Science, Technology, and Society PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Lesson 1: Nature and - Explanation, understanding, prediction, control Relationship of Science,...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Lesson 1: Nature and - Explanation, understanding, prediction, control Relationship of Science, LANGUAGE Technology, and Society - Mathematics and technical vocabulary TOOLS SCIENCE - Uses instruments and - From Latin “Scientia”- Knowledge technologies - It is system of acquiring knowledge COMMUNITY based on the scientific method, as - Discipline, education, well as the organized body of credentials, careers, patrons, knowledge gained through such societies, “turf” research. PROCESS - Science sometimes termed as pure - Organized, but very diverse science to differentiate it from activity shaped by social, applied science, which is the forces and historical change application of scientific research to specific human needs. Science is shaped by social forces and historical change. While seeing objectivity, CONTENT science also shapes culture. - Body of organized knowledge about nature TECHNOLOGY METHOD - From Greek word “Technologia” - Obtains knowledge, theory, Techne (art, craft, skill), & Logia and law, through test, (word) experiment of - Application of scientific knowledge observation/hypotesis in a for practical purposes that can be a logical, mathematical, and product, design and process that technological means, affect the quality of life. (SCIENTIFIC METHOD) ATTITUDE INVENTIONS/ARTIFACTS/HARDWARE. - Organized and systematic - Products fabricated by skepticism humans to meet specific GOALS  needs. Tools, machines, Science is a way of KNOWING while implements Technology is a way of DOING PROCESS/DESIGN/METHOD - A system of tacit and explicit SOCIETY knowledge, techniques, and - The term society emerged in the materials utilized in using, fifteenth century and is derived from making, or repairing a the French société. certain kind of artifact. - The French word, in turn, had its A HUMAN CULTURAL ACTIVITY OR origin in the Latin societas, a PROFESSION “friendly association with others,” - E.g. military or civil from socius meaning “companion, engineers, crafters, associate, comrade or business machinists. partner. A TOTAL SOCIETAL ENTERPRISE - A society is a group of individuals, - E.g. “American technological which is characterized by common know-how.” R&D, invention, interest and may have distinctive patronage, mass production, culture an institutions. and mass consumption. INTERACTION OF SCIENCE, Interconnection between SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY & SOCIETY - Science explores for the purpose of knowing, while technology explores A. Science - Technology (Sci - Tech) for the purpose of making Interaction something useful from that - The study on radiation, knowledge. electricity, sound, light, - Science drives technology by semiconductors, etc. lead to making new technology possible the invention of cellphones through scientific breakthroughs. - Without science, technology could B. Technology - Society (Tech - Soc) not proceed Interaction - Without technology, some science - Cellphone enables society to experiments would not be possible communicate fast and to transfer information even between far places.  C. Science - Society (Sci - Soc) What is STS? Interaction - Study of how social, political, - Further “studies” on and cultural values affects cellphones can help society scientific research and transfer bigger information technological innovation and at a cheaper cost how these in turn affect society, politics, and culture - Science informs in Technology - Technology demands more in From CHED Memorandum Order Science No.20 - Technology makes life easier in - Science, Technology, and Society is Society an interdisciplinary course engages - Society demands more in Science students to confront the realities - Science seeks to improve in brought about by science and Society technology in society. Such realities pervade the personal, the public, Technology is the use or application of and te global aspects of our living scientific knowledge fr a specific goal or and are integral to human purpose development. Scientific knowledge and technological development happen in the conext of society with all its socio-political, culutral, economic, and philosophical underpinnings at play. This course seeks to instill reflective knowledge in the students that they are able to live the good life and display ethical decision-maing in the face of scientific and technological advancement. - This course includes mandatory topics on climate change and environmental awareness.  