Science11_Q1_Mod2of8_Earth and Earth System_v2.pdf

11 Earth & Life Science Earth and Life Science - Grade 11/12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Quarter 1 – Module 2: Earth and Earth System First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, pr...

11 Earth & Life Science Earth and Life Science - Grade 11/12 Self-Learning Module (SLM) Quarter 1 – Module 2: Earth and Earth System First Edition, 2020 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalties. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Development Team of the Module Writer: Sheary Flor F. Esprela Editors: Sheary Flor F. Esprela Reviewers: Laforeza L. Maguate, John Jerson P. Constantino Illustrator: Ella Marie Corpuz, Graciel Monica V. Padre-i Layout Artist: Maylene F. Grigana Cover Art Designer: Ian Caesar E. Frondoza Management Team: Allan G. Farnazo, CESO IV – Regional Director Fiel Y. Almendra, CESO V – Assistant Regional Director Gildo G. Mosqueda, CEO VI - Schools Division Superintendent Diosdado F. Ablanido, CPA – Assistant Schools Division Superintendent Gilbert B. Barrera – Chief, CLMD Arturo D. Tingson Jr. – REPS, LRMS Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, ADM Peter Van C. Ang-ug – REPS, Science Donna S. Panes – Chief, CID Elizabeth G. Torres – EPS, LRMS Judith B. Alba – EPS, ADM Norma P. Rendon – EPS, Science Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN Region Office Address: Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893 E-mail Address: [email protected] Introductory Message This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson. Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by- step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you. Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer the post test to self check your learning. Answer keys are provided for each activity and test. - - We trust that you will be honest in using these. In addition to the material in the main text, notes to the Teachers are also provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can best help you on your home - based learning. Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing each task. If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Thank you. ii  What I Need to Know Hi! Planet Earth is known to be the only habitable planet in the solar system and the entire universe. You can see its huge oceans, rivers, lakes, and other bodies of water where you can find diverse aquatic and marine species, you also feel the air you breathe, the landmasses where humans live and the places where all living things exist. Images of how earth’s subsystems interact with each other In this module, you will gain knowledge that Earth consists of four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter and energy flow. It has its own system composed of four major subsystems called spheres. After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. Identify the four major components of the Earth system and give examples from their local study site 2. Infer connections among elements of the of each major components by describing connections at their local study site; and 3. Predict some ways that changes in one element of the study site might affect changes in other elements. 4. Explain how matter and energy transfer happen in the system 1  How to learn from this module I know you are excited to start this adventure just as I am, but remember to do the following tips to successfully achieve the objectives of this learning kit. 1. Read the instructions carefully. 2. Follow the instructions carefully. 3. Answer the pretest before you start the lesson. 4. Take note and record points for clarifications. 5. Seriously answer the given questions in pretest and posttests and try to achieve the level of proficiency at 75% or more. 6. Work diligently and honestly. What I Know To start off, you have to answer the pretest for you to measure how much you know about the topic. You can start now. There are 20 questions. Each question has ONLY ONE CORRECT ANSWER. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct answer. Each question is worth 1 point. Read each question fully and carefully. Take your time. GOOD LUCK! 1. All living things on earth are part of the… A. Biosphere B. Lithosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Atmosphere 2. The Lithosphere is… A. All liquid water on Earth B. A 100km thick layer of gases C. Frozen water on earth D. Earth’s entire solid body 3. A large part of Earth’s water is… A. In the oceans B. In the seas C. Frozen D. In the biosphere 2 4. Animals and plants needing water to survive show which two systems interacting? A. Lithosphere and biosphere B. Hydrosphere and lithosphere C. Biosphere ad hydrosphere D. Atmosphere and biosphere 5. “Bio” from the word biosphere means… A. Science B. Math C. Earth D. Life 6. Most of the earth’s water is A. Fresh water found underground B. In the atmosphere C. Salt water