1g).
-
Downy Mildew (Peronospora sparsa)
- Leaves have light green to yellow spots on the upper surface.
- Control: Apply Mancozeb (0.25).
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Description
This quiz explores the cool-season crop Knol-Khol, including its origin, taxonomy, and nutritious value. You will learn about the various varieties of Knol-Khol and their specific features. Test your knowledge on the cultivation areas and distribution of this unique vegetable.