Neolithic Period (New Stone Age) Lesson 2: Historical - Ancient humans switched from hunter/gatherer mode to agriculture Development of Science and food production and Technology - They domesticated animals and cultivated cereal grains; application of mechanical principles was PREHISTORIC PERIOD achieved by pottery-making - It is generally categorized in three - They used polished hand axes, adzes archaeological periods: the Stone for ploughing and tilling the land and Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. started to settle in te plains - Advancements were made not only STONE AGE in tools but also in farming, home - Used to work the other tools and construction and art, including could be though of as the first pottery, sewing and weaving “machine tool” - Mathematics & Astronomy were linked as marks on artifacts are Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) interpreted as tally marks or - Humans were always on the counters, as calendars, and as move and lived in caves records of the lunar cycle - They cooked their prey using uncontrolled fire BRONZE AGE - Used basic stone and bone - The first period in which metal was tools used - Used burins or engraving - Chalcolithic Age used pure copper tools - Metalworking advances were made, as bronze, a copper and tin alloy, Mesolithic Period (Middle Stone Age) was discovered - Humans used microliths or the small - Advances in architecture and art, stone tools that are polished and including the invention of the sometimes crafted with points to potter’s wheel, and textiles serve as spears and arrows - Organized government, law and - Agriculture was introduced which led warfare, as well as beginnings of to more permanent settlements in religion villages IRON AGE - Period when people used iron for Sumerian Civilization tools and weapons - Developed the first - Iron smelting technology was a handwriting system known as major innovation CUNEIFORM - Abundance of cast iroon tools - The sumerians built the City allowed farmers to increase of Uruk using mud or clay agricultural production from the river, mixed with - This period reshaped the warfare, reeds, producing sunbaked trade and environment bricks What are the major impacts o the Babylonian Civilization advancement in tools and technologies in - They developed and used te prehistoric society? mathematical models to Human survival track the planet Jupiter and Migration Pattern developed methods of Social Organization tracking time What technological advancements were Assyrian Civilization crucial in the transition from nomadic - The focused on warfare hunter-gatherer societies to settled tactics and technologies agricultural communities? - They were the first army to - Improvements in tools, permanent have a seperate engineering housing, irrigation, ploughs, unit, which would set up domestication of plants and animals, ladders and ramps, fill in and pottery for storage made it moats, and dig tunnels to possible for nomadic agricultural help the soldiers get into a communities to become established. walled city Akkadian Civilization ANCIENT PERIOD - They created the first empire Mesopotamia Civilization in Ancient Mesopotamia - Mesopotamia is located in the fertile - Agriculture was the basic valleys between Tigris and Euphrates economic activity river Egyptian Civilization Greek Civilization Architecture - They constructed Doric, Ionic and - Known for the construction of Corinthian columns. The Partheon is PYRAMIDS and other monuments the famous example Science Arts - Specialized in ASTRONOMY and - Human sculpture in a simple MATHEMATICS that helped the in standing or static pose carved in constructing pyramids stones are the most clearly Greek innovations Communication - They contributed the use of paper or Science ad Astronomy PAPYRUS, which are thin sheets that - Greek Scientists were proposed, are less breakable and lighter than tested and debate, even rejected by clay tablets many. Greek thinkers are - Egyptians developed a system of Archimedes, Aristotle writing using symbols known as HIEROGLYPHICS Inventions - The major inventions are the Alarm Ancient Chinese Civilization Clock and Water Mill Science - Chinese Science is linked with Roman Civilization ASTRONOMY and MATHEMATICS. - They adopted the Greek Architecture During the time of Confucius, and made buildings such as Chinese astronomers calculated the Basilica, Monumental Aqueduct, occurrence of eclipses Amphitheater and Granary Building that are intricately Inventions decorative - Gunpowder, Paper, Woodblock Printing, Compass Architecture - Amphitheater were used for Roman entertainment Mathematics Art & Architecture - The Roman Numeral System is the - Cathedrals were the largest most recognized contribution buildings in mediaval Europe, and they could be found at the center of Communication owns and cities across the continent - The first newspaper in this - Craftsmen in monasteries created civilization is the daily gazette, illuminated manuscripts: handmade called Acta Diurna which were sacred and secular books with engraved in metal or stone tablets colored illustrations, gold silver lettering and other adornments. Record Keeping - Produced the first books or CODEX, Power Source/ Agriculture which were made or stacked up - The invention of the horseshoe, the