D. In rivers and lakes 7. Part of the atmosphere that protects us form the direct hit of solar radiation A. Air B. Ozone Layer C. Gases D. Water 8. “Hydro” means… A. Sphere B. Earth C. Life D. Water 9. Photosynthesis is an example of an interaction between the biosphere and the: A. Atmosphere B. Lithosphere C. Biosphere D. Hydrosphere 10. What is the Earth’s largest subsystem? A. Biosphere B. Lithosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Atmosphere 11. What is the Earth’s outermost system? A. Atmosphere B. Hydrosphere C. Biosphere D. Lithosphere 12. The earth’s four subsystems are… A. Independent from one another B. All part of the atmosphere C. All connected 3  D. Not important for life on earth 13. Approximately, what percentage of the Earth’s water is available for human use? A. 100% B. 5% C. 1% D. 50% 14. All of the water in all forms that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth is known as: A. Rain B. Precipitation C. Weather D. Hydrosphere 15. Fresh water is important for life on Earth because: A. Without fresh water sources, people will get sick and die B. We need water to grow food C. The biosphere needs water D. All of the above 16. This photo is mainly showing an example of the: A. Hydrosphere B. Lithosphere C. Atmosphere D. Biosphere 17. What is an example of a connection between ATMOsphere and LITHOsphere? A. Water B. Nitrogen C. Volcanic Eruptions release Gas D. Mountains 18. An example of connection between ATMOsphere and HYDROsphere A. Rivers B. Rain C. Lakes D. Rocks 19. An example of BIOsphere connecting to ATMOsphere A. Plants produce oxygen B. Animals eat plants 4  C. Animals live in caves D. Animals drink water 20. An example of connection between HYDROsphere and LITHOsphere is: A. Boats transporting goods B. Fish swimming in water C. Water evaporating to make clouds D. Waves eroding rocks on beach Notes to the Teacher Use video links and additional references for in depth discussion of the topic. Strategies such as differentiated instruction, ICT integration may also be utilize especially in presenting the main idea. Make sure to check individual activity sheets and provide immediate feed backing. 5 Lesson 1 The Earth System Hello! Are you excited? Let’s explore! What’s In Scientists increasingly view Earth as a dynamic system – a combination of interrelated, interdependent or interacting parts forming a collective whole or entity. Earth system, in terms of its four central components known as the subsystems are the: hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (land), atmosphere (air) and biosphere (living thing). These subsystems are interconnected by processes and cycles, which, over time, intermittently store, transform and/or transfer matter and energy throughout the whole Earth system in ways that are governed by the laws of conservation of matter and energy. The energy that drives these processes comes mainly from the Sun and sometimes from energy sources within the Earth. COMPONENTS OR SUBSYTEMS OF THE EARTH SYSTEM 6 Hydrosphere (“hydro “means water) This covers about 75% of Earth’s surface, including groundwater and Earth’s frozen water (the cryosphere) and almost 1% of the water is drinkable. The Oceans help regulate climate by absorbing large amounts of solar energy, particularly near the equator, and circulating heat towards the poles. Water constantly circulates between the hydrosphere, the lithosphere, and the atmosphere through water cycle processes. Lithosphere (“litho” means stone or rock) Made up of plates and it includes all the solid part of the Earth that covers approximately 10% of earth’s surface and deeply affects every part of the ecosystem. It extends up to the inner core of the planet. Soil supports billions of plants, animals, and microorganisms, it filters water, and it facilitates the decomposition of wastes. This holds air, water, heat, and nutrients and is the medium in which we grow food and fiber. It is responsible for the formation of many landforms through its endogenic activities. Atmosphere (“atmos” means vapor) This component is the blanket of gas that surrounds Earth. This distributes rain and traps some of the heat radiated by Earth to help keep us warm. It also protects us from harmful solar radiation through the ozone layer, and plays a role in driving ocean currents that redistribute Earth’s heat. Component layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Biosphere (“bio” means life) It consists of all living things, plants and animals, from microbes to humans. This is intimately connected with and dependent on the other spheres. Through processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decay, and human activity such as burning forests or fossil fuels, the biosphere continuously exchanges gases with the atmosphere. Human activities can also cause changes in land and water use. To the extent that the biosphere modifies the other components of the Earth system, it can also modify Earth’s climate. 