Science and Technology in Society

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Questions and Answers

What advancements were crucial for transitioning from nomadic to agricultural communities?

Improved navigation techniques and mapmaking

Development of writing systems for communication

Advanced warfare tactics and training

Domestication of plants and animals (correct)

Which civilization is known for its significant focus on warfare tactics and technologies?

Assyrian Civilization (correct)

Egyptian Civilization

Akkadian Civilization

Greek Civilization

What was a primary economic activity in the Akkadian Civilization?

Textile production

Metalworking and tool creation

Trade with neighboring regions

Agriculture (correct)

Which construction style is attributed to Greek Civilization?

Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns Signup and view all the answers

What geographical feature is significant to the Mesopotamian Civilization?

Fertile valleys between Tigris and Euphrates Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of applied science?

The application of scientific research to human needs Signup and view all the answers

How is science defined in the content provided?

A systematic approach for acquiring knowledge. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does science interact with culture according to the content?

Science shapes culture while aiming for objectivity. Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to distinguish pure science from applied science?

Basic science Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of science is influenced by social forces and historical change?

The content and practice of science Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated as a crucial part of the scientific process?

Mathematics and technical vocabulary Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'scientific method' refer to?

A systematic framework for conducting research. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the term 'community' in the context of science?

An organized, yet diverse group shaped by various factors. Signup and view all the answers

What role does technology play in scientific experiments?

Some scientific experiments can only be conducted with technology. Signup and view all the answers

How do cellphones impact society according to the content?

Cellphones allow for communication over long distances and quick information transfer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the study of Science, Technology, and Society (STS)?

Understanding how social, political, and cultural values influence scientific research and technology. Signup and view all the answers

What influence does society have on science and technology?

Society demands more advancements in science. Signup and view all the answers

What does technology demand from science?

More scientific advancements to fulfill its potential. Signup and view all the answers

How can further studies on cellphones benefit society?

By enhancing the capacity for information transfer at a lower cost. Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the outcomes of the complex relationship between society and science?

Science seeks to improve human conditions. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does technology relate to community interaction?

Technology enhances interaction and communication within communities. Signup and view all the answers

What technological advancement marked the transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic period?

Domestication of animals Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the main activity during the Mesolithic period?

Use of polished and small stone tools Signup and view all the answers

How did the development of irrigation during the Neolithic period influence human settlements?

It resulted in permanent settlements. Signup and view all the answers

Which period is characterized as the first time metal was used by humans?

Bronze Age Signup and view all the answers

What was a major innovation during the Iron Age?

Iron smelting technology Signup and view all the answers

What type of tools did Neolithic humans primarily develop for agriculture?

Polished hand axes and adzes Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of advancements in mathematics and astronomy in prehistoric times?

Improved agricultural calendar systems Signup and view all the answers

Which civilization is known for developing the first handwriting system?

Sumerian Civilization Signup and view all the answers

What role did pottery-making play during the prehistory?

Facilitated food storage and cooking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following innovations occurred during the Bronze Age?

Construction of mudbrick cities Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant technological development during the Middle Ages that utilized water and wind power?

Watermill Signup and view all the answers

Which period marks the beginning of the transition to industrialization in the late 18th century?

First Industrial Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of the Scientific Revolution in the 16th and 17th centuries?

Emergence of modern science Signup and view all the answers

What invention is credited to Johannes Gutenberg during the Renaissance?

Movable type printing press Signup and view all the answers

What advancement did the 2nd Industrial Revolution contribute to transportation?

Automobiles Signup and view all the answers

What best characterizes the Age of Enlightenment?

Advocacy for freedom and democracy Signup and view all the answers

Which industrial revolution introduced significant advancements in electronics and IT?

Third Industrial Revolution Signup and view all the answers

Which technological advancement was key in the agricultural transformation during the First Industrial Revolution?

Flying shuttle Signup and view all the answers

What major technological change distinguished the Fourth Industrial Revolution?

Convergence of various innovations Signup and view all the answers

What role did the magnetic compass play during the Middle Ages?

Enabled accurate navigation at sea Signup and view all the answers

Which period is recognized for the emergence of scientific societies?

Age of Enlightenment Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the earliest inventions during the Middle Ages used in textile production?

Spinning wheel Signup and view all the answers

What characterized the transition from agricultural societies to industrialized urban societies?

