Science notes 1.pdf

BIOLOGY Unit 1 Cell Structure & Function Warm-Up: TEKS # answer in the CHAT BOX for participation points! B.4(A) Warm-Up: TEKS # answer in the CHAT BOX fo...

BIOLOGY Unit 1 Cell Structure & Function Warm-Up: TEKS # answer in the CHAT BOX for participation points! B.4(A) Warm-Up: TEKS # answer in the CHAT BOX for participation points! B.4(A) Cell = Basic unit of structure and function for life Organisms rely on their cells to perform all the necessary functions of life. Organelles = tiny structures inside cells that carry out a specific function within the cell Analogy → Organs in the body Each of your organs performs a certain job for your body!  These organelles work together in as a system to provide various functions for the life of the cells System = set of connected parts that work together to form a cohesive whole Analogy → Car engine system of connected parts that each have a different job but worth work together to make the car move Overall goal of CELL SYSTEM = to make proteins All organelles work together in Proteins play many critical roles in the body and do most of the work including: the cell to make various proteins - Structure - Regulation - Transport - Enzymes - Support Based on the organization of their structure, ALL cells can be classified into TWO groups: PROKARY EUKARYO OTIC TIC  ⬢ The cytoskeleton give the cell structure and support. Cilia Microvilli Hair like Fingerlike filaments to extensions help cell move. Flagella Centrioles Very long Help during extensions cell division.. 10  PROKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions Cell membrane Cell wall Provides extra support Protects inside cell from outside for the cell. environment ; regulate what goes into and out of cell Traits of Prokaryotic cells A. Surrounded by cell membrane & cell wall  PROKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions Ribosome Makes proteins in the cell Traits of Prokaryotic cells B. Only organelle / structure inside are ribosomes  PROKARYOTIC - Structures & Remember! Functions PRO = NO! prokaryote = no nucleus DNA Genetic information = code for how cells are built and function Traits of Prokaryotic cells C. No nucleus - DNA (genetic material) stored in cytoplasm  PROKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions Cytoplasm Fluid mixture that supports ribosome and DNA Traits of Prokaryotic cells D. Cytoplasm = fluid mixture of water, salts, and enzymes  PROKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions Cell membrane Cell wall Protects inside cell from outside environment ; Provides extra support for the cell. regulate what goes into and out of cell Ribosome Makes proteins in the cell Cytoplasm Fluid mixture that supports ribosome and DNA DNA Genetic information = code for how cells are built and function EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions Traits of Eukaryotic cells A. They all have a nucleus where the DNA (genetic information) is stored B. They have many organelles that work together to help the cell function C. Much more complex than prokaryotic cells D. They can be just one cell or can make up more complex multicellular organisms E. All plants, animals, fungi and protists are make of eukaryotic cells Analogy Cells can be compared to a school System = Cells System = School Components = building parts & people Components = Organelles Overall goal = to “make” students who Overall goal = To make proteins are ready to succeed in real world! Proteins are very diverse as the functions they serve (over 100,000 proteins in human body) Students are very diverse and will go on to do many different jobs in the real world! EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions A. Cell membrane School Analogy Protects inside cell from outside Outside building walls environment ; regulate what goes Protects inside of school from outside environment & into and out of cell regulates what goes in an out of school (via doors) EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions School Analogy B. Cytoplasm Gel-like substance that occupies space Floor, walls and ceilings around organelle, protected them from Supports desks, lockers, tables, and damage everything else within the school EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions C. Ribosomes School Analogy Makes proteins for the cell Teachers Teaches students information needed to succeed in the real world EUKARYOTIC - Structures & School Analogy Functions School handbook Contains all the procedures and policies for how the school will be run or controlled D. DNA Genetic information = code for how cells are built and function EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions E. Nucleus “Brain” of the cell - Contains the DNA code for how cell needs to function School Analogy Main office Controls all school functions and activities; runs the school EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions School Analogy Hallways Pass-ways that transport people around school F. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Transports proteins throughout the cells  EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions School Analogy Guidance/ Counselor office Sorts students into classes needed to graduate, provides guidance (“modifies”), prepares (“packages” students for real G. Golgi body world Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for either storage in and removal from the cell EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions School Analogy H. Lysosomes Custodian / Janitor Filled with enzymes that break down Cleans up trash around the school “junk”/old organelles that are not working  EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions I Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration where energy in food is School Analogy converted into energy cells need to function Electrical room Contains generator used to produce all the energy needed for the building EUKARYOTIC - Structures & Functions School Analogy J Vacuoles Lockers Stores materials such as water, salts and proteins Stores items for later use  All of these organelles are found in BOTH animal and plant cells! Animal cell Plant cell Ribosome Nucleus DNA Endoplasmic Reticulum Lysosome Cell membrane Cytoplasm Golgi body Mitochondria  However: J Central vacuole Differences in Plant cells Stores materials such as water, salts and proteins Vacuoles MUCH BIGGER in plant cells than in animal cells School Analogy Lockers Stores items for later use  However: Differences in Plant cells K Cell Wall Tough coating outside of cell membrane; provides extra support and protection to cell School Analogy Fence Provides extra protection for NO cell walls in Animal cells! the school  However: Differences in Plant cells L Chloroplast Site of photosynthesis; captures energy from the sun and converts to sugar or “food” = energy cell can use School Analogy School cafeteria Makes food for students NO chloroplast in Animal cells! Animal C Ribosomes H Lysosomes Cell E Nucleus I Mitochondria D DNA F Endoplasmic Reticulum G Golgi body B Cytoplasm J Vacuoles A Cell membrane  J Central Vacuole C Ribosomes E Nucleus Plant cell L Chloroplast D DNA K Cell wall F Endoplasmic A Cell Reticulum (ER) membrane G Golgi Body H Lysosome I Mitochondria B Cytoplasm  The function of the mitochondria is to provide energy for the cells. Where in the human body would you most likely find cells with a large number of mitochondria? I Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration School Analogy where energy in food is converted into energy cells Electrical room need to function Contains generator used to produce all the energy needed for the building  The function of the mitochondria is to provide energy for the cells. Where in the human body would you most likely find cells with a large number of mitochondria? I Mitochondria Site of cellular respiration where energy in food is converted into energy cells Muscle cells! need to function need lots of energy for movement! Exit Ticket: TEKS # answer in the CHAT BOX for participation points! B.4(A) Euglena Cyanobacteria Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Exit Ticket: TEKS # answer in the CHAT BOX for participation points! B.4(A) Euglena Cyanobacteria Eukaryotic Prokaryotic Sources - click for link - CK12 - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells - POGIL - Organelles in Eukaryotic Cells  Animal H ________________ C ________________ E ________________ Cell I ________________ D ________________ F ________________ G ________________ B ________________ A ________________ J ________________  H C Animal E Cell I D F G J B A  J E Plant C D cell L K F A G C I B  ___________________ Protects inside cell from outside _______________ Provides extra support for environment ; regulate what goes the cell. into and out of cell _______________ Fluid mixture that supports ribosome and DNA ___________________ Makes proteins in the cell _______________ Genetic information = code for how cells are built and function  E ________________ J ________________ C ________________ D ________________ L ________________ K________________ A ________________ F ________________ G ________________ H ________________ Plant I ________________ B ________________ cell  CELL MEMBRANE - Word bank Word bank Fatty acid TAILS Peripheral Protein 1 Contains ribosomes 6 DNA located in cytoplasm Phosphate HEADS Glycoprotein 2 Contains DNA 7 Has a cell membrane Transport Protein Phospholipid 3 Has nucleus 8 Example: Bacteria cells 4 Lacks nucleus 9 Example: Animal / Plant cells 5 DNA located in nucleus F B MICROSCOPE PARTS - Word bank A Objective lens Ocular lens Stage Arm Base Nosepiece Body Tube Diaphragm Light source Coarse Adjustment knob Stage Clips Fine adjustment knob C D E ________________________________ Analogy Definition of analogy: “A comparison between two things which are similar in some respects, but otherwise are different; an explanation of something by comparing it point by point with something else! He/she is as strong as an ox The analogy compares the person’s strength to the strength of an Ox (an strong animal) , suggesting he is very strong