7  What is It Activity: Think Globally, Act Locally In this activity, you will investigate Earth systems by making observations in nature and identifying systems in the natural world. Materials: Student Capture Sheet Guiding Questions What “systems” are found on Earth? How do Earth’s systems interact? Engage - Nature Walk Observations Procedures: 1. Take an outside nature walk for 5-10 minutes. As you walk, record at least five observations. What do you see? What’s going on outside today? What do you see happening in nature? Have you noticed any changes in nature around your home or school? Your observations might seem simple or obvious, but they will be important later on. 2. Look for the components of Earth systems (water, soil, air, living things, sun). Identify the system that each observation falls into on your data capture sheet. 3. Observe in more detail and describe the interactions between the systems. Write the observation. Draw arrows with notes explaining the connections between parts based on that observation. Observation System 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 8  What’s More Continue your nature walk for few more minutes. Name something from each spheres of the Earth system (lithosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, atmosphere) that you interact with every day. __________________________ _____________________________ __________________________ _____________________________ __________________________ _____________________________ Explain How do those things impact your life? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________. After seeing many examples, what conclusions about Earth’s systems can you make? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________. When human population in your study site increases, how would this affects the rest of the system? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________. Interconnections and Processes Matter Transfer At the local level, there are many simple examples of interconnections between components and the elements of the Earth system. The roots of the plants (biosphere) draw water and nutrients from the lithosphere, exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis, and send water into the atmosphere through the process of transpiration. Plants also die and decompose to become part of the lithosphere. Water evaporates from rivers (hydrosphere) and the soil (lithosphere) to become part of the atmosphere. Oxygen in the atmosphere dissolves in a river (hydrosphere). Fish (biosphere) draw dissolved oxygen into their bodies from the hydrosphere. Energy Transfer In addition to the exchanges of matter, the transfer of energy is a key process of the Earth system. The sun warms the lithosphere, which transfers its heat to the atmosphere; warmed air transfers heat to cooler land surfaces; evaporation from a 9 lake (hydrosphere) transfer heat to the atmosphere; rivers and ocean currents redistribute heat energy; precipitation can warm or cool the lithosphere on which it falls. Change Leads to Change Because of the interconnectedness, changes in one sphere bring about changes in the others. Sometimes these changes are dramatic. Droughts (atmosphere) can cause severe changes in the hydrosphere, the biosphere, and the lithosphere. Frequently these changes are more subtle. Heavy rain also changes the amount of soil moisture and frequent raining leads to erosions in the lithosphere. These are some examples of change in one sphere leads to change on the other spheres. What I Have Learned Hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. A planet's hydrosphere can be liquid, vapor, or ice. On Earth, liquid water exists on the surface in the form of oceans, lakes and rivers. Lithosphere is the rocky outer part of the Earth. It is made up of the brittle crust and the top part of the upper mantle. The lithosphere is the coolest and most rigid part of the Earth. The biosphere is a global ecosystem composed of living organisms (biota) and the abiotic (nonliving) factors from which they derive energy and nutrients. Atmosphere the gaseous envelope surrounding the earth; the air. What I Can Do Evaluate Match these words inside the box that correspond to the system below. Water, earth materials, air, living things Hydrosphere =___________________________ Biosphere = ___________________________ Atmosphere = ___________________________ Lithosphere = ___________________________ 10  Assessment 1. An example of BIOsphere connecting to ATMOsphere A. Plants produce oxygen B. Animals eat plants C. Animals live in caves D. Animals drink water 2. An example of connection between HYDROsphere and LITHOsphere is: A. Boats transporting goods B. Fish swimming in water C. Water evaporating to make clouds D. Waves eroding rocks on beach 3. What is an example of a connection between ATMOsphere and LITHOsphere? A. Water B. Nitrogen C. Volcanic Eruptions release