Development of reliable shipping Signup and view all the answers

Which scientific concept from the Renaissance replaced the Ptolemaic system?

Heliocentric theory Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Science and Technology Definitions

Science is derived from the Latin word "scientia", meaning "knowledge".
Science is a system of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method.
Technology utilizes tools and instruments created by using science.
Society influences science and technology through funding, social values, and cultural norms.

The Role of Science and Technology in Society

Science and technology have a reciprocal relationship, each influencing the other.
Science drives technological innovation, while technological advancements create new possibilities for scientific research.
Technology facilitates societal communication, like cell phones enabling faster and more accessible information transfer.

Science, Technology, and Society (STS)

STS is an interdisciplinary field.
STS examines the interplay between social, political, and cultural factors that impact scientific research and technological innovation.
STS analyzes how science and technology influence society, politics, and culture.

Prehistoric Period

The prehistoric period encompasses the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age.
The Stone Age is further divided into the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age), and Neolithic (New Stone Age) periods.
The Neolithic period saw the shift from hunter-gatherer lifestyles to agrarian societies.
Innovations in tools like polished axes and adzes, pottery-making, and agriculture led to more permanent settlements.
Early mathematical and astronomical understandings developed, as evidenced by tally marks and lunar cycle records.

Ancient Period

The Ancient period witnessed the rise and decline of various civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and other parts of the world.
Mesopotamia:
- The Sumerian civilization developed the Cuneiform writing system.
- The Sumerians built cities using sunbaked bricks.
- The Babylonians developed mathematical models for tracking celestial bodies and timekeeping.
- The Assyrians advanced warfare tactics and technologies, including engineering units for siege warfare.
- The Akkadians established the first empire in Mesopotamia.
Egypt:
- Egyptian architecture was notable for the construction of pyramids and other monumental structures.
- Egyptian society had a hierarchical organization.
Greece:
- The Greeks constructed distinctive Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian columns in their architecture
- The Greeks developed advanced mathematical and philosophical concepts.
- The success of medieval technology in harnessing water and wind power through the use of watermills and windmills led to greater mechanical power, applied in making clocks and other devices.

Medieval Period

The Medieval period is characterized by innovations in crafts, transportation, and scientific advancements.
Crafts:
- The spinning wheel was introduced in wool production.
- Soap-making techniques developed.
- The coal industry emerged.
Transportation:
- The creation of reliable oceangoing ships using wind power was a major achievement.
- The magnetic compass revolutionized navigation.
The development of printing presses and the publication of scientific journals marked the beginning of the scientific revolution.

Modern Period

The Modern period is divided into the Early Modern period, Mid Modern period, and Contemporary Modern period.
Early Modern Period:
- The Renaissance emphasized classical scholarship and values.
- Scientific advancements were made by figures like Nicolaus Copernicus, Galileo Galilei, Harvey, Kepler, and Newton.
- The Copernican system replaced the Ptolemaic system in astronomy.
Mid Modern Period:
- The first Industrial Revolution focused on mechanizing production using water and steam power.
- Innovations included the flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, power loom, and the first modern steam engine.
- The second Industrial Revolution introduced mass production through the use of electricity and internal combustion engines.
- The rise of automobiles, airplanes, and steel production marked this era.
Contemporary Modern Period:
- The third Industrial Revolution, or Digital Revolution, encompassed the development of electronics, semiconductors, and powerful computing technologies.
- The development of integrated circuits (ICs) in the 1950s was instrumental in enabling digital technology.
- Nuclear energy emerged as a source of power.
- The Fourth Industrial Revolution is characterized by the convergence of digital, biological, and physical innovations.
- Artificial intelligence (AI), voice-activated assistants, robotics, genetic engineering, augmented reality (AR), and 3D printing are key elements.

Evolution of Industrial Production

The 1st Industrial Revolution mechanized production using water and steam power.
The 2nd Industrial Revolution introduced mass production through electricity.
The 3rd Industrial Revolution, or Digital Revolution, automated production with electronics and IT.
The 4th Industrial Revolution utilizes cyber-physical systems with internet connectivity for interconnected communication and production.

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Description

Explore the definitions and roles of science and technology in our society. This quiz examines how these fields interact and influence each other while considering the social, political, and cultural factors at play. Test your knowledge on Science, Technology, and Society (STS).