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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary purpose of ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?
- To make proteins for the cell (correct)
- To protect the cell from external damage
- To produce genetic information
- To support organelles within the cell
How does the cell membrane function similarly to the walls of a school?
How does the cell membrane function similarly to the walls of a school?
- Both store genetic information
- Both divide internal structures
- Both provide energy to the system
- Both regulate what enters and exits (correct)
In the analogy of cells to a school, what do cytoplasm represent?
In the analogy of cells to a school, what do cytoplasm represent?
- Students
- Books and supplies
- Teachers
- Floors and walls (correct)
What role does DNA play in eukaryotic cells?
What role does DNA play in eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following is a comparison made in the school analogy?
Which of the following is a comparison made in the school analogy?
Why are proteins compared to students in the school analogy?
Why are proteins compared to students in the school analogy?
What aspect of eukaryotic cells does the analogy of ‘making students ready for the real world’ refer to?
What aspect of eukaryotic cells does the analogy of ‘making students ready for the real world’ refer to?
What does the term 'organelles' refer to in relation to the school analogy?
What does the term 'organelles' refer to in relation to the school analogy?
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?
How does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function within the cell?
How does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function within the cell?
What role do lysosomes play in the cell?
What role do lysosomes play in the cell?
Which organelle is responsible for energy conversion within a cell?
Which organelle is responsible for energy conversion within a cell?
What function does the Golgi body perform in the cell?
What function does the Golgi body perform in the cell?
What is the primary role of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?
What is the primary role of vacuoles in eukaryotic cells?
In cell analogy terms, how does the electrical room relate to cellular components?
In cell analogy terms, how does the electrical room relate to cellular components?
Which of these organelles modifies and sorts proteins in a cell?
Which of these organelles modifies and sorts proteins in a cell?
What is the primary overall goal of the cell system?
What is the primary overall goal of the cell system?
Which part of the cell is responsible for providing extra support?
Which part of the cell is responsible for providing extra support?
Which organelles are involved in structural support and movement?
Which organelles are involved in structural support and movement?
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
Which organelle is primarily involved in cell division?
Which organelle is primarily involved in cell division?
Which of the following correctly describes the function of proteins in the body?
Which of the following correctly describes the function of proteins in the body?
What is the primary function of mitochondria within cells?
What is the primary function of mitochondria within cells?
The cytoskeleton is crucial for which of the following?
The cytoskeleton is crucial for which of the following?
In which type of cell would you find a high concentration of mitochondria?
In which type of cell would you find a high concentration of mitochondria?
Which element of the analogy compares organelles to organs in the body?
Which element of the analogy compares organelles to organs in the body?
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?
What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in a cell?
Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins?
Which cellular organelle is responsible for packaging and modifying proteins?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
What is the main function of lysosomes?
Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells?
Which of the following structures is unique to plant cells?
What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
What is the primary component of the cell membrane?
Which type of cell is characterized as prokaryotic?
Which type of cell is characterized as prokaryotic?
What is the classification of Euglena?
What is the classification of Euglena?
Which type of cell is Cyanobacteria classified as?
Which type of cell is Cyanobacteria classified as?
Which of the following structures protects the inside of the cell from the outside environment?
Which of the following structures protects the inside of the cell from the outside environment?
What component in an animal cell provides extra support for the cell?
What component in an animal cell provides extra support for the cell?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
Which of the following is not a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?
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Study Notes
Cell Structure and Function
- All living things are made of cells, which are the basic unit of structure and function for life.
- Organisms rely on their cells to carry out all of the necessary functions of life.
- Organelles are tiny structures inside cells that carry out a specific function within the cell.
- Organelles can be compared to organs in the body.
- Organelles work together as a system to provide various functions for the life of the cells.
- Systems are sets of connected parts that work together to form a cohesive whole.
- The overall goal of the cell system is to make proteins.
- All organelles work together in the cell to make various proteins.
Prokaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic cells are simpler cells that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- Have a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, and sometimes a capsule.
Eukaryotic Cells
- Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
- Most eukaryotic cells include:
- Cell membrane: Protects inside cell from outside environment; regulate what goes into and out of cell.
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like substance that occupies space around organelles, protected them from damage.
- Ribosomes: Makes proteins for the cell.
- DNA: Genetic information = code for how cells are built and function.
- Nucleus: “Brain” of the cell - Contains the DNA code for how cell needs to function.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Transports proteins throughout the cell.
- Golgi body: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for either storage in and removal from the cell.
- Lysosomes: Filled with enzymes that break down “junk”/old organelles that are not working
Comparing Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
- Animal Cells
- Have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi body, lysosomes, mitochondria, and vacuoles.
- Plant Cells
- Have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi Body, lysosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles, cell wall, chloroplasts, and a central vacuole.
Organelle Comparisons
- Mitochondria are sites of cellular respiration where energy in food is converted into energy cells need to function.
- Chloroplasts are found in plant cells and are where photosynthesis takes place.
- Vacuoles store materials such as water, salts and proteins.
- Cell walls provide extra support for the cell, found in plant and bacteria cells.
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