Gas D. Mountains 4. An example of connection between ATMOsphere and HYDROsphere A. Rivers B. Rain C. Lakes D. Rocks 5. This photo is mainly showing an example of the: A. Hydrosphere B. Lithosphere C. Atmosphere D. Biosphere 6. Fresh water is important for life on Earth because: A. Without fresh water sources, people will get sick and die B. We need water to grow food C. The biosphere needs water D. All of the above 7. Approximately, what percentage of the Earth’s water is available for human use? A. 100% B. 5% 11  C. 1% D. 50% 8. All of the water in all forms that falls from the atmosphere to the Earth is known as: A. Rain B. Precipitation C. Weather D. Hydrosphere 9. All living things on earth are part of the… A. Biosphere B. Lithosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Atmosphere 10. “Bio” from the word biosphere means… A. Science B. Math C. Earth D. Life 11. Part of the atmosphere that protects us form the direct hit of solar radiation A. Air B. Ozone Layer C. Gases D. Water 12. The Lithosphere is… A. All liquid water on Earth B. A 100km thick layer of gases C. Frozen water on earth D. Earth’s entire solid body 13. “Hydro” means… A. Sphere B. Earth C. Life D. Water 14. The earth’s four subsystems are… A. Independent from one another B. All part of the atmosphere C. All connected D. Not important for life on earth 15. A large part of Earth’s water is… A. In the oceans B. In the seas C. Frozen D. In the biosphere 16. What is the Earth’s largest subsystem? A. Biosphere 12  B. Lithosphere C. Hydrosphere D. Atmosphere 17. Photosynthesis is an example of an interaction between the biosphere and the: A. Atmosphere B. Lithosphere C. Biosphere D. Hydrosphere 18. Animals and plants needing water to survive show which two systems interacting? A. Lithosphere and biosphere B. Hydrosphere and lithosphere C. Biosphere ad hydrosphere D. Atmosphere and biosphere 19. What is the Earth’s outermost system? A. Atmosphere B. Hydrosphere C. Biosphere D. Lithosphere 20. Most of the earth’s water is A. Fresh water found underground B. In the atmosphere C. Salt water D. In rivers and lakes 13  Additional Activities Performance Task: Create a poster/illustration that represents your environment showing the interactions among the four spheres. RUBRIC FOR REPORT MAKING Category 10 8 6 4 Contributions Provides useful ideas Usually Sometimes Rarely provides when doing group provides ideas provides ideas ideas to the work. A real leader in group work. in group group. May even who contributes a lot A strong work. A refuse to of effort. member who satisfactory participate. tries hard. group member who does what is required. Quality of Work Provides excellent Provides high Provides work Provides work quality of work quality work that needs to that usually be rechecked needs to be by group redone or members. rechecked by others. Time management Uses time well and has Uses time well Tends to Rarely gets things completed on but may have procrastinate things done by time. Deadlines and procrastinated but still meets deadlines and responsibilities are on an item but deadlines. had to change followed. deadlines were responsibilities still met. in the group to ensure time management. Attitude Never is publicly Rarely is Occasionally Often is critical critical of any ones’ publicly critical is publicly publicly and idea, opinions or work. and usually critical and often has a Always has a positive has a positive usually has a negative attitude attitude about the attitude. positive toward the task task. attitude. Focus to task Continuously stays Focuses to the Focuses to the Rarely focuses focused to the task. task most of task some of on the task. Lets Very self-motivated. the time. Can the time. others do the be depended Others need work. on to complete to encourage, a task. prod and remind this person to stay on task 14  Answer Key Assessment What I Know.A 1 A 1..B 2 D 2..C 3 A 3..B 4 A 4..B 5 D 5..D 6 C 6..C 7 B 7..B 8 D 8..A 9 A 9.. D 10 B10.. B 11 A11.. D 12 C12.. D 13 C13.. C 14 B14.. A 15 D15.. B 16 B16.. A 17 C17.. C 18 B18.. A 19 A 19.. C 20 B 20. References https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/1256-what-is-the-earth-system https://gpm.nasa.gov/education/lesson-plans/connect-spheres-earth-systems-interactions https://www.google.com/search?q=saltation&oq=saltation&aqs=chrome..69i57j69i59.3048j0j7&sou rceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8 15  DISCLAIMER This Self learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd SOCCSKSARGEN with - the primary objective of preparing for and addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in the production of this module. This is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and recommendations. For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education SOCCSKSARGEN – Learning Resource Management System (LRMS) Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893 Email Address: [email protected] 16