papyrus to form pages of books padded, rigid horse collar, and the stirrup, the horse was transformed What are the major impacts of the as a source of energy advancement in tools and technologies in - Even more significant was the the society of the ancient civilizations? success of mediaval technology in - Organization of the society/ Social harnessing water and wind power Organization - Watermill and windmill brought a MEDIAVAL PERIOD/ MIDDLE AGE greater mechanical power which was - It is the period in European History applied in making clocks and other from the collapse of Roman devices Civilization in the 5th century to the period of the Renaissance (14th Crafts century) - Spinning wheel was introduced in - It is also known as Dark Age or Age the woolen cloth industry of Faith in which no scientific - Soap making appeared accomplishments had been made - Coal industry developed and the Church became the powerful institution Transportation - Middle ages produced a decisive technological achievement: the creation of reliable oceangoing ship  depending entirely on wind power by - Johannes Gutenberg printing modifying the sails press - Magnetic compass provided a means of checking navigation on the Scientific Revolution open seas in any weather - 16th and 17th centuries - It was the emergence of modern MODERN PERIOD science with developments in - It lasted from 1500 up to present mathematics, physics, astronomy, - Early Modern Period biology, and chemistry - Renaissance - Appearance of Universities - Scientific Revolution - Introduction and Rapid - Age of Enlightenment Dissemination of movable type - Mid Modern Period (The Age of printing Invention) - The foundation of Scientific - 1st Industrial Revolution Societies - 2nd Industrial Revolution - The Establishment of Scientific - Contemporary Modern Period (19th, Journals 20th, 21st centuries) - First Issue of Scientific Journal by - 3rd Industrial Revolution Royal Society - 4th Industrial Revolution Age of Enlightenment / Age of Reason Renaissance - It was an intellectual movement - “Rebirth” period European (17th & 18th centuries) which Civilization immediately following advocated freedom, democracy and the Middle Ages and have been reason as the primary values of characterized by a surge of interest society in classical scholarship and values - Isaac Newton published his - Mathematical concepts from “Principia Mathematica” (1686) and Nicolaus Copernicus, Harvey, Kepler, John Locke his “Essy Concerning Galileo and Newton Human Understanding” (1686)-two - Substitution of the Copernican for works that provided the scientific, the Ptolemaic system of Astronomy mathematical and philosophical - Development of first mechanized toolkit for the Enlightenment’s major printing press that uses ink paper advances  - A lot of notable inventions were Second Industrial Revolution ( 1870 - made during this period, especially 1914) industrial machines, which made it - Innovation of internal combustion possible for machine to perform the engine led to the production of works that human labors have been automobiles and airplanes performing before - Steel production; advances in - It began in the 17th century, in electricity Britain when agricultural societies became more industrialized and Third Industrial Revolution or Digital urban until it spread to the rest of Revolution ( 1950 - early 20th century) the world including United States - Started the digitalization as it introduce First Industrial Revolution (1760 - 1840) - Brought forth the rise of electronics - Textile manufacturing became more including semiconductors efficient as result of innovations like - Powerful computing was possible by the flying shuttle, the spinning jenn, the development of integrated the water frame and the power loom circuit (IC) in the 1950’s - Early 1700, Thomas Newcomen - Emergence of nuclear energy designed the prototype for the first modern steam engine Fourth Industrial Revolution - In 1760’s, James Watt with Matthew - There is a convergence of digital, Boulton invented a steam engine biological and physical innovations with a rotary motion - Artificial intelligence (AI), - Ideas and news spread via voice-activated assistants, robotics, newspaper, the radio and telegraph genetic engineering, augmented - Long-distance transportation reality (AR), robotics, and 3-D networks connected by rail, printing steamship an canals oopened new markets for farmers, factory owners EVOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL and bankers who could bring PRODUCTION America’s natural resources to a - The 1st Industrial Revolution global marketplace mechanized production using water and steam - The 2nd industrial Revolution introduced mass production with the help of electricity - The 3rd industrial revolution was the digital revolution with the use of electronics and IT to automate production - The 4th industrial revolution cyber physical systems will communicate with one another using the Internet of things