Knol-Khol: Cultivation and Varieties
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Questions and Answers

What is the scientific name of Knol-Khol?

  • Brassica rapa var. gongylodes
  • Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes (correct)
  • Brassica alba var. gongylodes
  • Brassica oleracea var. turnip

    • Which family does Knol-Khol belong to?

  • Solanaceae
  • Fabaceae
  • Cucurbitaceae
  • Brassicaceae (correct)

    • What nutrient is found in the highest quantity in Knol-Khol?

  • Water (correct)
  • Protein
  • Fat
  • Carbohydrates

    • Which of the following is NOT a feature of the Early White Vienna variety of Knol-Khol?

    <p>Produces large and rough knobs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common term for the edible part of Knol-Khol?

    <p>Knob</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which region does Knol-Khol originate?

    <p>Mediterranean Region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosome number is characteristic of Knol-Khol?

    <p>2n = 2x = 18</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classification level comes directly before the family Brassicaceae in Knol-Khol's taxonomy?

    <p>Order</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about Knol-Khol varieties is accurate?

    <p>King of North is characterized by broad leaf blades and dark green foliage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the preferred climate for growing Knol-Khol?

    <p>Cool climates that can withstand frost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ideal soil pH for growing Knol-Khol?

    <p>5.5 to 6.8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How much farm yard manure (FYM) should be applied per hectare for optimal Knol-Khol growth?

    <p>200 Q/Ha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How deep should Knol-Khol seeds be sown in the nursery bed?

    <p>1 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age are Knol-Khol seedlings usually ready for transplanting?

    <p>3-4 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which states in India are known for major Knol-Khol cultivation?

    <p>J&amp;K, West Bengal, and Uttar Pradesh</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended seed treatment for Knol-Khol seeds?

    <p>Thiram and Captan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended spacing for late season variety planting?

    <p>45×30 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How often should irrigation be provided after transplanting?

    <p>Every 15 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of applying Treflan before transplanting?

    <p>To control both monocot and dicot weeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should Knol-Khol be harvested?

    <p>When the swollen stem reaches a diameter of 5-8 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom indicates an infection from the Diamond Back Moth?

    <p>Holes in leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is associated with Damping off disease?

    <p>Seedlings rotting at the ground level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the control measure for Aphids?

    <p>Spray Malathion(0.1%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the yield range for late season variety per hectare?

    <p>200 to 250 Q/Ha</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • Knol-Khol is a cool-season crop with an edible stem and knob.
    • The knob is a thickened tissue above the cotyledons.
    • Its origin is in the Mediterranean region, and it is commonly grown in West Europe, North America, Japan, and India.

    Taxonomy

    • Knol-Khol is classified as Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes belonging to the Brassicaceae family.

    Nutritive Value

    • Knol-Khol offers a range of nutrients including protein, carbohydrates, fat, calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, vitamins C and E, riboflavin, and thiamine.

    Varieties

    • Various varieties include Early White Vienna, Early Purple Vienna, White Vienna, Purple Vienna, King of North, Large Green, and Palam Tender Knob.
    • Each variety has specific features including growing time, size, and color of the knob.

    Area and Distribution

    • Knol-Khol's cultivation is not widespread, mostly found in the Mediterranean region, West Europe, North America, Japan, and India.
    • In India, it is primarily grown in states such as Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, and Madhya Pradesh.

    Climate

    • Knol-Khol thrives in cool climates and can tolerate frost and cold temperatures.
    • Seeds germinate best at 15° to 20°C.

    Soil and Field Preparation

    • Suitable soils are sandy loam and clay loam with a pH of 5.5 to 6.8.
    • Proper field preparation involves 5-6 ploughings for good tilth.

    Manures and Fertilizers

    • The recommended application includes 200 Q/Ha of FYM and 100 kg/Ha of nitrogen, 85 kg/Ha of phosphorus, and 170 kg/Ha of potassium.
    • FYM is applied 4-6 weeks before transplanting.

    Seed Rate and Treatment

    • The seed rate for one hectare is 1-1.5 kg.
    • Seed treatment involves using Thiram (2g) and Captan (2g).

    Raising of Nursery

    • Prepare a nursery bed of 3m x 1m, 15 cm high from the ground.
    • Sow seeds 1 cm deep, and spray Thiodon (1.8 ml in 1 liter of water) 10 days after germination.
    • Use a 0.2% Captan solution to prevent damping off.

    Transplanting

    • Transplant 3-4 weeks old seedlings, preferably in September or October in North India.

    Spacing

    • Early season varieties: 30 x 20 cm.
    • Late season varieties: 45 x 30 cm.

    Irrigation

    • Irrigation is crucial, starting immediately after transplanting.
    • Irrigate every 15 days, avoiding heavy irrigation as it can crack the tubers.

    Intercultural Operations and Weed Control

    • Hoeing and weeding are required after each irrigation.
    • Earthing up is done 25-30 days after transplanting.
    • Pre-transplant application of Treflan (Trifluralin @ 0.5 litre/Ha) and Semeron (Desmetrayne @ 1kg/Ha) controls weeds.

    Harvesting

    • Harvest when the swollen stem reaches 5-8 cm in diameter.
    • Harvest before the tuber matures.
    • Harvest 2-3 times a week using a sharp knife or sickle.

    Yield

    • Early season variety: 125 to 175 Q/Ha.
    • Late season variety: 200 to 250 Q/Ha.

    Insect Pests

    • Diamond Back Moth (Plutella xylostella L.)
      • Caterpillars feed on leaves, leaving holes.
      • Control: Thiodone 35 EC (0.03%) repeated every 10 days.
    • Aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae)
      • Aphids suck sap from leaves, hindering plant growth.
      • Control: Spray Malathion (0.1%), Monocrotophos (0.03%), or Endosulfan (0.05%).
    • Cutworms (Agrotis ipsilon)
      • Cutworms chew foliage and cut stems at ground level.
      • Control: Malathion (25 kg/Ha).

    Diseases

    • Damping Off (Pythium aphanidermatum)
      • This soil-borne disease causes seedlings to rot and fall over.
      • Control: Spray Carbendazin (1g) and Benomil (1g).
    • Downy Mildew (Peronospora sparsa)
      • Leaves have light green to yellow spots on the upper surface.
      • Control: Apply Mancozeb (0.25).

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    Scientific Cultivation of Knol-Khol 2024-25 PDF

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    This quiz explores the cool-season crop Knol-Khol, including its origin, taxonomy, and nutritious value. You will learn about the various varieties of Knol-Khol and their specific features. Test your knowledge on the cultivation areas and distribution of this unique vegetable.

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